Markings on bones, periosteum and endosteum
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The surfaces of bones are marked by various projections, depressions, and perforations that serve functional purposes. Projections may be for muscle or ligament attachments, while depressions form joints between bones. Perforations allow passage of blood vessels and nerves. The outer surface of bones is covered by periosteum, a fibrous membrane important for bone growth, nutrition, and regeneration. The inner surface is lined by endosteum tissue within marrow cavities.
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www.facebook.com/drraiammar
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BLOOD SUPPLY
COMPOSITION OF BONE
FRACTURE HEALING
CARTILAGE
TYPES OF CARTILAGE
BONE (syn – Os; Osteon)
Osseous tissue, a specialised form of dense connective
tissue consisting of bone cells (osteocytes)
Embedded in a matrix of calcified intercelluar
substance
Bone matrix contains collagen fibres and the minerals
calcium phosphate and calcium carbonate
Alveolar bone i
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Alveolar bone of Human with its clinical considerations
Aloveolar bone, ossification, age changes, clinical considerations
SWERNY SKELETAL 1.pdf
Bones provide structure, protect organs, allow movement, and store minerals. There are several bone types classified by shape. Long bones have a shaft and two ends, while short, flat, and irregular bones vary in shape. Bone tissue contains cells, water, collagen fibers, and minerals. Growth and remodeling is regulated by hormones and nutrients. Bones develop from cartilage templates in a multi-step process beginning before birth and continuing into early adulthood.
BONE 2022.pptx
The skeletal system includes bones, cartilages, joints, and ligaments. Bones are composed of inorganic hydroxyapatite and collagen fibers. The skeletal system provides structure, movement, protection, mineral storage, blood cell formation, and energy storage. Bones can be classified based on their shape (long, short, flat, irregular), structure (cortical vs spongy bone), development (membranous, cartilaginous), and location in the body (axial vs appendicular skeleton). Key bones and structures of the skeletal system are described.
ALVEOLAR BONE-Dr.Mary Joseph.pptx
The document discusses the anatomy and function of alveolar bone. It defines alveolar bone as the part of the maxilla or mandible that supports and protects the teeth. It develops during fetal life and eruption of teeth. The alveolar bone consists of cortical plates and cancellous trabeculae that provide support. Osteoblasts, osteocytes, and osteoclasts maintain the bone through formation and resorption. The alveolar bone anchors teeth, absorbs forces, and supplies vessels to supporting tissues. Loss of alveolar bone can occur in periodontal disease.
ppt anatomy.pptx
Bone is a living tissue that provides structure, protection, and movement. There are two types of bone formation: intramembranous, where bone forms within connective tissue, and endochondral, where bone replaces cartilage. Bones are composed of cells, organic components like collagen, and inorganic minerals. Bone tissue is continuously remodeled through the actions of osteoblasts which form bone and osteoclasts which resorb bone. Bones adapt and change their structure in response to mechanical stresses through Wolff's law.
Introduction to Skeletal system oh human
This document provides an overview of bone anatomy and functions. It begins by stating the intended learning outcomes, which are to enumerate bone functions, classify bones by shape and development, and identify axial bones and their functions. It then defines bone, discusses the functions of bone including support, protection, and serving as levers. It classifies bones by microscopic structure, development, and shape. Finally, it provides details on the anatomy of long bones and identifies major bones of the skull, vertebral column, and thoracic cage.
Gross structure of adult long bone
The skeletal system has several important functions:
1. It provides structure and support for the body, protects internal organs, and allows for movement through muscle attachment points.
2. Bones store minerals like calcium and aid in mineral homeostasis. Certain bones also produce blood cells.
3. The skeletal system is composed of bones, cartilage, ligaments, and tendons. Bones are living tissues with osteogenic cells, osteoblasts, osteocytes, and osteoclasts. They have an extracellular matrix containing collagen and minerals like hydroxyapatite.
