The document discusses the differences between human and animal communication. It notes that while animals emit sounds and expressions to communicate, human language possesses seven unique characteristics, including using grammar, communicating new ideas, and being passed down between generations. However, some primate studies have found that they share some human language traits. Overall, human language allows people to relate grammatical units to form an infinite number of understood sentences and ideas. For language to exist there must be physiological, grammatical, and semantic factors, including relating sounds to shared meanings between speakers.
This document compares human language and animal communication. It outlines the key characteristics of human language, including its social, learned, rule-based, and creative nature. It then discusses animal communication, describing the basic components of signaller, receiver, signal, and channels. It provides examples of different types of animal communication including visual signals like honeybee dances, auditory calls, and chemical signals like pheromones. The document notes that while animal communication conveys information, human language has significant qualities like arbitrariness of meaning and infinite creativity that are not present in animal communication systems.
Research into the relationship between pets and their owners is a relatively new field, but is yielding valuable insights into how these interactions can be mutually beneficial.
This document summarizes research on animal communication and language. It discusses three main approaches that have been used to study animal language: direct decoding of communication signals, using intermediary languages to communicate with animals, and applying information processing theory. Examples are given of decoded communication in honeybees and other species. The document also analyzes studies of animal language and discusses research on elephant communication.
Man is the only animal that can communicate using abstract symbols, though language abilities arose from more primitive communication systems in other animals. The document discusses nine key design features that characterize language and distinguish it from other communication systems. It also analyzes different animal communication systems like birdsong and primate calls based on whether they exhibit traits like semanticity, arbitrariness, productivity that are common in human language.
The document discusses the differences between human and animal communication. It notes that while animals emit sounds and expressions to communicate, human language possesses seven unique characteristics, including using grammar, communicating new ideas, and being passed down between generations. However, some primate studies have found that they share some human language traits. Overall, human language allows people to relate grammatical units to form an infinite number of understood sentences and ideas. For language to exist there must be physiological, grammatical, and semantic factors, including relating sounds to shared meanings between speakers.
This document compares human language and animal communication. It outlines the key characteristics of human language, including its social, learned, rule-based, and creative nature. It then discusses animal communication, describing the basic components of signaller, receiver, signal, and channels. It provides examples of different types of animal communication including visual signals like honeybee dances, auditory calls, and chemical signals like pheromones. The document notes that while animal communication conveys information, human language has significant qualities like arbitrariness of meaning and infinite creativity that are not present in animal communication systems.
Research into the relationship between pets and their owners is a relatively new field, but is yielding valuable insights into how these interactions can be mutually beneficial.
This document summarizes research on animal communication and language. It discusses three main approaches that have been used to study animal language: direct decoding of communication signals, using intermediary languages to communicate with animals, and applying information processing theory. Examples are given of decoded communication in honeybees and other species. The document also analyzes studies of animal language and discusses research on elephant communication.
Man is the only animal that can communicate using abstract symbols, though language abilities arose from more primitive communication systems in other animals. The document discusses nine key design features that characterize language and distinguish it from other communication systems. It also analyzes different animal communication systems like birdsong and primate calls based on whether they exhibit traits like semanticity, arbitrariness, productivity that are common in human language.
This document discusses several key properties of human language and compares it to communication systems in animals. It notes that human language allows for references to past, present and future, has arbitrary connections between forms and meanings, and has an infinite potential number of utterances due to its productivity. It also discusses the discreteness and duality of language. The document then provides examples of bird calls and songs, primate communication using gestures, and characteristics of animal communication systems like their signals having set responses and functions, lack of creativity, and transmission without change across generations.
Animal communication and human languageJasmine Wong
This document discusses animal communication and how it compares to human language. It outlines several key properties of human language, including reflexivity, displacement, arbitrariness, productivity, and cultural transmission. While some animals can communicate, their systems have limitations and do not demonstrate true language. Research with great apes that were taught sign language provided some evidence of language abilities, but their communication remained limited. The parrot Alex provided the best evidence that an animal may acquire elements of language, as he learned hundreds of words and could use them productively in novel combinations. However, animal communication systems differ fundamentally from human language.
