This document provides an example of converting binary numbers to hexadecimal numbers. It shows that binary numbers are grouped into 4-bit groups starting from the decimal point moving left, then converted to their hexadecimal equivalent. So the binary number 1101100110101.101010011 would be converted to B 3 D . 5 11 in hexadecimal.
This document discusses linear transformations and their properties. It defines a linear transformation as a function between vector spaces that preserves vector addition and scalar multiplication. The kernel of a linear transformation is the set of vectors mapped to the zero vector, and is a subspace of the domain. The range is the set of images of all vectors under the transformation. Matrices can represent linear transformations, with the matrix equation representing the transformation of vectors. Examples are provided to illustrate key concepts such as kernels, ranges, and matrix representations of linear transformations.
1) Newton Raphson method is a numerical technique used to find roots of algebraic and transcendental equations. It uses successive approximations, starting from an initial guess, to find better approximations for the roots of the equations.
2) The method involves calculating the derivative of the function f(x) and determining the next approximation using the formula xn+1 = xn - f(xn)/f'(xn).
3) An example of finding the root of x3 - 2x - 5 = 0 is shown, starting from an initial guess of 2.5 and iteratively applying the Newton Raphson formula to obtain the root as 2.094551482.
The Fourier transform relates a signal in the time domain, x(t), to its frequency domain representation, X(jw). It represents the frequency content of the signal. The Fourier transform is a linear operation, and time shifts in the time domain result in phase shifts in the frequency domain. Differentiation in the time domain corresponds to multiplication by jw in the frequency domain. Convolution becomes simple multiplication in the frequency domain. These properties allow differential equations and systems with convolution to be solved using algebraic operations by working in the frequency domain.
This document discusses binary subtraction and multiplication. It provides 4 rules for binary subtraction: 0-0=0, 0-1=1, 1-0=1, and 1-1=0. An example of binary subtraction is shown subtracting 10010 from 10110 with a difference of 00100. Binary multiplication is also covered, noting the multiplier is always 1 or 0, and the 4 basic rules are: 0x0=0, 0x1=0, 1x0=0, and 1x1=1. An example of binary multiplication is shown multiplying 10001111 by 1101000 to get a product of 1101.
The z-transform provides a method to analyze discrete-time signals and systems using complex variable theory. It is defined as the summation of a sequence multiplied by z to the power of the time index from negative infinity to positive infinity. The region of convergence consists of values of z where this summation converges. It is determined by the locations of the zeros and poles of the z-transform function. Examples show how different sequences lead to different regions of convergence bounded by these zeros and poles.
Binary coded decimal (BCD) is a system of writing numerals that assigns a four-digit binary code to each digit 0 through 9 in a decimal (base-10) numeral. The four-bit BCD code for any particular single base-10 digit is its representation in binary notation
Laplace Transformation & Its ApplicationChandra Kundu
This document presents an overview of the Laplace transform and its applications. It begins with an introduction to Laplace transforms as a mathematical tool to convert differential equations into algebraic expressions. It then provides definitions and properties of both the Laplace transform and its inverse. Examples are given of how Laplace transforms can be used to solve ordinary and partial differential equations, as well as applications in electrical circuits and other fields. The document concludes by noting some limitations of the Laplace transform method and references additional resources.
This document discusses linear transformations and their properties. It defines a linear transformation as a function between vector spaces that preserves vector addition and scalar multiplication. The kernel of a linear transformation is the set of vectors mapped to the zero vector, and is a subspace of the domain. The range is the set of images of all vectors under the transformation. Matrices can represent linear transformations, with the matrix equation representing the transformation of vectors. Examples are provided to illustrate key concepts such as kernels, ranges, and matrix representations of linear transformations.
1) Newton Raphson method is a numerical technique used to find roots of algebraic and transcendental equations. It uses successive approximations, starting from an initial guess, to find better approximations for the roots of the equations.
2) The method involves calculating the derivative of the function f(x) and determining the next approximation using the formula xn+1 = xn - f(xn)/f'(xn).
3) An example of finding the root of x3 - 2x - 5 = 0 is shown, starting from an initial guess of 2.5 and iteratively applying the Newton Raphson formula to obtain the root as 2.094551482.
The Fourier transform relates a signal in the time domain, x(t), to its frequency domain representation, X(jw). It represents the frequency content of the signal. The Fourier transform is a linear operation, and time shifts in the time domain result in phase shifts in the frequency domain. Differentiation in the time domain corresponds to multiplication by jw in the frequency domain. Convolution becomes simple multiplication in the frequency domain. These properties allow differential equations and systems with convolution to be solved using algebraic operations by working in the frequency domain.
This document discusses binary subtraction and multiplication. It provides 4 rules for binary subtraction: 0-0=0, 0-1=1, 1-0=1, and 1-1=0. An example of binary subtraction is shown subtracting 10010 from 10110 with a difference of 00100. Binary multiplication is also covered, noting the multiplier is always 1 or 0, and the 4 basic rules are: 0x0=0, 0x1=0, 1x0=0, and 1x1=1. An example of binary multiplication is shown multiplying 10001111 by 1101000 to get a product of 1101.
