The document summarizes the process of manufacturing bricks which involves four main steps: 1) preparation of clay by cleaning, weathering, blending and tempering the clay; 2) molding the clay into bricks by hand or machine; 3) drying the molded bricks naturally or artificially; and 4) burning the dried bricks in clamps, intermittent kilns or continuous kilns like bull's trench kilns or Hoffman's kilns to harden them. The burning process ensures the bricks gain strength and hardness at around 1100°C.
Information soil bricks/Best Brick Production MethodsBricks Machines
Manufacture of bricks is generally a good business. a successful brick manufacturing business has three main items:1. the correct type of clay soil should be available in quantities required .2. a good production factory consisting of good quality robust machinery and an energy efficient drying and firing process. 3- a good market for the products. besides the above sound technical and managerial ability to manage the production process is essential. after sales support for the machinery is another asset .*QUALITY IS A TRADITION AT HAMGAM SANAT*.
Stabilized mud block (SMB) or pressed earth block is a building material made primarily from damp soil compressed at high pressure to form blocks. If the blocks are stabilized with a chemical binder such as Portland cement they are called compressed stabilized earth block (CSEB) or stabilized earth block (SEB).
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Information soil bricks/Best Brick Production MethodsBricks Machines
Manufacture of bricks is generally a good business. a successful brick manufacturing business has three main items:1. the correct type of clay soil should be available in quantities required .2. a good production factory consisting of good quality robust machinery and an energy efficient drying and firing process. 3- a good market for the products. besides the above sound technical and managerial ability to manage the production process is essential. after sales support for the machinery is another asset .*QUALITY IS A TRADITION AT HAMGAM SANAT*.
Stabilized mud block (SMB) or pressed earth block is a building material made primarily from damp soil compressed at high pressure to form blocks. If the blocks are stabilized with a chemical binder such as Portland cement they are called compressed stabilized earth block (CSEB) or stabilized earth block (SEB).
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This presentation is prepared by Danbam
(KKKM2833 Manufacturing Processes)
Department of Mechanical & Manufacturing Engineering
Faculty of Engineering & Built Environment
The National University of Malaysia
Cement Concrete Building Construction & Management(bcm)-IV semSakshi Srivastava
A short on Cement Concrete covering topics like properties of cement, composition of cement, proportioning of concrete, workability, types of cement,procedure of application,cure of concrete.
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology.
Its all about the new environment friendly bricks that are now in more demand as compared to clay bricks. So how its useful and what it contains is explained here.
What is pointing?
Scope of pointing
Method of pointing
What is plastering?
Objective of plastering
Lime plaster
Cement plaster
Gypsum plaster (plaster of Paris)
Water proof plaster of Mortar
Heat resistant plasters
Defects in plastering
1.Stretcher bond
2.Header bond
3.English bond and
4.Flemish bond.
Physical and mechanical properties of composite brick from cement mortar, fly...eSAT Journals
Abstract Responding to the need of minimizing the extraction of natural resources like sand and lime, this study attempted to use industrial wastes such as fly ash and rubber crumbs as substitute materials in making composite brick. A composite brick was produced by varying the rubber crumbs composition, as sand substitute in the mixture, from 1030 wt.% relative to total aggregate weight. Fly ash, 20 wt.% relative to cement and fly ash weight, was used as binder substitute. After 28 days of curing, composite brick was tested in terms of compressive strength, density and water absorption capacity. Compressive test showed that the brick can only be used in less impacted area considering that it does not meet the minimum standard to be considered as substitute to the commercially available brick. A decreasing trend of its compressive strength is observed as the amount of rubber crumbs increases from 10 to 30% of the total aggregate weight. The addition of light rubber crumbs and fly ash desirably decrease the density of the composite brick when compared to those commercially sold in the market. Water absorption test revealed that the produced composite brick is more efficient in minimizing water absorption. This study demonstrated that composite brick can be made using industrial wastes as substitute for aggregate and binder, with huge implication in brick concrete making. Keywords: Composite brick, rubber crumbs, fly ash, and concrete brick
Plastering Process (Cement/Masonry/Finishing Layer)Zelkhan
Plastering process which involve plastering on brick walls. This paper explains the mono plastering process which involve only 1 layer of plaster, rather than the usual 3 layer of plaster.
