This document discusses different types of protective face masks and gear. It defines masks as barriers that cover the nose and mouth to protect from airborne particles. The main types discussed are basic cloth masks, surgical masks, respirators like N95 masks, and full face shields. It provides details on what each type filters out and their proper use to protect wearers during the COVID-19 pandemic. Risks of improper use are also summarized.
In medicine, a nebuliser or nebulizer (see spelling differences) is a drug delivery device used to administer medication in the form of a mist inhaled into the lungs. Nebulizers are commonly used for the treatment of cystic fibrosis, asthma, COPD and other respiratory diseases.
In medicine, a nebuliser or nebulizer (see spelling differences) is a drug delivery device used to administer medication in the form of a mist inhaled into the lungs. Nebulizers are commonly used for the treatment of cystic fibrosis, asthma, COPD and other respiratory diseases.
in this topic the technique of chest physiotherapy, indications, contradications of chest physiotherapy are explained. different positions used in postural drainage are briefed.
in this topic the technique of chest physiotherapy, indications, contradications of chest physiotherapy are explained. different positions used in postural drainage are briefed.
The Attire -located in Gurgaon is a garment export firm , manufacturer of organic kids and womens wear .To fight with COVID 19 , We have made organic fabric face mask which are washable and reusable .Please contact us
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Which Types of Face Mask Gives Protection from COVID-19CBD Armour
Face Mask is intended to be worn by health professionals during healthcare procedures. While most COVID-19 cases reported, you might have come across the term "mask," "face mask," "surgical mask," and the likes. Surgical grade N95 respirators offer highest level of protection against COVID infection
Masks play very important role in avoiding the spread of Covid-19.
Wearing masks improperly will lead to infection.
There are many types of masks, choosing a mask is so confusing.
Which is the best type of mask to use in Covid-19.
Guidance for the selection and use of personal protective equipmentSurya Prajapat
It tells about components of PPE kit and their specifications and how to don and remove the PPE Kit. This presentation also tells about the sequence to don and remove the PPE
A quick document on what you need to know about face masks in response to the COVID-19 pandemic - how to use and maintain them, ways of preparing a mask at home, steps & precautions, and a little more useful information revolving around masks.
Due to shortage of PPE in this covid 19 crisis we have to priortize our use of PPEs. also precautions to be taken while handling covid 19 suspect/patient.
India Clinical Trials Market: Industry Size and Growth Trends [2030] Analyzed...Kumar Satyam
According to TechSci Research report, "India Clinical Trials Market- By Region, Competition, Forecast & Opportunities, 2030F," the India Clinical Trials Market was valued at USD 2.05 billion in 2024 and is projected to grow at a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 8.64% through 2030. The market is driven by a variety of factors, making India an attractive destination for pharmaceutical companies and researchers. India's vast and diverse patient population, cost-effective operational environment, and a large pool of skilled medical professionals contribute significantly to the market's growth. Additionally, increasing government support in streamlining regulations and the growing prevalence of lifestyle diseases further propel the clinical trials market.
Growing Prevalence of Lifestyle Diseases
The rising incidence of lifestyle diseases such as diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, and cancer is a major trend driving the clinical trials market in India. These conditions necessitate the development and testing of new treatment methods, creating a robust demand for clinical trials. The increasing burden of these diseases highlights the need for innovative therapies and underscores the importance of India as a key player in global clinical research.
Defecation
Normal defecation begins with movement in the left colon, moving stool toward the anus. When stool reaches the rectum, the distention causes relaxation of the internal sphincter and an awareness of the need to defecate. At the time of defecation, the external sphincter relaxes, and abdominal muscles contract, increasing intrarectal pressure and forcing the stool out
The Valsalva maneuver exerts pressure to expel faeces through a voluntary contraction of the abdominal muscles while maintaining forced expiration against a closed airway. Patients with cardiovascular disease, glaucoma, increased intracranial pressure, or a new surgical wound are at greater risk for cardiac dysrhythmias and elevated blood pressure with the Valsalva maneuver and need to avoid straining to pass the stool.
