2. Types of Plaster Mortars according to binder + + 0 - pumpability ++ + 0 - finish (interior) ++ + 0 -- flexibility -- (not in wet areas => fungal problems) 0 + ++ water resistance -- 0 + ++ density gypsum lime lime/cement cement -> binder

3. Exterior plastering => which plaster type? lime cement cement mortar

4. Interior plastering => which plaster type? gypsum, lime, lime/cement or cement based plaster READY MIXED or SITE MIX

5. Ready-mix Machine plastering material: ready-mix or site-mix? Site-mix costs availability pumpability plaster quality operator errors special properties, applications ? ? plaster sand (?)

6. Plaster sand – grain size composition 2 - 4 mm 1 - 2 mm 0,5 - 1 mm 0,25 - 0,5 mm 0,125 - 0,25 mm < 0,125 mm (“dust”) dust is a must in the mixture in order to receive pumpable material 5 - 10% 5 - 10% 15 - 20% 12 - 18% 10 - 15% 30 - 40%

7. Washed sand dust particles are missing => mortar is not pumpable! Washed sand, e.g. river sand 2 - 4 mm 1 - 2 mm 0,5 - 1 mm 0,25 - 0,5 mm 0,125 - 0,25 mm

9. Grain size composition of 4mm plaster sand The content of the fine particles (fillers, clay, dust) is very important for the pumpability! But, if it is too much, cracks may occure due to the higher shrinkage.

10. Grain size composition of shotcrete sand