If you find these presentation to be beneficial, I would like to welcome you to donate, and support my work in Cement & Concrete Industry. Donation can be made using the following currency/medium:
Bitcoin Address: 36rb4YnbDZsXcCu7i1aXRVvy31j3GoM9YY
EgoPay: elkhana2u@gmail.com
Perfect Money: U6071834 (USD)
Thanks.
one of the important activities in construction work is brickwork. this presentation gives a brief outlook of brickwork masonry and plastering and waterproofing.
Brickwork & Plastering are two important aspect of construction process. What are the methods to be followed during brick work & plastering & what are the important materials.
Agrawal Construction Company was established by Er. Sanjeev Agrawal and now the company is the Best Construction Company in Bhopal. 3 BHK Apartment in Bhopal and spacious 4 BHK Apartment in Bhopal. It is consistently providing luxurious Duplex in Bhopal, flats in Bhopal , home in Bhopal,lavish villa in Bhopal and commercial property for sale in the various prime location of Bhopalsuch as Ayodhya Bypass Road, Hoshangabad Road, Kolar Road, Katara Hills and Airport Road Bhopal with good options of property for sale in Bhopal
This presentation is prepared by Danbam
(KKKM2833 Manufacturing Processes)
Department of Mechanical & Manufacturing Engineering
Faculty of Engineering & Built Environment
The National University of Malaysia
Cement Concrete Building Construction & Management(bcm)-IV semSakshi Srivastava
A short on Cement Concrete covering topics like properties of cement, composition of cement, proportioning of concrete, workability, types of cement,procedure of application,cure of concrete.
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology.
Its all about the new environment friendly bricks that are now in more demand as compared to clay bricks. So how its useful and what it contains is explained here.
What is pointing?
Scope of pointing
Method of pointing
What is plastering?
Objective of plastering
Lime plaster
Cement plaster
Gypsum plaster (plaster of Paris)
Water proof plaster of Mortar
Heat resistant plasters
Defects in plastering
1.Stretcher bond
2.Header bond
3.English bond and
4.Flemish bond.
Physical and mechanical properties of composite brick from cement mortar, fly...eSAT Journals
Abstract Responding to the need of minimizing the extraction of natural resources like sand and lime, this study attempted to use industrial wastes such as fly ash and rubber crumbs as substitute materials in making composite brick. A composite brick was produced by varying the rubber crumbs composition, as sand substitute in the mixture, from 1030 wt.% relative to total aggregate weight. Fly ash, 20 wt.% relative to cement and fly ash weight, was used as binder substitute. After 28 days of curing, composite brick was tested in terms of compressive strength, density and water absorption capacity. Compressive test showed that the brick can only be used in less impacted area considering that it does not meet the minimum standard to be considered as substitute to the commercially available brick. A decreasing trend of its compressive strength is observed as the amount of rubber crumbs increases from 10 to 30% of the total aggregate weight. The addition of light rubber crumbs and fly ash desirably decrease the density of the composite brick when compared to those commercially sold in the market. Water absorption test revealed that the produced composite brick is more efficient in minimizing water absorption. This study demonstrated that composite brick can be made using industrial wastes as substitute for aggregate and binder, with huge implication in brick concrete making. Keywords: Composite brick, rubber crumbs, fly ash, and concrete brick
Plastering Process (Cement/Masonry/Finishing Layer)Zelkhan
Plastering process which involve plastering on brick walls. This paper explains the mono plastering process which involve only 1 layer of plaster, rather than the usual 3 layer of plaster.
