The document discusses different types of masks and their effectiveness against COVID-19. It describes surgical masks, N95 respirator masks, activated carbon masks, and cloth/sponge masks. Surgical masks help prevent large droplets but have gaps that allow viruses to enter. N95 respirators filter 95% of particles and are more effective, while activated carbon masks can filter some viruses but not very effectively. Cloth masks provide some protection but are less effective than other options. The document recommends masks for those with symptoms, at high risk, healthcare workers, and around infected individuals.

1. MASK
Presented by:
VIJAYARADDI VANDALI
PhD Scholar (N),M.Sc.(N), PGDHA, PGCDE, Dip in Psy.
Faculty, ESIC College of Nursing
Kalaburagi, India.

2. Introduction
What the world is dealing with right now is a new type of coronavirus
known as COVID-19. The technical term of the virus is SARS-CoV-2
and no one clearly knows what led to its emergence. The virus was first
detected in 2019 in China with symptoms such as fever, cough and
difficulty in breathing.
It is high time people came to know that COVID-19 and coronavirus are
not the same. While coronavirus is an umbrella term, COVID-9 is just a
part of it. Coronavirus is actually a family of virus which already exists
in the world and is known to cause diseases in humans. The entire
family of coronaviruses is called Coronaviridae and some of them also
cause minor diseases, such as common cold.

3. Contd….
• A disease is termed as a pandemic when it spreads all over
the globe and in most countries of the world. COVID-19 was
declared as a pandemic by WHO (World Health
Organization) after its spread was confirmed in more than
100 countries

6. Introduction of MASK
The official word on face masks
Since the start of the coronavirus outbreak, the official advice
from the World Health Organization has been that only two
types of people should wear masks: those who are sick and
show symptoms, and those who are caring for people who are
suspected to have the coronavirus

7. DEFINITION OF MASK
• A mask is an object normally worn on the face, typically
for protection, disguise, performance, or entertainment. Masks have
been used since antiquity for both ceremonial and practical purposes,
as well as in the performing arts and for entertainment. They are
usually worn on the face, although they may also be positioned for
effect elsewhere on the wearer's body.
• More generally in art history, especially sculpture, "mask" is the term
for a face without a body that is not modelled in the round (which
would make it a "head"), but for example appears in low relief.

8. History of MASK
• The use of masks in rituals or ceremonies is a very ancient
human practice across the world,[4] although masks can also
be worn for protection, in hunting, in sports, in feasts, or in
wars – or simply used as ornamentation.[5] Some ceremonial
or decorative masks were not designed to be worn. Although
the religious use of masks has waned, masks are used
sometimes in drama therapy or psychotherapy.

9. 4 types of common mask and if they help protect you from
coronavirus

10. 1.SURGICAL MASKS
• The most commonly available form of masks in the market, surgical
masks are the ones which are slightly loose-fitted around the mouth
and used to protect a person against large splashes of droplets, water,
sprays and used in medical facilities. Since they are so popular and
cost-effective, they also come in a variety of sizes, colours and types.
• While they do cover your mouth, surgical masks can't really protect
you from catching or transmitting the coronavirus or any such microbe
in the air, since it has loose gaps which can help the germs crawl in.
• That being said, a high-grade surgical mask can stop the transmission
of different kinds of viruses (up to 80-90%), especially if used by a
person who is sick.

12. N95 RESPIRATOR MASKS
• These are again widely being used right now to lessen the spread of
coronavirus. It's slightly more tight-fitted and vague looking, making it
a better alternative to surgical masks. Masks with N95 rating filter
95% of particles 0.3 microns or larger in diameter, roughly the size of
a single virus and include PM 2.5. Some masks also have an
attachment called the exhalation valve, which can filter out humidity
build-up. They also work drastically better in filtering out and
stopping pollutants, viruses and bacteria from entering the mouth or
nasal passageway, with an efficacy of 95%.
• However, they are also slightly more expensive, costing-wise. Plus,
N95 masks need to be fitted and tested beforehand so as to make it
effectively work

14. ACTIVATED CARBON MASKS
• As the name suggests, these masks contain an activated carbon filter,
which help collect and filter out the pollutants and germs and breathe
in purer air. Studies also say that carbon filters present in the mask
may even improve your lung capacity and respiratory muscles, making
it a good buy if you live in an extremely polluted city.
• That being said, these masks work very well in fighting pollution and
tiny particles like bacteria and fungi which spread through the air we
breathe in, and thereby, prevent allergies. However, they do not work
exceptionally well in fighting or preventing viruses like COVID-19
from coming in contact. They can only trap a minuscule number of
viruses (10-20%) and hence, may not be the best choice right now.

15. ACTIVATED CARBON MASKS

16. CLOTH AND SPONGE MASKS
Over the recent weeks, with an acute shortage of masks supply in
the market and lack of protective gear available, many are turning to
homemade masks made out of different fabrics like cloth or sponge.
While homemade masks do not match the effectiveness, they are better
than having nothing on hand to fight the spread of germs, especially
during a pandemic situation like this.
Simply put, homemade masks offer LESSER protection than
surgical or respirator masks. However, as the CDC guidelines read, they
can help a person keep the face area clean and prevent the spread of
nasty germs and other contagious viruses. Sanitization and disinfecting
are crucial steps which can prevent and stop the spread of corona.

17. CLOTH AND SPONGE MASKS

18. RESPIRATOR
A respirator is a device designed to protect the wearer from inhaling
hazardous atmospheres, including fumes, vapours, gases and particulate
matter such as dusts and airborne microorganisms. There are two main
categories: the air-purifying respirator, in which respirable air is
obtained by filtering a contaminated atmosphere, and the air-supplied
respirator, in which an alternate supply of breathable air is delivered.
Within each category, different techniques are employed to reduce or
eliminate noxious airborne contaminants.
Air-purifying respirators range from relatively inexpensive single-use,
disposable face masks sometimes referred to as a dust mask to more
robust reusable models with replaceable cartridges often called a gas
mask.

21. Who should be wearing a mask?
• The Centres of Disease Control and Prevention recommends that
masks and protective gear be only worn by people in four categories:
• If you show symptoms of a flu
• If you belong to a high-risk category
• (chronic illnesses, underlying medical conditions) and go out.
• Healthcare professional
-Or around someone who is affected.

22. Use of mask in risk areas: Hospital near

23. Side effects of using Masks
• Discomfort
• Feeling dyspneic
• Skin lesions
• Pain
• Redness on skin
• Skin diseases
• etc

24. Advantages of masks use
• Can prevent airborne diseases
• Prevent polluted air to enter body
• Prevent viruses/bacterias to enter body
• Reduce the rate of morbidity and mortality in pandemic situations

25. Research on use of masks
• Many research has been proven that use masks can able to prevent
effectively spread of airborne diseases such as
• COVID-19,
• SARS,
• EBOLA
• Tuberculosis
• etc

26. References
• https://www.bbc.com/news/world-52015486
• https://www.hopkinsmedicine.org
• https://en.wikipedia.org/
• https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/
Prepared on 8-7-2020