This document provides an overview of prehistoric times and human evolution. It discusses key topics like the prehistoric period before writing, important abbreviations used in prehistory, differences between history and archaeology, methods of archaeological excavation and dating, artifacts from prehistory, the geological eras of the world, the Mesozoic era and age of dinosaurs, theories of dinosaur extinction, evidence of meteor impacts, the Cenozoic era and age of mammals, evolution of primates and early humans, characteristics of Australopithecus, and emergence of the human species. The document serves to introduce these essential concepts and periods in studying prehistory and the evolution of mankind.
This document provides a table of contents for a CD-ROM containing documents from world history. The table of contents lists over 200 documents organized into 22 parts spanning history from ancient Mesopotamia to the 19th century response of East Asia to the West. The documents cover topics from legal codes and religious texts to historical writings and philosophical treatises from civilizations around the world.
Christianity is a monotheistic religion centered on the life and teachings of Jesus Christ. It believes Jesus is the Son of God and the Messiah prophesied in the Hebrew Bible. Christians hold that Jesus died for humanity's sins and was resurrected, offering salvation. It is one of the largest religions in the world, with over 2 billion adherents. Major branches include Catholicism, Protestantism, and Eastern Orthodoxy. Core beliefs include the Trinity, divinity of Christ, salvation through faith, and that Jesus will return to judge all people.
The document discusses various aspects of human thinking and creativity. It describes different types of reasoning like deductive and inductive arguments. It also discusses structures of thinking and evolution of the frontal cortex. Several theorists who studied creativity are mentioned, like Guilford, Wallas, and de Bono. Creative thinking is defined as divergent thinking involving originality, flexibility, fluency and elaboration. The creative process and ways to develop creative thinking are outlined. Finally, tools to encourage creative problem solving like brainstorming and multivoting are explained.
This document provides an overview of Western philosophy from ancient to medieval periods. It discusses some of the major philosophers from each era and their contributions. The ancient Greek philosophers like Socrates, Plato and Aristotle established the foundations of Western thought. Medieval philosophy integrated Greek rationalism with Christian theology. Major philosophers included Augustine of Hippo who wrote extensively on theology and philosophy. The document outlines some key characteristics of medieval philosophy like theocentrism, theodicy, and emphasis on God and faith.
Religion has developed naturally over time from early forms like animism and shamanism to more complex modern religions. Early humans may have practiced animal worship and had religious beliefs as early as 300,000 years ago based on burial sites. Religion progressed through stages including animism, polytheism, henotheism, and monotheism. The five major world religions today are Judaism, Christianity, Islam, Hinduism, and Buddhism, with Judaism being one of the earliest monotheistic faiths based on teachings from the Torah and belief in one God.
This document provides an introduction to an English translation of Jacques Maritain's work "An Introduction to Philosophy". It summarizes Maritain's intentions in writing the work, which are to provide a faithful presentation of Aristotle and St. Thomas Aquinas' philosophical system, and to judge modern philosophical systems in its light. The introduction explains Maritain's progressive method of exposition, intended to mirror Aristotle's own method, and discusses some of the challenges of writing an introductory philosophy text, such as the use of technical terminology. It presents Maritain's view that philosophy aims to attain human wisdom through rational inquiry, rather than supernatural revelation or instinct alone.
This document provides an overview of the development of religion from early human history through modern times in 3 sections. Section 1 discusses evidence of early religious ideas from 300,000 years ago and the development of organized religion with the advent of writing around 3200 BCE. Section 2 outlines the 7 major steps in the evolution of religion from Paleolithic times to modern rational religion. Section 3 identifies the 5 major world religions as Judaism, Christianity, Islam, Hinduism, and Buddhism and provides brief descriptions of the origins and key beliefs and texts of each religion.
This document provides an introduction to an English translation of Jacques Maritain's work "An Introduction to Philosophy". It summarizes Maritain's approach and methodology in writing the work. Specifically, it notes that Maritain aims to faithfully present Aristotle and St. Thomas Aquinas' philosophical system. He does so through a progressive order of exposition modeled on Aristotle's own method of first examining the historical development of a problem. The introduction explains that this historical approach helps acquaint beginners with philosophy's problems and introduces them to rational speculation in a way that is educationally practical.