If you find these presentation to be beneficial, I would like to welcome you to donate, and support my work in Cement & Concrete Industry. Donation can be made using the following currency/medium:
Bitcoin Address: 36rb4YnbDZsXcCu7i1aXRVvy31j3GoM9YY
EgoPay: elkhana2u@gmail.com
Perfect Money: U6071834 (USD)
Thanks.
one of the important activities in construction work is brickwork. this presentation gives a brief outlook of brickwork masonry and plastering and waterproofing.
Brickwork & Plastering are two important aspect of construction process. What are the methods to be followed during brick work & plastering & what are the important materials.
Agrawal Construction Company was established by Er. Sanjeev Agrawal and now the company is the Best Construction Company in Bhopal. 3 BHK Apartment in Bhopal and spacious 4 BHK Apartment in Bhopal. It is consistently providing luxurious Duplex in Bhopal, flats in Bhopal , home in Bhopal,lavish villa in Bhopal and commercial property for sale in the various prime location of Bhopalsuch as Ayodhya Bypass Road, Hoshangabad Road, Kolar Road, Katara Hills and Airport Road Bhopal with good options of property for sale in Bhopal
Composition of good brick earth
Harmful ingredients in brick earth
Classification of brick earth
Manufacture of bricks
Comparison between clamp burning & kiln burning
Quality of good bricks
Test for bricks
Classification of bricks
Colours of bricks
Size and weight of bricks
Shape of bricks
Fire-clays
Fire-bricks
Sand-lime or calcium silicate bricks
The basic components of cement mortar are cement, water and aggregates. But, often, other substances are added to these three in preparing the cement mortar. The purpose of these additional substances is to improve the quality of the mortar. These substances are collectively called admixtures. Admixtures can be broadly classified into two types – chemical admixtures and mineral admixtures.
Cement, Cement manufacturing, Types of cementNaresh Kumar
Cement, in general, adhesive substances of all kinds, but, in a narrower sense, the binding materials used in building and civil engineering construction. Cements of this kind are finely ground powders that, when mixed with water, set to a hard mass. Setting and hardening result from hydration, which is a chemical combination of the cement compounds with water that yields submicroscopic crystals or a gel-like material with a high surface area. Because of their hydrating properties, constructional cements, which will even set and harden under water, are often called hydraulic cements. The most important of these is portland cement.
Wood is one of the most used natural building materials in the world. A number of valuable properties such as low heat conductivity, small bulk density, relatively high strength, amenability to mechanical working etc. makes wood as famous building material.
Timber can be used in most economical way without wasting any of the derivative of it. Even the saw dust obtained during wood sawing can also be used to make fiber boards, paper etc.
In this article, we are going to discuss about the Classification and structure of tree and also about the Processing of timber from felling of tree to preservation of timber.
Stones dressing as a Building material and constructionNaresh Kumar
Stone found in nature, have to be quarried from their thick beds. After quarrying large pieces of rocks, it is essential to break them into smaller sizes so that they can be used in buildings.
A place where exposed surfaces of good quality natural rocks are abundantly available is known as “quarry,” and the process of taking out stones from the natural bed is known as “quarrying.”
This is done with the help of hand tools like a pickaxe, chisels, etc., or with the help of machines. Blasting using explosives is another method used in quarrying.
The dressing of stones is important so that they are dressed in suitable shapes and polished to give a smooth surface if desired.
Galvanized Steel is basically a cold rolled steel that has been coated with zinc in a process called galvanizing. It is commonly referred to as “G.I.” or galvanized iron. Now there are a number of steel sheets available such as copper sheets, aluminum sheets, and the like, and you might ask, why should you favor galvanized steel sheets instead of its other counterparts?
That’s because galvanized steel, aside from its track record in durability, is infinitely recyclable and such factor makes it widely and easily available. In fact, most of the steel we use today is made from recycled materials; and, because its recyclability makes it plentiful, it also makes it more affordable
The process of extracting or taking out stones from natural rocks bed is known as the Quarrying of Stones. The term ‘Quarry’ is used to indicate the exposed surface of the natural rock. The place or site from where stones are taken out is called ‘Quarry Site’.