The z-transform provides a method to analyze discrete-time signals and systems using complex variable theory. It is defined as the summation of a sequence multiplied by z to the power of the time index from negative infinity to positive infinity. The region of convergence consists of values of z where this summation converges. It is determined by the locations of the zeros and poles of the z-transform function. Examples show how different sequences lead to different regions of convergence bounded by these zeros and poles.
Binary coded decimal (BCD) is a system of writing numerals that assigns a four-digit binary code to each digit 0 through 9 in a decimal (base-10) numeral. The four-bit BCD code for any particular single base-10 digit is its representation in binary notation
Laplace Transformation & Its ApplicationChandra Kundu
This document presents an overview of the Laplace transform and its applications. It begins with an introduction to Laplace transforms as a mathematical tool to convert differential equations into algebraic expressions. It then provides definitions and properties of both the Laplace transform and its inverse. Examples are given of how Laplace transforms can be used to solve ordinary and partial differential equations, as well as applications in electrical circuits and other fields. The document concludes by noting some limitations of the Laplace transform method and references additional resources.
This document discusses Newton's forward and backward difference interpolation formulas for equally spaced data points. It provides the formulations for calculating the forward and backward differences up to the kth order. For equally spaced points, the forward difference formula approximates a function f(x) using its kth forward difference at the initial point x0. Similarly, the backward difference formula approximates f(x) using its kth backward difference at x0. The document includes an example problem of using these formulas to estimate the Bessel function and exercises involving interpolation of the gamma function and exponential function.
Contents:
1.What is number system?
2.Conversions of number from one radix to another
3.Complements (1's, 2's, 9's, 10's)
4.Binary Arithmetic ( Addition, subtraction, multiplication, division)
JK flip flop in Digital electronics
You can watch my lectures at:
Digital electronics playlist in my youtube channel:
https://www.youtube.com/channel/UC_fItK7wBO6zdWHVPIYV8dQ?view_as=subscriber
My Website : https://easyninspire.blogspot.com/
NAND and NOR gates are universal gates because any other logic gate can be implemented using only NAND or NOR gates. The document provides examples of how to construct NOT, AND, OR, XOR, and XNOR gates using only NAND gates. Similarly, it demonstrates how to construct these common logic gates using only NOR gates. Both NAND and NOR gates are universal because Boolean logic can be represented entirely with either of these gate types alone.
This document describes an experiment in digital signal processing involving linear and circular convolution using discrete Fourier transform (DFT) and inverse discrete Fourier transform (IDFT) techniques. The experiment uses MATLAB to compute the convolution of sample input signals x and h in both the linear and circular cases. Output results are displayed showing the convolution outputs match those obtained using built-in MATLAB convolution functions. The document provides code examples and output plots to demonstrate linear and circular convolution computation in the frequency domain.
This document discusses periodic functions and Fourier series. A periodic function repeats its values over regular intervals called periods. The Fourier series represents periodic functions as the sum of trigonometric functions (sines and cosines) with different frequencies. The document derives the formulas to calculate the coefficients of the Fourier series from a given periodic function. It involves integrating the function multiplied by sines and cosines over one period of the function.
1) The document discusses finite word length effects in digital filters. It covers fixed point and floating point number representations, different number systems including binary, decimal, octal and hexadecimal.
2) It describes various number representation techniques for digital systems including fixed point representation, floating point representation, and block floating point representation. Fixed point representation uses a fixed binary point position while floating point representation allows the binary point to vary.
3) It also discusses signed number representations including sign-magnitude, one's complement, and two's complement forms. Arithmetic operations like addition, subtraction and multiplication are covered for fixed point numbers along with issues like overflow.
This document discusses phase lead and lag compensators for digital control systems. It covers:
1. Designing a discrete-time phase lead/lag compensator by mapping the z-plane to the w-plane using bilinear transformation.
2. Defining phase lead and lag compensators based on the positions of poles and zeros in the w-domain transfer function.
3. A design approach using frequency response methods to meet a phase margin specification by determining the parameters of a first-order digital phase lead or lag compensator.
4. Examples of designing phase lead and lag compensators for different plant transfer functions to meet specifications on phase margin and steady state error.
The document discusses decimal to binary coded decimal (BCD) conversion. It defines BCD as a 4-bit coding system that represents each decimal digit with a unique 4-bit binary pattern. Numbers larger than 9 are represented by grouping the 4-bit codes for each digit from left to right. The document then provides examples of converting a binary number to decimal, and then to BCD, which involves first converting the binary number to decimal, then coding each decimal digit as a 4-bit BCD pattern.
Bilinear z-transformation is the most common method for converting the transfer function H(s) of the analog filter to the transfer function H(z) of the digital filter and vice versa. In this work, introducing the relationship between the digital coefficients and the analog coefficients in the matrix equation definitely involves the Pascal’s triangle.
The document discusses the z-transform, which is the discrete-time equivalent of the Laplace transform. It defines the z-transform and provides examples of calculating the z-transform for various sequences, including the unit impulse, unit step function, sinusoids, and exponential sequences. It also discusses properties of the z-transform such as the region of convergence and relationship to the discrete-time Fourier transform.