ความสุจริตทางวิชาการ เชื่อมไทยเชื่อมโลก Connect Thailand, Connect the World in The “Academic Honesty”
With Five Tools to Drive The Universities to Build The Smart Graduates
With Integrity
1. 10/23/2014
1
MAN AND LANGUAGE
Associate Professor Kitima Indrambarya, Ph.D.
OOUUTTLLIINNEESS
Human Language vs. animal language
Language Function
Social Role of Language
Human Language Evolution
Concept of Human language origin
Language and writing system
Language Families
มนุษย์กับภาษา รศ.ดร.กิติมา อินทรัมพรรย์2
HHuummaann LLaanngguuaaggee vvss.. AAnniimmaall LLaanngguuaaggee
Human Language Animal Language
Speech organs
Ability to separate sounds and
phonemes
Ability to understand and create new
words and sentences
Ability to acquire new language
Ability to refer to past and future
event
Different lexicon for each language
No speech organs
No such ability
Imitation only. No such ability
Close language system. No ability
to learn new language
Ability to communicate about
present situation
Communication by instinct only
มนุษย์กับภาษา รศ.ดร.กิติมา อินทรัมพรรย์3
Language Function
Communication Tool
Innovation Tool
Reflection of world-view Thought
Reflection of one’s own culture
Reflection of one’s own identify
มนุษย์กับภาษา รศ.ดร.กิติมา อินทรัมพรรย์4
2. 10/23/2014
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Language as Communication Tool
Spoken language – different in various situation
Written language
Gesture
Eye contact
gesture
Distance between speakers
มนุษย์กับภาษา รศ.ดร.กิติมา อินทรัมพรรย์5
Non-Verbal Communication: Gesture
มนุษย์กับภาษา รศ.ดร.กิติมา อินทรัมพรรย์ 6
Language as Innovation Tools
Language in internet, chat, emails has a
unique characteristics.
มนุษย์กับภาษา รศ.ดร.กิติมา อินทรัมพรรย์7
Language as Reflections of Thoughts
Reflection of Word-view Thought
Honorific terms in Japanese, Thai, Khmer reflect
different social classes
Reflection of social relations
Relationship terms
Social Inequality
Social Class
Gender
– master vs. mistress
-- นาง นางสาว vs. นาย
มนุษย์กับภาษา รศ.ดร.กิติมา อินทรัมพรรย์8
3. 10/23/2014
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Language as Reflection of Culture
Snow in English : “blizzard", “flurry", "pack", "slush", "drift",
"sleet", and "powder”
Rain in Thai
Characteristics: สายฝน ละอองฝน ฝนขาดเม็ด ฝนสั่งฟ้า พายุฝน
ฝนแล้ง ฝนหลงฤดู
Verbs for Rain: ฝนกระหน่ำ ฝนชุก ฝนปรอย ฝนพรำ
ติดฝน ตากฝน
Concept of เกรงใจ is not found in other culture
มนุษย์กับภาษา รศ.ดร.กิติมา อินทรัมพรรย์9
Language As Reflection of Culture
What color is it?
Paul Kay, “Synchronic Variability and Diachronic Change in
Basic Colour Terms,” in Language, Culture and Cognition
(1975) : 257-272.