Normal defecation is painless, resulting in passage of soft, formed stool
CONSTIPATION
Constipation is a symptom, not a disease. Improper diet, reduced fluid intake, lack of exercise, and certain medications can cause constipation. For example, patients receiving opiates for pain after surgery often require a stool softener or laxative to prevent constipation. The signs of constipation include infrequent bowel movements (less than every 3 days), difficulty passing stools, excessive straining, inability to defecate at will, and hard feaces
IMPACTION
Fecal impaction results from unrelieved constipation. It is a collection of hardened feces wedged in the rectum that a person cannot expel. In cases of severe impaction the mass extends up into the sigmoid colon.
DIARRHEA
Diarrhea is an increase in the number of stools and the passage of liquid, unformed feces. It is associated with disorders affecting digestion, absorption, and secretion in the GI tract. Intestinal contents pass through the small and large intestine too quickly to allow for the usual absorption of fluid and nutrients. Irritation within the colon results in increased mucus secretion. As a result, feces become watery, and the patient is unable to control the urge to defecate. Normally an anal bag is safe and effective in long-term treatment of patients with fecal incontinence at home, in hospice, or in the hospital. Fecal incontinence is expensive and a potentially dangerous condition in terms of contamination and risk of skin ulceration
HEMORRHOIDS
Hemorrhoids are dilated, engorged veins in the lining of the rectum. They are either external or internal.
FLATULENCE
As gas accumulates in the lumen of the intestines, the bowel wall stretches and distends (flatulence). It is a common cause of abdominal fullness, pain, and cramping. Normally intestinal gas escapes through the mouth (belching) or the anus (passing of flatus)
FECAL INCONTINENCE
Fecal incontinence is the inability to control passage of feces and gas from the anus. Incontinence harms a patient’s body image
PREPARATION AND GIVING OF LAXATIVESACCORDING TO POTTER AND PERRY,
An enema is the instillation of a solution into the rectum and sig
One of the most developed cities of India, the city of Chennai is the capital of Tamilnadu and many people from different parts of India come here to earn their bread and butter. Being a metropolitan, the city is filled with towering building and beaches but the sad part as with almost every Indian city
Leading the Way in Nephrology: Dr. David Greene's Work with Stem Cells for Ki...Dr. David Greene Arizona
As we watch Dr. Greene's continued efforts and research in Arizona, it's clear that stem cell therapy holds a promising key to unlocking new doors in the treatment of kidney disease. With each study and trial, we step closer to a world where kidney disease is no longer a life sentence but a treatable condition, thanks to pioneers like Dr. David Greene.
ICH Guidelines for Pharmacovigilance.pdfNEHA GUPTA
The "ICH Guidelines for Pharmacovigilance" PDF provides a comprehensive overview of the International Council for Harmonisation of Technical Requirements for Pharmaceuticals for Human Use (ICH) guidelines related to pharmacovigilance. These guidelines aim to ensure that drugs are safe and effective for patients by monitoring and assessing adverse effects, ensuring proper reporting systems, and improving risk management practices. The document is essential for professionals in the pharmaceutical industry, regulatory authorities, and healthcare providers, offering detailed procedures and standards for pharmacovigilance activities to enhance drug safety and protect public health.
Global launch of the Healthy Ageing and Prevention Index 2nd wave – alongside...ILC- UK
The Healthy Ageing and Prevention Index is an online tool created by ILC that ranks countries on six metrics including, life span, health span, work span, income, environmental performance, and happiness. The Index helps us understand how well countries have adapted to longevity and inform decision makers on what must be done to maximise the economic benefits that comes with living well for longer.
Alongside the 77th World Health Assembly in Geneva on 28 May 2024, we launched the second version of our Index, allowing us to track progress and give new insights into what needs to be done to keep populations healthier for longer.