This document discusses parity generators and checkers, which are used to detect errors in digital data transmission. It explains that a parity generator adds an extra parity bit to binary data to make the total number of 1s either even or odd. This allows a parity checker circuit at the receiver to detect errors if the number of 1s is the wrong parity. It provides truth tables and logic diagrams for 3-bit even and odd parity generators and an even parity checker. The boolean expressions for the parity generator and checker circuits are also derived.
This document discusses different types of codes used to encode information for transmission and storage. It begins by explaining that encoding is required to send information unambiguously over long distances and that decoding is needed to retrieve the original information. It then provides reasons for using coding, such as increasing transmission efficiency and enabling error correction. The document proceeds to describe binary coding and how increasing the number of bits allows more items to be uniquely represented. It also discusses properties of good codes like ease of use and error detection. Specific code types are then outlined, including binary coded decimal codes, unit distance codes, error detection codes, and alphanumeric codes. Gray code and excess-3 code are explained as examples.
This document discusses different types of counters used in digital circuits. It defines a counter as a sequential circuit that cycles through a sequence of states in response to clock pulses. Binary counters count in binary and can count from 0 to 2n-1 with n flip-flops. Asynchronous counters have flip-flops that are not triggered simultaneously by a clock, while synchronous counters use a common clock for all flip-flops. Other counter types include ring counters, Johnson counters, and decade counters. The document provides examples of binary, asynchronous, and synchronous counters and discusses their applications in areas like timing sequences and addressing memory.
This document discusses two methods for converting hexadecimal numbers to binary numbers. Method 1 involves first converting the hexadecimal number to decimal, and then converting the decimal to binary. Method 2 involves converting each hexadecimal digit directly to its 4-bit binary equivalent. Examples are provided to demonstrate converting individual hexadecimal numbers and portions of numbers to binary.
The document defines a homogeneous linear differential equation as an equation of the form:
a0(dx/dy)n + a1(dx/dy)n-1 + ... + an-1(dx/dy) + any = X, where a0, a1, ..., an are constants and X is a function of x.
It provides the method of solving such equations by first reducing it to a linear equation with constant coefficients, then taking a trial solution of the form y = emz, and finally solving the resulting auxiliary equation.
It proves identities relating derivatives of y with respect to x and z, then uses these identities to solve two sample homogeneous linear differential equations of orders 2 and
The document discusses calculating the discrete Fourier transform (DFT) using a matrix method. It involves representing the DFT as a matrix multiplication of an N×N twiddle factor matrix and an N×1 input vector. The twiddle factor matrix contains elements that are powers of the Nth root of unity. An example calculates the 4-point DFT of the vector [1, 2, 0, 1] by multiplying it by the twiddle factor matrix.
- The document discusses Fourier series and integrals.
- Fourier series decomposes a periodic function into a sum of sines and cosines. It is useful for representing periodic and discontinuous functions.
- There are three types of Fourier integrals: the general Fourier integral, Fourier cosine integral, and Fourier sine integral. These are used to represent functions over infinite intervals.
This document discusses digital logic design and binary numbers. It covers topics such as digital vs analog signals, binary number systems, addition and subtraction in binary, and number base conversions between decimal, binary, octal, and hexadecimal. It also discusses complements, specifically 1's complement and radix complement. The purpose is to provide background information on fundamental concepts for digital logic design.
This document summarizes an experiment that implemented 2:4, 3:8 decoders and an 8:3 encoder using Verilog. It provides the Verilog code for each implementation and includes RTL simulation output waveforms. The aim was to model the decoders and encoder using dataflow and behavioral modeling. The experiment was conducted using Xilinx ISE 9.2i software by student SHYAMVEER SINGH with roll number B-54.
The document discusses different number systems:
- Decimal uses base 10 with digits 0-9
- Binary uses base 2 with digits 0-1
- Octal uses base 8 with digits 0-7
- Hexadecimal uses base 16 with digits 0-9 and A-F
It provides methods to convert between decimal, binary, octal, and hexadecimal numbers.
The document discusses computer number systems and data representation. It covers binary, octal, and hexadecimal number systems. It explains how computers use digital representation based on binary and how data is represented in memory as binary digits. It also discusses different data types, analog vs digital representation, and how various number systems are used to represent binary numbers.
This document discusses Newton's forward and backward difference interpolation formulas for equally spaced data points. It provides the formulations for calculating the forward and backward differences up to the kth order. For equally spaced points, the forward difference formula approximates a function f(x) using its kth forward difference at the initial point x0. Similarly, the backward difference formula approximates f(x) using its kth backward difference at x0. The document includes an example problem of using these formulas to estimate the Bessel function and exercises involving interpolation of the gamma function and exponential function.
Contents:
1.What is number system?
2.Conversions of number from one radix to another
3.Complements (1's, 2's, 9's, 10's)
4.Binary Arithmetic ( Addition, subtraction, multiplication, division)
JK flip flop in Digital electronics
You can watch my lectures at:
Digital electronics playlist in my youtube channel:
https://www.youtube.com/channel/UC_fItK7wBO6zdWHVPIYV8dQ?view_as=subscriber
My Website : https://easyninspire.blogspot.com/
NAND and NOR gates are universal gates because any other logic gate can be implemented using only NAND or NOR gates. The document provides examples of how to construct NOT, AND, OR, XOR, and XNOR gates using only NAND gates. Similarly, it demonstrates how to construct these common logic gates using only NOR gates. Both NAND and NOR gates are universal because Boolean logic can be represented entirely with either of these gate types alone.