Building stones quarrying – properties – structural requirements
Stone is an essential and more permanent building material in construction than other natural building materials. Based on the type, stones can be used in buildings for flooring, roofing, masonry, paving roads, and also as aggregates for concrete.
Stones for construction purposes are obtained by quarrying from solid massive rocks. The stones used for masonry construction should be hard, durable, tough, and should be free from weathered soft patches of material, cracks, and other defects that are responsible for the reduction of strength and durability.
The WHO Country Office for India (WCO India) has been working closely with the Government of India (GoI) to step-up preparedness and response measures for COVID-19, including surveillance and contact tracing, laboratory testing, risk communications and community engagement, hospital preparedness, infection prevention and control, and implementation of containment plan at all three levels of the health system – national, state and district. The entire field presence, including the National Public Health Surveillance Project, consisting of more than 2000 personnel has been fully re-purposed to support the government to overcome this challenge.
Introduction of GIS, components of gis, Data input and data out
spatial data, attribute data, spatial data collection joining spatial and attribute data in gis operations
Coordinate system Geographical coordinate systemNaresh Kumar
UTm Universe transvers mercator, Geographic coordinate system
geoid, planar projection, cylindrical and conical projection, longitudinal, latitude, UTM zones 60 zones
Synthetic Fiber Construction in lab .pptxPavel ( NSTU)
Synthetic fiber production is a fascinating and complex field that blends chemistry, engineering, and environmental science. By understanding these aspects, students can gain a comprehensive view of synthetic fiber production, its impact on society and the environment, and the potential for future innovations. Synthetic fibers play a crucial role in modern society, impacting various aspects of daily life, industry, and the environment. ynthetic fibers are integral to modern life, offering a range of benefits from cost-effectiveness and versatility to innovative applications and performance characteristics. While they pose environmental challenges, ongoing research and development aim to create more sustainable and eco-friendly alternatives. Understanding the importance of synthetic fibers helps in appreciating their role in the economy, industry, and daily life, while also emphasizing the need for sustainable practices and innovation.
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Personal development courses are widely available today, with each one promising life-changing outcomes. Tim Han’s Life Mastery Achievers (LMA) Course has drawn a lot of interest. In addition to offering my frank assessment of Success Insider’s LMA Course, this piece examines the course’s effects via a variety of Tim Han LMA course reviews and Success Insider comments.
Normal Labour/ Stages of Labour/ Mechanism of LabourWasim Ak
Normal labor is also termed spontaneous labor, defined as the natural physiological process through which the fetus, placenta, and membranes are expelled from the uterus through the birth canal at term (37 to 42 weeks
2. Hello!
I am D. Naresh Kumar
I am here because I love to give presentations.
You can find me at nareshkumarce@smec.ac.in
2
3. The process of manufacturing
of bricks from clay involves
preparation of clay, molding
and then drying and burning of
bricks. The bricks are building
materials which are generally
available as rectangular
blocks. The bricks do not
require any dressing and brick
laying is very simple compared
to stone masonry.
Let’s start with the first set of slides
4. “
● Site selection for manufacturing of
bricks
● For the manufacturing of bricks, the
site should be selected based on some
important considerations such as:
● The ground should be of plain surface.
● The site should be connected with
communicating roads for transporting
materials etc.,
● Good brick earth should be easily
available.
● The site should offer all facilities to the
workers
4
5. Manufacturing
process of bricks
● There are four different operations are
involved in the process of manufacturing
of bricks:
● Preparation of clay
● Molding
● Drying
● Burning 5
6. Preparation of clay for bricks manufacturing is done in six
steps: Unsoiling of clay We need pure clay for the preparation
of bricks. The top layer of soil may contains impurities, so the
clay in top layer of soil about 200mm depth is thrown away.
This is called unsoiling. Digging After the removal of top layer,
the clay is dug out from the ground and spread on the plain
ground. Cleaning In this stage, the clay is cleaned of stones,
vegetable matter etc. if large quantity of particulate matter is
present, then the clay is washed and screened. The lumps of
clay are converted into powder with earth crushing rollers. 6
8. Weathering
The cleaned clay is
exposed to
atmosphere for
softening. The
period of
weathering may be
3 to 4 weeks or a
full rainy season.