The speakers included:
Professor Orazio Schillaci, Minister of Health, Italy
Dr Hans Groth, Chairman of the Board, World Demographic & Ageing Forum
Professor Ilona Kickbusch, Founder and Chair, Global Health Centre, Geneva Graduate Institute and co-chair, World Health Summit Council
Dr Natasha Azzopardi Muscat, Director, Country Health Policies and Systems Division, World Health Organisation EURO
Dr Marta Lomazzi, Executive Manager, World Federation of Public Health Associations
Dr Shyam Bishen, Head, Centre for Health and Healthcare and Member of the Executive Committee, World Economic Forum
Dr Karin Tegmark Wisell, Director General, Public Health Agency of Sweden
Antibiotic Stewardship by Anushri Srivastava.pptxAnushriSrivastav
Stewardship is the act of taking good care of something.
Antimicrobial stewardship is a coordinated program that promotes the appropriate use of antimicrobials (including antibiotics), improves patient outcomes, reduces microbial resistance, and decreases the spread of infections caused by multidrug-resistant organisms.
WHO launched the Global Antimicrobial Resistance and Use Surveillance System (GLASS) in 2015 to fill knowledge gaps and inform strategies at all levels.
ACCORDING TO apic.org,
Antimicrobial stewardship is a coordinated program that promotes the appropriate use of antimicrobials (including antibiotics), improves patient outcomes, reduces microbial resistance, and decreases the spread of infections caused by multidrug-resistant organisms.
ACCORDING TO pewtrusts.org,
Antibiotic stewardship refers to efforts in doctors’ offices, hospitals, long term care facilities, and other health care settings to ensure that antibiotics are used only when necessary and appropriate
According to WHO,
Antimicrobial stewardship is a systematic approach to educate and support health care professionals to follow evidence-based guidelines for prescribing and administering antimicrobials
In 1996, John McGowan and Dale Gerding first applied the term antimicrobial stewardship, where they suggested a causal association between antimicrobial agent use and resistance. They also focused on the urgency of large-scale controlled trials of antimicrobial-use regulation employing sophisticated epidemiologic methods, molecular typing, and precise resistance mechanism analysis.
Antimicrobial Stewardship(AMS) refers to the optimal selection, dosing, and duration of antimicrobial treatment resulting in the best clinical outcome with minimal side effects to the patients and minimal impact on subsequent resistance.
According to the 2019 report, in the US, more than 2.8 million antibiotic-resistant infections occur each year, and more than 35000 people die. In addition to this, it also mentioned that 223,900 cases of Clostridoides difficile occurred in 2017, of which 12800 people died. The report did not include viruses or parasites
VISION
Being proactive
Supporting optimal animal and human health
Exploring ways to reduce overall use of antimicrobials
Using the drugs that prevent and treat disease by killing microscopic organisms in a responsible way
GOAL
to prevent the generation and spread of antimicrobial resistance (AMR). Doing so will preserve the effectiveness of these drugs in animals and humans for years to come.
being to preserve human and animal health and the effectiveness of antimicrobial medications.
to implement a multidisciplinary approach in assembling a stewardship team to include an infectious disease physician, a clinical pharmacist with infectious diseases training, infection preventionist, and a close collaboration with the staff in the clinical microbiology laboratory
to prevent antimicrobial overuse, misuse and abuse.
to minimize the developme
Empowering ACOs: Leveraging Quality Management Tools for MIPS and BeyondHealth Catalyst
Join us as we delve into the crucial realm of quality reporting for MSSP (Medicare Shared Savings Program) Accountable Care Organizations (ACOs).
In this session, we will explore how a robust quality management solution can empower your organization to meet regulatory requirements and improve processes for MIPS reporting and internal quality programs. Learn how our MeasureAble application enables compliance and fosters continuous improvement.