This document describes an experiment in digital signal processing involving linear and circular convolution using discrete Fourier transform (DFT) and inverse discrete Fourier transform (IDFT) techniques. The experiment uses MATLAB to compute the convolution of sample input signals x and h in both the linear and circular cases. Output results are displayed showing the convolution outputs match those obtained using built-in MATLAB convolution functions. The document provides code examples and output plots to demonstrate linear and circular convolution computation in the frequency domain.
This document discusses periodic functions and Fourier series. A periodic function repeats its values over regular intervals called periods. The Fourier series represents periodic functions as the sum of trigonometric functions (sines and cosines) with different frequencies. The document derives the formulas to calculate the coefficients of the Fourier series from a given periodic function. It involves integrating the function multiplied by sines and cosines over one period of the function.
1) The document discusses finite word length effects in digital filters. It covers fixed point and floating point number representations, different number systems including binary, decimal, octal and hexadecimal.
2) It describes various number representation techniques for digital systems including fixed point representation, floating point representation, and block floating point representation. Fixed point representation uses a fixed binary point position while floating point representation allows the binary point to vary.
3) It also discusses signed number representations including sign-magnitude, one's complement, and two's complement forms. Arithmetic operations like addition, subtraction and multiplication are covered for fixed point numbers along with issues like overflow.
This document discusses phase lead and lag compensators for digital control systems. It covers:
1. Designing a discrete-time phase lead/lag compensator by mapping the z-plane to the w-plane using bilinear transformation.
2. Defining phase lead and lag compensators based on the positions of poles and zeros in the w-domain transfer function.
3. A design approach using frequency response methods to meet a phase margin specification by determining the parameters of a first-order digital phase lead or lag compensator.
4. Examples of designing phase lead and lag compensators for different plant transfer functions to meet specifications on phase margin and steady state error.
The document discusses decimal to binary coded decimal (BCD) conversion. It defines BCD as a 4-bit coding system that represents each decimal digit with a unique 4-bit binary pattern. Numbers larger than 9 are represented by grouping the 4-bit codes for each digit from left to right. The document then provides examples of converting a binary number to decimal, and then to BCD, which involves first converting the binary number to decimal, then coding each decimal digit as a 4-bit BCD pattern.
Bilinear z-transformation is the most common method for converting the transfer function H(s) of the analog filter to the transfer function H(z) of the digital filter and vice versa. In this work, introducing the relationship between the digital coefficients and the analog coefficients in the matrix equation definitely involves the Pascal’s triangle.
The document discusses the z-transform, which is the discrete-time equivalent of the Laplace transform. It defines the z-transform and provides examples of calculating the z-transform for various sequences, including the unit impulse, unit step function, sinusoids, and exponential sequences. It also discusses properties of the z-transform such as the region of convergence and relationship to the discrete-time Fourier transform.
This document discusses parity generators and checkers, which are used to detect errors in digital data transmission. It explains that a parity generator adds an extra parity bit to binary data to make the total number of 1s either even or odd. This allows a parity checker circuit at the receiver to detect errors if the number of 1s is the wrong parity. It provides truth tables and logic diagrams for 3-bit even and odd parity generators and an even parity checker. The boolean expressions for the parity generator and checker circuits are also derived.
This document discusses different types of codes used to encode information for transmission and storage. It begins by explaining that encoding is required to send information unambiguously over long distances and that decoding is needed to retrieve the original information. It then provides reasons for using coding, such as increasing transmission efficiency and enabling error correction. The document proceeds to describe binary coding and how increasing the number of bits allows more items to be uniquely represented. It also discusses properties of good codes like ease of use and error detection. Specific code types are then outlined, including binary coded decimal codes, unit distance codes, error detection codes, and alphanumeric codes. Gray code and excess-3 code are explained as examples.
This document discusses different types of counters used in digital circuits. It defines a counter as a sequential circuit that cycles through a sequence of states in response to clock pulses. Binary counters count in binary and can count from 0 to 2n-1 with n flip-flops. Asynchronous counters have flip-flops that are not triggered simultaneously by a clock, while synchronous counters use a common clock for all flip-flops. Other counter types include ring counters, Johnson counters, and decade counters. The document provides examples of binary, asynchronous, and synchronous counters and discusses their applications in areas like timing sequences and addressing memory.
This document discusses two methods for converting hexadecimal numbers to binary numbers. Method 1 involves first converting the hexadecimal number to decimal, and then converting the decimal to binary. Method 2 involves converting each hexadecimal digit directly to its 4-bit binary equivalent. Examples are provided to demonstrate converting individual hexadecimal numbers and portions of numbers to binary.
The document defines a homogeneous linear differential equation as an equation of the form:
a0(dx/dy)n + a1(dx/dy)n-1 + ... + an-1(dx/dy) + any = X, where a0, a1, ..., an are constants and X is a function of x.
It provides the method of solving such equations by first reducing it to a linear equation with constant coefficients, then taking a trial solution of the form y = emz, and finally solving the resulting auxiliary equation.