Generally, the clay
is dug out just
before the rainy
season for larger
projects.
Blending If we
want to add any
ingredient to the
clay, it is to be
added in this stage
by making the clay
loose and spread
the ingredient over
it. Then take small
portion of clay into
the hands and
tuning it up and
down in vertical
direction. This
process is called
blending of clay.
Tempering In this
stage, water is added
to clay and pressed or
mixed. The pressing
will be done by cattle
or with feet of men
for small scale
projects, pug mill is
used as grinder for
large scale projects.
So, the clay obtains
the plastic nature and
now it is suitable for
molding.
8
9. A picture is worth
a thousand words
A complex idea can be conveyed with just a
single still image, namely making it possible to
absorb large amounts of data quickly.
9
11. In the molding process, prepared
clay is mold into brick shape
(generally rectangular). This
process can be done in two ways
according to scale of project.
11
Machine
molding
Hand
molding
12. Hand molding of bricks
If manufacturing of bricks is on a small scale
and manpower is also cheap then we can go
for hand molding. The molds are in
rectangular shape made of wood or steel
which are opened at the top and bottom.
The longer sides of molds are projected out
of the box to serve it as handles. If we take
durability in consideration steel molds are
better than wooden molds. In hand molding
again there are two types and they are
12
14. Ground molded bricks
14
● In this process of ground molding, first level the ground and sand or
ash is sprinkled over it.
● Now place the wet mold in the ground and filled it with tempered clay
and press hard to fill all corners of the mold. Extra clay is removed with
metal strike or wood strike or with wire.
● The mold is then lifted up and we have raw brick in the ground. And
again wet the mold by dipping it in water and repeat the same process.
The process of dipping mold every time to make bricks is called slop
molding.
● Sometimes, the inside surface of mold is sprinkled with sand or ash
instead of dipping in water this is called sand molding
● Frog mark of bricks are made by using a pair of pallet boards. Frog
mark means the mark of depth which is placed on raw brick while
molding. The depth may be 10mm to 20mm.
● Frog mark stats the trademark of manufacturing company and also it is
useful to store mortar in it when the bricks is placed over it.
15. Table molded bricks
This process is similar to ground molding process,
but here the bricks on molded on the table of
size 2m x 1m.
Ground molding is economical when compared to
table molding.
15
16. 16
Machine molding of
bricks
The bricks required are in large quantity, then
machine molding is economical and also saves
more time. Here also we are having two types of
machines,
● Plastic clay machines
● Dry clay machines
17. 17
Plastic clay machines This
machines contain an opening in
rectangular shape and when we
place the tempered clay in to this
machine it will come out through
this opening. Now, the
rectangular strips coming out the
opening are cut by wires to get
required thickness of brick. So,
these are also called wire cut
bricks. Now these raw bricks are
ready for the drying process..
18. 18
Dry clay machines Dry clay machines
are more time saving machines. We
can put the blended clay into these
machines directly without tempering.
Means tempering is also done in this
machine by adding some water. When
the required stiffness is obtained the
clay is placed in mold and pressed
hard and well-shaped bricks are
delivered. These are called pressed
bricks and these do not require drying
they may directly sent to burning
20. 3. Drying of raw bricks
● After molding process the bricks contain some amount
of moisture in it. So, drying is to be done otherwise
they may cracked while burning. The drying of raw
bricks is done by natural process.
● The bricks are laid in stacks. A stack consists 8 to 10
stairs. The bricks in these stacks should be arranged in
such a way that circulation of air in between the bricks
is free.
● The period of drying may be 3 to 10 days. It also
depends upon the weather conditions.
● The drying yards are also prepared on higher level
than the normal ground for the prevention of bricks
from rain water.