1. MASK
YOUR PROTECTING GEAR
Dr. Toral Desai
Assistant Professor
Shree Ramkrishna Institute of Computer Education and Applied Sciences, Surat
2. What is Mask?
• A cover or partial cover for the face used for
disguise
• A physical barrier between the mouth and nose
of the wearer and potential contaminants in the
immediate environment
• Personal protective equipment that are used to
protect the wearer from airborne particles and
from liquid contaminating the face (FDA)
4. Other than these:
• Self-contained breathing apparatus
• Full face respirator
• Full length face shield
• Powered air-purifying respirators (PAPRs)
with HEPA filters (high-efficiency particulate
air filters)
• An ultra-low penetrating air filter (ULPA)
5. Basic cloth face mask (Community mask)
• Standard, everyday version of a face mask
• Made from various types of material-cotton,
sponge, nonwoven material, khadi etc.
• May be two or three ply
• One can wear this type of face mask while
going to any open public place
• Better than having nothing on hand to fight
the spread of germs, especially during a
pandemic situation
6. • Cloth and sponge masks filter out about 50% of
bacteria and dust pollutants
• How effectively they work in fighting viruses is still
under study
• Version recommended for public use in the midst of
COVID-19
7. Surgical Face Mask (medical face mask or
procedure mask)
• Disposable device-not intended to be used more than once
• Covers not just their nose and mouth, but also their cheeks
• Block large-particle droplets, splashes, sprays, or splatter
that may contain germs (viruses and bacteria)
• Surgical masks may also help reduce exposure of your
saliva and respiratory secretions to others
• Do not provide complete protection from germs and other
contaminants because of the loose fit between the surface
of the mask and your face
8.
9. Respirator
• A personal protective device that is worn on the face or head
and covers at least the nose and mouth
• Used to reduce the wearer’s risk of inhaling hazardous
airborne particles, gases or vapours
• Respirators, including those intended for use in healthcare
settings, are certified by the health care agencies
• Respirators that filter out at least 95% of airborne particles
during “worse case” testing using a “most-penetrating”
sized particle are given a 95 rating
• That filter out at least 99% receive a “99” rating
• That filter at least 99.97% (essentially 100%) receive a
“100” rating
10. • Rated as N, R, or P for protection against oils
• Rated “N,” if they are Not resistant to oil
• “R” if somewhat Resistant to oil
• “P” if strongly resistant (oil Proof)
• Nine types of disposable particulate respirators:
• N-95, N-99, and N-100
• R-95, R-99, and R-100
• P-95, P-99, and P-100
11. N95 Respirator
• Blocks at least 95 % of very small (0.3
micron) test particles (roughly the size of a
single virus)
• Disposable particulate respirators
• Protect only against particles—not gases or
vapours
• Biological agents such as bacteria or viruses
are particles, they can be filtered
• Designed to achieve a very close facial fit and
very efficient filtration of airborne particles
12. • Edges of the respirator are designed to form a
seal around the nose and mouth (Can generate
negative pressure)
• Some models have exhalation valves that can
make breathing out easier and help reduce heat
build-up
• N95 respirators are not designed for children
or people with facial hair
• Consists of multiple layers of nonwoven
fabric, often made from polypropylene (Five
layers)
13.
14. KN95 respirator (Chinese standard)
• Very similar to N95 masks
• Both capture about 95% of particles in the air
Full length face shield
A flimsier, plastic version of the glass
Covers the entire face from forehead to chin and
secures with a cushioned headband
16. Gas mask:
A gas mask is a mask used to protect the wearer
from inhaling airborne pollutants and toxic gases
17. Appropriate use of face masks is important
• Should completely cover the face from the bridge of
the nose down to the chin
• Clean hands with soap and water or alcohol-based
hand sanitizer before putting on and taking off the
face mask
• Remove it from behind, avoiding to touch the front
side
• Dispose the face mask safely if it is disposable in
closed container
• Wash your hands or apply alcohol-based hand
sanitizer immediately after removing the face mask
• Washable, reusable face should be washed as soon as
possible after each use, using common detergent at 60
°C
18. Likely disadvantages of using masks
• Risk of self contamination
• Headache and/or breathing difficulties
• Increased chances of facial skin lesions
• Difficulty communicating for deaf persons
• A false sense of security
• Poor compliance with mask wearing
• Waste management issues