It proves identities relating derivatives of y with respect to x and z, then uses these identities to solve two sample homogeneous linear differential equations of orders 2 and
The document discusses calculating the discrete Fourier transform (DFT) using a matrix method. It involves representing the DFT as a matrix multiplication of an N×N twiddle factor matrix and an N×1 input vector. The twiddle factor matrix contains elements that are powers of the Nth root of unity. An example calculates the 4-point DFT of the vector [1, 2, 0, 1] by multiplying it by the twiddle factor matrix.
- The document discusses Fourier series and integrals.
- Fourier series decomposes a periodic function into a sum of sines and cosines. It is useful for representing periodic and discontinuous functions.
- There are three types of Fourier integrals: the general Fourier integral, Fourier cosine integral, and Fourier sine integral. These are used to represent functions over infinite intervals.
This document discusses digital logic design and binary numbers. It covers topics such as digital vs analog signals, binary number systems, addition and subtraction in binary, and number base conversions between decimal, binary, octal, and hexadecimal. It also discusses complements, specifically 1's complement and radix complement. The purpose is to provide background information on fundamental concepts for digital logic design.
This document summarizes an experiment that implemented 2:4, 3:8 decoders and an 8:3 encoder using Verilog. It provides the Verilog code for each implementation and includes RTL simulation output waveforms. The aim was to model the decoders and encoder using dataflow and behavioral modeling. The experiment was conducted using Xilinx ISE 9.2i software by student SHYAMVEER SINGH with roll number B-54.
The document discusses different number systems:
- Decimal uses base 10 with digits 0-9
- Binary uses base 2 with digits 0-1
- Octal uses base 8 with digits 0-7
- Hexadecimal uses base 16 with digits 0-9 and A-F
It provides methods to convert between decimal, binary, octal, and hexadecimal numbers.
The document discusses computer number systems and data representation. It covers binary, octal, and hexadecimal number systems. It explains how computers use digital representation based on binary and how data is represented in memory as binary digits. It also discusses different data types, analog vs digital representation, and how various number systems are used to represent binary numbers.
This document provides an overview of binary and hexadecimal number systems. It discusses converting between binary, decimal, and hexadecimal numbers, as well as mathematical operations in binary. It also covers using an IPO (input, processing, output) approach to problem-solving. Finally, it discusses setting up Ruby programming language on a flash drive to prepare for an introduction to Ruby programming in the next class. The homework assignment is to complete a math review due at the start of the next class.
The document discusses programming with the Kinect for Windows SDK. It covers using the Kinect sensor's RGB camera and depth sensor, understanding depth data and calculating distance from depth values, skeletal tracking of joints and their states, using the Kinect's audio capabilities including speech recognition, and an overview of the SDK architecture and components.
The document discusses different sets of numbers including natural numbers, integers, rational numbers, and real numbers. It defines the natural number set N as containing all positive whole numbers and 0. The integer set Z contains all natural numbers as well as their negative counterparts. Several examples are provided to demonstrate whether specific numbers belong to sets N and Z. The goal is to understand which set a given number would belong to.
The document discusses binary and hexadecimal number systems and their importance in computers. It describes a journey taken through different components of a computer network, including a theater, various buildings, switches, routers, and connections to other cities. The goal is to appreciate the role of these number systems in representing information transmitted through the network.
The document discusses how real numbers are represented in IEEE standard form using 32 bits divided into three sections - a sign bit, 8-bit exponent, and 23-bit number. It provides the 5 steps to convert a real number into its IEEE representation: 1) calculate the binary form, 2) normalize it, 3) set the sign bit, 4) store the exponent as an 8-bit binary after adding 127, and 5) store the remaining bits of the normalized form. It asks to represent 25.010 in this standard form.
The document discusses scientific notation and how it is used to write very large and very small numbers in a standardized way. Scientific notation expresses numbers as the product of a number between 1 and 10 and a power of 10. This allows numbers with many zeros to be written more concisely than in standard decimal form. The document provides examples of how various numbers are written in scientific notation, including the distance from Earth to the moon, the number of stars in the universe, and the size of modern computer chips.
This document outlines the syllabus and schedule for a mathematics course called MATH1003 for the computer industry. It introduces the instructor, Greg Rodrigo, and covers topics like number systems, sets, logic, Boolean algebra, equations, functions, and statistics. The schedule lists these topics to be covered over three sections during the semester.
The document discusses the decimal number system. It explains that decimal numbers are composed of digits in different place values that are powers of ten, with the place value increasing by factors of ten from right to left. This place value system allows very large and small numbers to be represented. The document uses the numbers 1764 and 1359.24 to illustrate how digits in each place value (thousands, hundreds, tens, ones, tenths, hundredths) represent that value when multiplied by the corresponding power of ten.
PyKinect: Body Iteration Application Development Using Pythonpycontw
This document summarizes the Kinect for Windows SDK and PyKinect library. It provides an overview of how Kinect works and its hardware specifications. It then discusses the differences between the Kinect for Xbox 360 and Kinect for Windows. The document outlines how to set up and use the Kinect SDK and PyKinect library to access Kinect sensor data like skeleton tracking and depth/video frames in Python. Code examples are provided to get skeleton data and draw skeleton positions.