The simpler the culture, The fewer color they have
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Color_term
มนุษย์กับภาษา รศ.ดร.กิติมา อินทรัมพรรย์10
GRUE
Color Terms and Culture
Sutkhothai : 5 color terms: White Black Red Yellow Green
Green covers Green Dark Blue and Purple
-- เขียวดังดอกผักตบ
-- เขียวดังดอกอินทนิล
-- เขียวดังดอกอัญชัน
Present-day Thai has 12 color terms
มนุษย์กับภาษา รศ.ดร.กิติมา อินทรัมพรรย์ 11
Thai Color Terms
Experience --
Animal or Objects:-- สีแดงเลือดหมู
สีอิฐ
http://thorfun.com/oazth/story/51a8a870aeeb59372800c47e
มนุษย์กับภาษา รศ.ดร.กิติมา อินทรัมพรรย์ 12
ม
4. 10/23/2014
4
Language as Reflection of Social and
Cultural Contact
Cause of Borrowing
Geographic contact and social contact – Lao,
Myanmar, Malay
Migration – Khmer, Lawa, Mon, Chinese
Trade and Commerce – English, French, Chinese,
Portuguese
Literature and Religion
– Indian literature – Sanskrit
- Brahmanism - Sanskrit
- Buddhism - Pali
มนุษย์กับภาษา รศ.ดร.กิติมา อินทรัมพรรย์13
Language Borrowings
Chinese- ก๋วยเตี๋ยว บะหมี่เฉาก๊วย จับฉ่าย หุ้น ห้าง ก๋ง ตุ๋น
Khmer – ขนบ ตำรวจ กะทิ บำบัด เจริญ ฉงน สงบ
Pali – กิริยา วิญญาณ อัคคี สัจจะ มัจฉา สูญ
Sanskrit – อาจารย์ จุฑา กษัตริย์ บุรุษ สตรี ศูนย์
Malay – บูดู สเต๊ะ ซาหริ่ม ปาเต๊ะ ทุเรียน สลัด
Mon - ประเคน
English - เลน แท็กซี่
Portuguese – สบู่ ปิ่นโต
Tamil- กุลี
มนุษย์กับภาษา รศ.ดร.กิติมา อินทรัมพรรย์14
Language as Social Identity
Identity for one’s geographic origin and
nationality
Consonants
Northern Dialiect-- /h/ for /r/ in รัก > ฮัก
Accent
มนุษย์กับภาษา รศ.ดร.กิติมา อินทรัมพรรย์15
Language as Social Identity
Identity for one’s social group, age and gender
Slang
Teenagers -- เกรียน แจ่มๆ
Politeness Markers
Female -- นะคะ คะ ค่ะ
Female --- เจ้า (Northern Dialect)
มนุษย์กับภาษา รศ.ดร.กิติมา อินทรัมพรรย์16
5. 10/23/2014
5
Hypotheses of Language Origins
Religious Beliefs: God creates language
Human as Language Creators and
onomatopoeia
Scientific Concept of Language Origins
มนุษย์กับภาษา รศ.ดร.กิติมา อินทรัมพรรย์17
Religious Belief
God creates language.
Language is part of rituals and chanting
มนุษย์กับภาษา รศ.ดร.กิติมา อินทรัมพรรย์18
Religious Belief
Christianity
God lets Adam name all things.
Everyone speaks the same language
มนุษย์กับภาษา รศ.ดร.กิติมา อินทรัมพรรย์19
Christianity
One language
Man’s first sin – Babel Tower
God’s Punishment – Difficulty in
Communication
Man speaks different languages
มนุษย์กับภาษา รศ.ดร.กิติมา อินทรัมพรรย์20
6. 10/23/2014
6
Religious Beliefs
Old Egyptians
God Thoth, God of writing and knowledge, gave
human the gift of hieroglyphic writing and language
Phrygian is the first language – similar to Greek
Hinduism
Saraswati, Goddess of knowledge, arts and music,
wisdom and nature creates human language
มนุษย์กับภาษา รศ.ดร.กิติมา อินทรัมพรรย์21
Man as Creator of Human language and onomatopoeia
Naturalism
Name of things and sign (objects) are
related
Words start with Onomatopoeia.
มนุษย์กับภาษา รศ.ดร.กิติมา อินทรัมพรรย์22
http://www.boredpanda.com/animมนaุษยl์-กับsภoาษuา n d s - d i f รfศe.ดrรe.กิnติมtา- อlินaทnรัมgพรuรยa์ges-james-chapman/ 23
Man as Creator of Human language and the
concept of onomatopoeia
Behaviorism
Name of things could be agreement of
mankind
อังกฤษ table
ฝรั่งเศส la table
เยอรมัน die Tabelle
สเปน una mesa
มนุษย์กับภาษา รศ.ดร.กิติมา อินทรัมพรรย์24
7. 10/23/2014
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Scientific View of Language Origin
Australopithecus (4-5 million B.C.)