● In Some situations artificial drying is adopted under
special dryers or hot gases. 20
21. Presentation
design
This presentation uses the following typographies:
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● Body copy: Nunito
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You don’t need to keep this slide in your presentation. It’s only here to serve you as a design
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21
22. 4. Burning of bricks
In the process of burning, the dried bricks are
burned either in clamps (small scale) or kilns
(large scale) up to certain degree temperature.
In this stage, the bricks will gain hardness and
strength so it is important stage in
manufacturing of bricks.
The temperature required for burning is about
1100oC. If they burnt beyond this limit they will
be brittle and easy to break. If they burnt under
this limit, they will not gain full strength and
there is a chance to absorb moisture from the
atmosphere.
Hence burning should be done properly to meet the
requirements of good brick.
23. Clamp or Open Kiln:
23
This is a temporary structure with some
advantages like low initial cost, low fuel cost and a
few skilled labourers are sufficient to complete the
process. The disadvantage is only a small quantity
of bricks is manufactured at a time and in that
only 60% are good quality bricks.
24. Timeline
24
DEC
NOV
OCT
SEP
AUG
JUL
JUN
MAY
APR
MAR
FEB
JAN
Blue is the colour of the
clear sky and the deep
sea
Red is the colour of
danger and courage
Black is the color of
ebony and of outer
space
Yellow is the color of
gold, butter and ripe
lemons
White is the color of
milk and fresh snow
Blue is the colour of the
clear sky and the deep
sea
Yellow is the color of
gold, butter and ripe
lemons
White is the color of
milk and fresh snow
Blue is the colour of the
clear sky and the deep
sea
Red is the colour of
danger and courage
Black is the color of
ebony and of outer
space
Yellow is the color
of gold, butter and
ripe lemons
25. 25
Intermittent Kiln: When a large number of
good quality bricks are needed,
intermittent or continuous kilns are
preferred. In this kilns, the process of
burning is discontinuous.
There are two kind of intermittent kilns:
(i) Up-draught Intermittent Kilns
(ii) Down draught Intermittent Kilns
Down draught kilns are more efficient, because
the heat is utilized more by moving the hot
gases in the larger area of the kiln. In up
draught kilns the hot gases are released after
they rise up to chimney entrance.
26. Continuous Kilns:
These kilns are called continuous because all
the processes of loading, unloading,
cooling, Heating, preheating take place
simultaneously.
They are used when the bricks are demanded
in larger scale and in short time. Bricks
burning is completed in one day, so it is a fast
method of burning.
There are two well known continuous
kilns:
26
27. Bull’s Trench Kiln:
Bull’s trench kiln consist of a rectangular, circular or
oval plan shape. They are constructed below the
ground level by excavating a trench of the required
width for the given capacity of brick manufacturing.
This Trench is divided generally in 12 chambers so
that 2 numbers of cycles of brick burning can take
place at the same time for the larger production of
the bricks. Or it may happen that one cycle is carried
out at one time in all the 12 chambers by using a
single process in the 2-3 chambers at the same time.
27
29. The structure is under-ground so the heat is
conserved to a large extent so it is more
efficient. Once fire is started it constantly travels
from one chamber to the other chamber, while other
operations like loading, unloading, cooling, burning
and preheating taking place simultaneously.
Such kilns are generally constructed to have a
manufacturing capacity of about 20,000 bricks per
day. The drawback of this kiln is that there is not a
permanent roof, so it is not easy to manufacture the
bricks in the monsoon seasons
.
29
30. Hoffman’s Kiln
The main difference between the Bull’s
trench kiln and the Hoffman kilns are:
Hoffman’s kiln is an over the ground
structure while Bull’s Trench Kiln is an
underground structure.
Hoffman’s kiln have a permanent roof while
Bull’s trench Kiln do not have so it former can
be used in 12 months a year to manufacture
bricks but later is stopped in the monsoon
season.
30
32. Hoffman’s kiln is generally circular
in plan, and is constructed over the
ground. The whole structure is
divided into the 12 chambers and
all the processes takes place
simultaneously like in Bull’s trench
Kiln.
32