Similar to Markings on bones, periosteum and endosteum (20)
Alveolar bone of Human with its clinical considerations
Alveolar bone of Human with its clinical considerations
Markings on bones, periosteum and endosteum
- 1. Markings on Bones, Periosteum and Endosteum Anatomy for Students of Physiotherapy and Occupational therapy Rohana Perera
- 2. BASIC STRUCTURES The Skeleton Bones Markings on Bones The surfaces of bones are marked by various projections, depressions and perforations, each of which has some significance. Projections and depressions may be articular i.e. taking part in the formation of joints, or they may mark the attachments of muscles, tendons, ligaments. Perforations may serve as passageways for blood vessels and nerves.
- 3. BASIC STRUCTURES The Skeleton Bones Anatomical Designation Description Examples Line Faint linear elevation Nuchal lines of occipital bone Ridge Sharp linear elevation Supracondylar ridges Crest Prominent linear elevation Iliac crest 1. Projections or elevations - 1.1 Linear elevations
- 4. BASIC STRUCTURES The Skeleton Bones Anatomical Designation Description Examples Tubercle Blunt, slightly raised Conoid tubercle of clavicle Protuberence Prominent Occipital protuberences Tuberosity medium Rough and prominent Tuberosities of humerus Malleolus Larger Medial and Lateral Malleoli Trochanter Largest Trochanters of femur 1.Projections or elevations - 1.2 Rounded / quadrangular elevations
- 5. BASIC STRUCTURES The Skeleton Bones Anatomical Designation Description Examples Spine Pointed bony projections Vertebral spines Styloid Radial styloid 1.Projections or elevations - 1.3 Sharp elevation
- 6. BASIC STRUCTURES The Skeleton Bones Anatomical Designation Description Examples Head Enlarged, rounded Head of humerus / femur Condyle Knuckle-like Condyles of Femur Epicondyle Non-articular prominence Upon a condyle Epicondyles of -humerus/femur 1. Projections or elevations - 1.4 Expanded articular ends
- 7. BASIC STRUCTURES The Skeleton Bones Anatomical Designation Description Examples Ramus Broad arm or process that projects from the main part or body of the bone. Ramus of mandible Facets Small flat regions Facets on head of rib 2. Flat areas for articulations Or ligament attachments
- 8. BASIC STRUCTURES The Skeleton Bones Anatomical Designation Description Examples Fovea Shallow concavity Articular fovea on the radial head Cavity, Fossa Obvious concavity Glenoid fossa, subscapular fossa Sulcus, Groove Linear depression Bicipital groove of humerus Notch, Incisura Deep concave border Sciatic notches 3. Depressions
- 9. BASIC STRUCTURES The Skeleton Bones Anatomical Designation Description Examples Fissure Narrow, cleftlike Superior orbital fissure Foramen Hole Foramen magnum Canal Tubular passage Carotid canal of temporal bone Meatus External / internal acoustic meatus 4. Perforations (Openings)
- 10. BASIC STRUCTURES The Skeleton Periosteum Periosteum The external surface of bones, other than at the joint surfaces, is covered with a highly vascular, fibrous membrane, called periosteum. It maintains its connection with the underlying compact bone by means of direct continuation of its fibers, called Sharpey’s fibers. Periosteum is composed of two layers, an outer dense fibrous connective tissue layer and an inner loosely arranged osteogenic, or bone producing layer. This membrane is of great importance: 1. during development and growth of bones, 2. in adult life, for the nutrition of the underlying bony tissue, 3. for regeneration of bones following fractures. Periosteum also serves as a means of attachment of muscles, tendons, and ligaments to the bones.
- 11. BASIC STRUCTURES The Skeleton Endosteum Endosteum A thin layer of connective tissue called endosteum, lines the marrow cavities. In cancellous bone the marrow cavities (sinusoids) are thin walled, capillary like spaces, which are lined with retculoendothelial cells, surrounded by various developmental stages of red and white blood cells.