Shows they do not have speech organs
มนุษย์กับภาษา รศ.ดร.กิติมา อินทรัมพรรย์25
http://churchofcriticalthinking.org/missing_link.html
Human evolution
มนุษย์กับภาษา รศ.ดร.กิติมา อินทรัมพรรย์26
Evolution of Human Speech Organs
มนุษย์กับภาษา รศ.ดร.กิติมา อินทรัมพรรย์27
http://www.ling.upenn.edu/courses/ling001/com_bio.html
มนุษย์กับภาษา รศ.ดร.กิติมา อินทรัมพรรย์28
8. 10/23/2014
8
Language and Writing
Pictogram
Cuneiform
Syllabic writing and alphabet
Indian inscription
Thai inscription
มนุษย์กับภาษา รศ.ดร.กิติมา อินทรัมพรรย์29
Pictogram and Ideogram
Pictogram
Represents concrete objects
e.g. sun, crops
Ideogram
represents concepts
Pictogram of Mesopotemia
Petroglyph Ancient Hebrew pictogram
มนุษย์กับภาษา รศ.ดร.กิติมา อินทรัมพรรย์30
http://www.hebrew4christians.com/Grammar/Unit_One/Pictograms/pictograms.html
Modern pictograms and ideograms
American Indian
pictogram
Grade 4 pictogram
Grade 4 pictogram
มนุษย์กับภาษา รศ.ดร.กิติมา อินทรัมพรรย์31
Ideograms
Pictograms and Ideograms are not related to
speech sounds
Modern ideograms – e.g. traffic signs
มนุษย์กับภาษา รศ.ดร.กิติมา อินทรัมพรรย์32
9. 10/23/2014
9
มนุษย์กับภาษา รศ.ดร.กิติมา อินทรัมพรรย์33
Hieroglyphs
Pictograms of Egyptians
Used in rituals
Mixture of pictograms and ideograms.
Some were symbols to represent
consonants
มนุษย์กับภาษา รศ.ดร.กิติมา อินทรัมพรรย์34
Egyptian Hieroglyphic
12,425 birds
Looks like picture of
objects to refer to
มนุษย์กับภาษา รศ.ดร.กิติมา อินทรัมพรรย์35
Cuneiform
More symbolic rather than picture
More of a look-similar symbol
Cuneiform is the most well-known
Each symbol represents a word which reflects
the beginning of writing system
มนุษย์กับภาษา รศ.ดร.กิติมา อินทรัมพรรย์36
10. 10/23/2014
10
Cuneiform
Sumerian’s cuneiform aged 3,500 B.C.
http://board.postjung.com/531221.html
มนุษย์กับภาษา รศ.ดร.กิติมา อินทรัมพรรย์37
Writing System
Evolves from the cuneiform
Earlier, one used cuneiform writing to
represent a syllable or a sound in a
language
มนุษย์กับภาษา รศ.ดร.กิติมา อินทรัมพรรย์38
Sumerian writing system development
pictogram cuneiform
มนุษย์กับภาษา รศ.ดร.กิติมา อินทรัมพรรย์39
Syllabic Writing System
Phoenetian Alphabet
Cree Writing System
มนุษย์กับภาษา รศ.ดร.กิติมา อินทรัมพรรย์40
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11
Chinese Characters
Some characters represents a word and some
represent part of a word.