The document discusses properties of real numbers. It examines the commutative, associative, identity, and inverse properties through examples of addition, subtraction, multiplication and division. The commutative property states that the order of numbers does not matter for addition and multiplication. The associative property means grouping does not change the result for addition and multiplication. The identity property defines the numbers that leave other numbers unchanged when added or multiplied. And the inverse property establishes that adding or multiplying the opposite undoes the original operation.
A Distributed System Using MS Kinect and Event Calculus for Adaptive Physioth...Stefano Bragaglia
In many countries of the world, the life expectancy increases but the population ages so rapidly that it is expected that soon it will be difficult to ensure a good life quality to the elder people when health issues arise. In this paper, we consider this problem from the point of view of the physiotherapy rehabili- tation which nowadays is perceived as costly and inconvenient for the elder patients. In order to lessen these problems, we propose a distributed architecture to allow the physiotherapists to remotely assist their patients while they comfortably do exercises from home. As in other proposals, the Human Pose Recognition is delegated to a computer equipped with MS Kinect and neural networks. Our approach, however, differs from others because it includes a logical framework based on Event Calculus augmented with Expectations which provides a higher-level description of the exercises and a mean to measure how well they were done.
The document discusses the binary number system. It explains that binary numbers are written using only 1s and 0s. The place values in binary are powers of 2, with the rightmost digit being 20 = 1, the next place being 21 = 2, and so on. This means the binary number 11012 represents 1*8 + 1*4 + 0*2 + 1*1 = 16 + 4 + 0 + 1 = 21. The document also shows how to write binary numbers with decimals by continuing the place values as negative powers of 2.
Math1003 1.7 - Hexadecimal Number Systemgcmath1003
The document discusses the hexadecimal number system. It notes that the hexadecimal number system has a base of 16 and the place values are powers of 16, ranging from 16^0 to 16^n. It explains that the symbols 0-9 represent their usual values, while A=10, B=11, C=12, D=13, E=14, and F=15. An example of converting the hexadecimal number 4D5816 to decimal is provided to illustrate the place value concept.
Math1003 1.8 - Converting from Binary and Hex to Decimalgcmath1003
The document discusses converting binary numbers to their decimal equivalent values. It provides an example of converting the binary number 11010012. It explains that in binary, the place values are powers of 2, with the place values doubling from right to left. To calculate the decimal equivalent, you add the place value of each digit that is a 1. In the example, the place values of the 1 digits are 64, 32, 16, and 8, so when added together they equal the decimal value of 120.
The document discusses binary addition and provides examples of applying the rules of binary addition. It begins by stating the goal of correctly applying the rules of binary addition. It then lists the 4 rules of binary addition and provides examples of applying each rule. It concludes by providing multiple multi-bit binary addition examples that demonstrate applying the rules to obtain the sum.
The document discusses several concepts related to errors that can occur when performing mathematical operations on a computer. It explains that computers have limited storage, so numbers are truncated or rounded. This can lead to truncation error when values are simply cut off. It also discusses overflow error, which occurs when a calculation produces a value that is too large for the computer's storage format. The goal is to explain and demonstrate the concepts of truncation, rounding, overflow, and conversion error.
Math1003 1.11 - Hex to Binary Conversiongcmath1003
The document provides instructions for converting hexadecimal numbers to binary numbers. It begins with an example conversion table that lists decimal, binary, and hexadecimal numbers from 0 to 15. It then works through converting the hexadecimal number 7E50.23C116 to binary. For each hexadecimal digit, it writes the corresponding 4-bit binary equivalent according to the conversion table. Once all digits are converted, the full binary representation is displayed.
The document discusses binary number conversion between decimal and binary representations. It provides two processes:
1) Decimal to binary conversion uses successive division, where the decimal number is divided by 2 and the remainders form the binary number bits.
2) Binary to decimal conversion uses weighted multiplication, where each bit of the binary number is multiplied by its place value and the products are summed to obtain the decimal number. Worked examples demonstrate converting specific values between decimal and binary.
There’s a reason Google tapped the talents of Understanding Comics author Scott McCloud to introduce their innovative browser to the world; comics possess the graphic clarity, visual language and universal appeal necessary to communicate complex stories, ideas and emotions to the largest audience possible.
Join interactive designer (and published cartoonist) Tyler Sticka as we infuse the potential of our user experiences with the compositional, narrative and iconic principals of graphic storytelling.
Presented at the 2009 WebVisions Conference at the Oregon Convention Center.
http://tylersticka.com
http://webvisionsevent.com
This document describes a project to convert binary coded decimal (BCD) to hexadecimal using an 8051 microcontroller. It includes a circuit diagram, component list, description of the 8051 IC, introduction to hexadecimal numbering, description of how the conversion works by reading the state of dip switches, the program code, and references. The project reads the state of dip switches connected to an 8051's ports and uses the microcontroller's internal conversion to display the corresponding hexadecimal value on a 7-segment LED display.
'Abacus' - future of personal finance projectFraser
The concept proposes using cloud computing to create a personalized financial assistant that understands an individual's complete financial picture and lifestyle preferences over their entire lifespan. This assistant would provide tailored advice and help users visualize different financial scenarios to better understand how to manage their money as their needs change from students to young families to retirement. The goal is to help users of all ages gain a deeper understanding of personal finance.
The document discusses Infobright, an open-source data warehousing solution. Infobright was founded in 2006 and is headquartered in Toronto with offices in Boston and Warsaw. It offers a powerful yet simple and low-cost data warehouse designed to handle rapidly growing volumes of data through its community and enterprise editions. Major benefits include simplicity with no need for new schemas or partitioning, scalability from 500GB to 30TB of data, and low costs through compression and use of standard servers. Infobright also provides tight integration with MySQL.
We provide quality local recruitment services and aim to eliminate retention problems by sourcing people radical into businesses. Our mission is to source people into the IT sector. We pride ourselves on being a national company that provides permanent and contract recruitment.
The document discusses several graph algorithms:
1) Reachability algorithms determine which vertices are reachable from a given starting vertex by traversing edges. This can answer questions like which airports can be reached from a starting airport.
2) Transitive closure adds edges between all reachable vertex pairs. Warshall's algorithm computes this in O(V^3) time by iteratively building the closure.
3) Floyd's algorithm computes shortest paths between all vertex pairs in O(V^3) time, expanding on transitive closure ideas.
EBCDIC code is an 8-bit code used in large computers. It can represent 256 characters with each digit having a binary representation as the numeric portion and zone codes distinguishing character types. The alphabetic characters are divided into three groups with different zone portions of 1100, 1101, and 1110.
Similar to Math1003 1.10 - Binary to Hex Conversion (10)
The document appears to be a presentation about computer networking and binary/hexadecimal number systems. It includes diagrams showing connections between different buildings and network components on campus, with labels indicating switches, routers, and connections to external networks. The goal stated is to appreciate the importance of binary and hexadecimal number systems in the computer world.
The document discusses the importance of the order of operations when performing calculations. It provides examples of how different people could obtain different answers for the same calculation if an order of operations was not followed consistently. Having a set order of operations ensures that everyone "speaks the same language" when solving equations.
Math1003 1.15 - Integers and 2's Complementgcmath1003
The document discusses how integers are stored in computers using two's complement format. Integers and real numbers are stored differently, with integers using binary representations. Early computers stored integers in 8 bits, but now use 32 bits. Negative integers are represented by taking the two's complement of the binary representation of the positive integer of the same magnitude. This two's complement format addresses issues with representing both positive and negative zero that arose with earlier sign-magnitude representation of integers.
The document discusses the concepts of significant digits, accuracy, and precision in numbers. It defines significant digits as the non-zero digits in a number plus zeros between other significant digits. Leading and trailing zeros are not significant unless the number contains a decimal. The number of significant digits indicates the precision or level of detail in the value. Examples are provided to illustrate the rules for determining significant digits in different numbers.
Math1003 1.9 - Converting Decimal to Binary and Hexgcmath1003
The document discusses converting decimal numbers to binary and hexadecimal numbers. It provides examples of converting the decimal numbers 20, 26, and 39 to their binary equivalents. It also addresses that the largest number that can be represented with 6 bits is 63, which is equal to 26 - 1 and results from having all 1s in the 6 bit positions, each worth powers of 2.
The document discusses exponents and the rules of exponentiation. It defines exponents, bases, and examples of exponents. It then outlines five rules of exponentiation and uses examples to illustrate each rule. It concludes by defining exponents of 0 and negative exponents.
বাংলাদেশের অর্থনৈতিক সমীক্ষা ২০২৪ [Bangladesh Economic Review 2024 Bangla.pdf] কম্পিউটার , ট্যাব ও স্মার্ট ফোন ভার্সন সহ সম্পূর্ণ বাংলা ই-বুক বা pdf বই " সুচিপত্র ...বুকমার্ক মেনু 🔖 ও হাইপার লিংক মেনু 📝👆 যুক্ত ..
আমাদের সবার জন্য খুব খুব গুরুত্বপূর্ণ একটি বই ..বিসিএস, ব্যাংক, ইউনিভার্সিটি ভর্তি ও যে কোন প্রতিযোগিতা মূলক পরীক্ষার জন্য এর খুব ইম্পরট্যান্ট একটি বিষয় ...তাছাড়া বাংলাদেশের সাম্প্রতিক যে কোন ডাটা বা তথ্য এই বইতে পাবেন ...
তাই একজন নাগরিক হিসাবে এই তথ্য গুলো আপনার জানা প্রয়োজন ...।
বিসিএস ও ব্যাংক এর লিখিত পরীক্ষা ...+এছাড়া মাধ্যমিক ও উচ্চমাধ্যমিকের স্টুডেন্টদের জন্য অনেক কাজে আসবে ...
Biological screening of herbal drugs: Introduction and Need for
Phyto-Pharmacological Screening, New Strategies for evaluating
Natural Products, In vitro evaluation techniques for Antioxidants, Antimicrobial and Anticancer drugs. In vivo evaluation techniques
for Anti-inflammatory, Antiulcer, Anticancer, Wound healing, Antidiabetic, Hepatoprotective, Cardio protective, Diuretics and
Antifertility, Toxicity studies as per OECD guidelines
Exploiting Artificial Intelligence for Empowering Researchers and Faculty, In...Dr. Vinod Kumar Kanvaria
Exploiting Artificial Intelligence for Empowering Researchers and Faculty,
International FDP on Fundamentals of Research in Social Sciences
at Integral University, Lucknow, 06.06.2024
By Dr. Vinod Kumar Kanvaria
Thinking of getting a dog? Be aware that breeds like Pit Bulls, Rottweilers, and German Shepherds can be loyal and dangerous. Proper training and socialization are crucial to preventing aggressive behaviors. Ensure safety by understanding their needs and always supervising interactions. Stay safe, and enjoy your furry friends!