Chinese characters develops from pictograms
มนุษย์กับภาษา รศ.ดร.กิติมา อินทรัมพรรย์41
日[rì] ดวงอาทิตย์
木[mù] ไม้
林[lín] ป่า
森[sēn] ป่าไม้
山[shān] ภูเขา
水[shuǐ]
田[tián] นา
夫[fū] ผูช้าย(สามี)
舍[shè] บา้นพัก,
门[mén] ประตู
มนุษย์กับภาษา รศ.ดร.กิติมา อินทรัมพรรย์42
Chinese Character
Korean - Adopted Chinese characters before
using their own alphabet
Japanese- Adopted Chinese characters before
adjusting to make them closer to their own
language
Vietnamese – adopted Chinese characters. Later
use romanization
มนุษย์กับภาษา รศ.ดร.กิติมา อินทรัมพรรย์43
Indian Inscriptions
First stage: Pictogram
Second stage
Found in Asoka the Great’s inscription
Kharosthi alphabet และ Brahmi alphabet
มนุษย์กับภาษา รศ.ดร.กิติมา อินทรัมพรรย์44
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Brahmi Alphabet
อักษรพราหมีพบครั้งแรก ในจารึกของพระเจ้าอโศกมหาราชแห่งราชวงศ์เมารยะ
อักษรพราห์มีเป็นต้นกำเนิดของอักษรเทวนาครี อักษรขอม
อักษรเทวนาครีจากโปรแกรมที่
พระบาทสมเด็จพระเจ้าอยู่หัวทรงสร้าง
http://www.ku.ac.th/e-magazine/jun49/it/it.htm
มนุษย์กับภาษา รศ.ดร.กิติมา อินทรัมพรรย์45
Grantha Alphabet
๑๒ อักษรปัลวะ ภาษาสันสกฤต
:
http://www.sac.or.th/databases/inscriptions/th/m
ain.php?p=ZGV0YWls&id=12
มนุษย์กับภาษา รศ.ดร.กิติมา อินทรัมพรรย์46
http://www.designinindia.net/design-thoughts/writings/history/india-history-type-design1.html
- Brahmi seems ancestral to most of the scripts of South Asia,
Southeast Asia, some Central Asian scripts like Tibetan and
Khotanese, and possibly Korean hangul (1444 AD).
มนุษย์กับภาษา รศ.ดร.กิติมา อินทรัมพรรย์ 47
Thai Alphabet
Invented by King Ramkhamhaeng
Adapted from Khmer inscription and Indian
script
มนุษย์กับภาษา รศ.ดร.กิติมา อินทรัมพรรย์48
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How many Languages ?
Some anguages could die away
Some languages could emerge
How many languages are there?
How many language families?
Share similarity
Share the same ancestor
http://www.bbc.co.uk/languages/guide/languages.shtml
มนุษย์กับภาษา รศ.ดร.กิติมา อินทรัมพรรย์49 มนุษย์กับภาษา รศ.ดร.กิติมา อินทรัมพรรย์50
Indo-European Language Family
Celtic
Scottish
Welsh
Irish
Latin
Italic
Italian
Spanish
French
Portuguese
West
German
English
Dutch
North
Swedish
Danish
Norwegian
Germanic
Hellenic
Ancient Greek
Greek
Slavic
Russian
Polish
Indo-Iranian
Old Persian
Persian
Sanskrit
Hindi
Indo-European
Indrambarya@2014 51
Indo-European
Three oldest ones: Greek, Latin, Sanskrit
English , French, German
Indrambarya@2014 52
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Sino-Tibetan
East - Asia
Two big branches
Sino- -- Chinese : Cantonese,
Mandarin,
Tibetans
มนุษย์กับภาษา รศ.ดร.กิติมา อินทรัมพรรย์53
Sino-Tibetan (ไซโน-ทิเบตัน)
Chinese branch
◦ Mandarin (China, Taiwan, Singapore), Cantonese, Haka, Hokkien
◦ has a large number of speakers (1.3 billon – largest of all language
branches)
◦ SVO
Tibetan branch
◦ Tibetan, Burmese (Myanmar), Tamang (Nepal), Dzangka (Bhutan)
◦ Some have as few as thousand speakers and are endangered.
◦ SOV
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Tai Language Family (ไท)
Major languages: Thai, Laos
Saek - spoken Nakorn Phanom and Laos
Nung – in Northern Vietnam
Phu-Thai – in Nakorn Phanom, in Ubon Rajthani, in Sakonnakorn, in
Champasak in Laos
Shan – in Myanmar
Thai Dam – in Vietnam
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Austro-Asiatic in SE Asia
As many as 150 smaller families
Munda in the West
Nicobarese in Nicobar islands in Bengol and Malayu
Mon-Khmer in SEA Asia – Mon, Khmer, Khamu, Lawa,
Vietnamese
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15. 10/23/2014
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Dravidian
Part of India and north of Sri Lanka
Tamil
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