A review of the growth of the Israel Genealogy Research Association Database Collection for the last 12 months. Our collection is now passed the 3 million mark and still growing. See which archives have contributed the most. See the different types of records we have, and which years have had records added. You can also see what we have for the future.
This presentation was provided by Steph Pollock of The American Psychological Association’s Journals Program, and Damita Snow, of The American Society of Civil Engineers (ASCE), for the initial session of NISO's 2024 Training Series "DEIA in the Scholarly Landscape." Session One: 'Setting Expectations: a DEIA Primer,' was held June 6, 2024.
June 3, 2024 Anti-Semitism Letter Sent to MIT President Kornbluth and MIT Cor...Levi Shapiro
Letter from the Congress of the United States regarding Anti-Semitism sent June 3rd to MIT President Sally Kornbluth, MIT Corp Chair, Mark Gorenberg
Dear Dr. Kornbluth and Mr. Gorenberg,
The US House of Representatives is deeply concerned by ongoing and pervasive acts of antisemitic
harassment and intimidation at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT). Failing to act decisively to ensure a safe learning environment for all students would be a grave dereliction of your responsibilities as President of MIT and Chair of the MIT Corporation.
This Congress will not stand idly by and allow an environment hostile to Jewish students to persist. The House believes that your institution is in violation of Title VI of the Civil Rights Act, and the inability or
unwillingness to rectify this violation through action requires accountability.
Postsecondary education is a unique opportunity for students to learn and have their ideas and beliefs challenged. However, universities receiving hundreds of millions of federal funds annually have denied
students that opportunity and have been hijacked to become venues for the promotion of terrorism, antisemitic harassment and intimidation, unlawful encampments, and in some cases, assaults and riots.
The House of Representatives will not countenance the use of federal funds to indoctrinate students into hateful, antisemitic, anti-American supporters of terrorism. Investigations into campus antisemitism by the Committee on Education and the Workforce and the Committee on Ways and Means have been expanded into a Congress-wide probe across all relevant jurisdictions to address this national crisis. The undersigned Committees will conduct oversight into the use of federal funds at MIT and its learning environment under authorities granted to each Committee.
• The Committee on Education and the Workforce has been investigating your institution since December 7, 2023. The Committee has broad jurisdiction over postsecondary education, including its compliance with Title VI of the Civil Rights Act, campus safety concerns over disruptions to the learning environment, and the awarding of federal student aid under the Higher Education Act.
• The Committee on Oversight and Accountability is investigating the sources of funding and other support flowing to groups espousing pro-Hamas propaganda and engaged in antisemitic harassment and intimidation of students. The Committee on Oversight and Accountability is the principal oversight committee of the US House of Representatives and has broad authority to investigate “any matter” at “any time” under House Rule X.
• The Committee on Ways and Means has been investigating several universities since November 15, 2023, when the Committee held a hearing entitled From Ivory Towers to Dark Corners: Investigating the Nexus Between Antisemitism, Tax-Exempt Universities, and Terror Financing. The Committee followed the hearing with letters to those institutions on January 10, 202
A Strategic Approach: GenAI in EducationPeter Windle
Artificial Intelligence (AI) technologies such as Generative AI, Image Generators and Large Language Models have had a dramatic impact on teaching, learning and assessment over the past 18 months. The most immediate threat AI posed was to Academic Integrity with Higher Education Institutes (HEIs) focusing their efforts on combating the use of GenAI in assessment. Guidelines were developed for staff and students, policies put in place too. Innovative educators have forged paths in the use of Generative AI for teaching, learning and assessments leading to pockets of transformation springing up across HEIs, often with little or no top-down guidance, support or direction.
This Gasta posits a strategic approach to integrating AI into HEIs to prepare staff, students and the curriculum for an evolving world and workplace. We will highlight the advantages of working with these technologies beyond the realm of teaching, learning and assessment by considering prompt engineering skills, industry impact, curriculum changes, and the need for staff upskilling. In contrast, not engaging strategically with Generative AI poses risks, including falling behind peers, missed opportunities and failing to ensure our graduates remain employable. The rapid evolution of AI technologies necessitates a proactive and strategic approach if we are to remain relevant.
21. 10110100101011010100101010111010101111011011101111011101110111101110111011110111111010110100101011110110110101111011010100111111011010100110101001
Binary to Hexadecimal Conversion
Here’s an example of binary to hexadecimal conversion: Decimal Binary Hexadecimal
Leading 0s are added to 0 0000 0
make the leftmost part into 1 0001 1
1101100110101.101010011
a 4 digit binary number 2 0010 2
3 0011 3
1 1011 0011 0101 . 1010 1001 1 4 0100 4
0001 1011 0011 0101 . 1010 1001 1 5 0101 5
6 0110 6
7 0111 7
8 1000 8
9 1001 9
10 1010 A
11 1011 B
12 1100 C
13 1101 D
14 1110 E
15 1111 F
MATH1003