Malaria Clinical Features
•Download as PPTX, PDF•
7 likes•2,507 views
This document outlines the clinical features of malaria. It describes the initial nonspecific symptoms like headache, fatigue, and myalgia that occur during the incubation period. It then explains the three stages of a malarial paroxysm: cold, hot, and sweating stages. Complications of malaria are also discussed, including cerebral malaria, hypoglycemia, acidosis, noncardiogenic pulmonary edema, and renal impairment. The effects of malaria in pregnancy and children are highlighted as well.
Report
Share
Report
Share
Recommended
CLINICAL FEATURES AND COMPLICATIONS OF MALARIA
Major clinical manifestations of malaria include:
1. Cerebral malaria, which can cause coma, convulsions, and residual neurological deficits.
2. Severe malarial anemia.
3. Low birth weight in newborns whose mothers had malaria during pregnancy.
Complications include cerebral malaria, renal impairment, hypoglycemia, acidosis, and noncardiogenic pulmonary edema. Chronic complications include splenomegaly and nephropathy. Malaria can also increase risk of other infections.
Urinary Tract Infection
This document provides information on urinary tract infections (UTIs) and pyelonephritis. It discusses the common sites of UTIs, risk factors, etiology, pathophysiology, signs and symptoms, diagnosis, classification, management, and treatment guidelines. It also covers acute and chronic pyelonephritis in detail, including risk factors, clinical presentation, complications, diagnosis, and management. The document is a comprehensive review of UTIs and pyelonephritis presented over 30 pages.
Urinary tract infection
This document provides an overview of urinary tract infections (UTIs). It discusses that UTIs are very common, especially in women, and are usually caused by E. coli entering the urinary tract. Symptoms depend on the location of the infection, ranging from cystitis for bladder infections to fever and flank pain for pyelonephritis. Diagnosis involves urinalysis and culture. Uncomplicated infections are usually treated with nitrofurantoin or TMP/SMX. Recurrent UTIs may require long-term antibiotic prophylaxis.
Bacillary Dysentery
Bacillary dysentery is a type of dysentery caused by Shigella bacteria, most commonly S. sonnei, S. flexneri, and S. dysenteriae. It is characterized by bloody diarrhea resulting from the bacteria invading the intestinal mucosa. The disease is transmitted through the fecal-oral route and symptoms include diarrhea, fever, abdominal cramps, and potentially dehydration. Treatment focuses on fluid replacement and antibiotics when symptoms are severe. Control relies on proper hygiene, sanitation, and avoiding contact with infected individuals.
Hiv infection
The document provides an overview of HIV and AIDS, including:
- HIV is a virus that weakens the immune system and can lead to AIDS if untreated. There are two types, HIV-1 being more prevalent.
- It is typically transmitted sexually, through blood/needles, or mother-to-child. Diagnosis involves antibody tests like ELISA and confirmation with Western Blot.
- If left untreated, it can take 10-15 years for HIV to develop into AIDS. Antiretroviral treatment can slow disease progression. Current global statistics and highest prevalence areas are mentioned.
Malaria (Everything about it)
this presentation involves the definition of malaria, causes, clinical feature, phathophysiology, life cycle, diagnosis, treatment and prevention.
Gonorrhea (1)
Gonorrhea is a sexually transmitted infection caused by the bacteria Neisseria gonorrhoeae. It is transmitted through sexual contact and can also spread from mother to baby during childbirth. Symptoms vary between males and females, with many cases being asymptomatic. When symptoms do occur in males they include dysuria and urethral discharge, while in females symptoms may include increased vaginal discharge or bleeding. Gonorrhea is treated with antibiotics like ceftriaxone or azithromycin. It remains an issue as cases number over 200 million per year globally and antibiotic resistance has increased.
Trichuris+enterobius.ppt
This document provides information on the taxonomy, morphology, life cycles, pathogenesis, clinical features, diagnosis, and treatment of various helminth parasites. It describes the characteristics of nematodes and discusses specific nematodes like Trichuris trichura and Enterobius vermicularis. For T. trichura, it provides details on its morphology, life cycle, clinical manifestations including rectal prolapse, and microscopic identification of eggs in stool samples. For E. vermicularis, it discusses epidemiology in children, morphology of adult worms and eggs, life cycle involving nocturnal emergence of females, and diagnosis using scotch tape tests. Treatment involves repeated doses of albendazole or mebendazole
Recommended
CLINICAL FEATURES AND COMPLICATIONS OF MALARIA
Major clinical manifestations of malaria include:
1. Cerebral malaria, which can cause coma, convulsions, and residual neurological deficits.
2. Severe malarial anemia.
3. Low birth weight in newborns whose mothers had malaria during pregnancy.
Complications include cerebral malaria, renal impairment, hypoglycemia, acidosis, and noncardiogenic pulmonary edema. Chronic complications include splenomegaly and nephropathy. Malaria can also increase risk of other infections.
Urinary Tract Infection
This document provides information on urinary tract infections (UTIs) and pyelonephritis. It discusses the common sites of UTIs, risk factors, etiology, pathophysiology, signs and symptoms, diagnosis, classification, management, and treatment guidelines. It also covers acute and chronic pyelonephritis in detail, including risk factors, clinical presentation, complications, diagnosis, and management. The document is a comprehensive review of UTIs and pyelonephritis presented over 30 pages.
Urinary tract infection
This document provides an overview of urinary tract infections (UTIs). It discusses that UTIs are very common, especially in women, and are usually caused by E. coli entering the urinary tract. Symptoms depend on the location of the infection, ranging from cystitis for bladder infections to fever and flank pain for pyelonephritis. Diagnosis involves urinalysis and culture. Uncomplicated infections are usually treated with nitrofurantoin or TMP/SMX. Recurrent UTIs may require long-term antibiotic prophylaxis.
Bacillary Dysentery
Bacillary dysentery is a type of dysentery caused by Shigella bacteria, most commonly S. sonnei, S. flexneri, and S. dysenteriae. It is characterized by bloody diarrhea resulting from the bacteria invading the intestinal mucosa. The disease is transmitted through the fecal-oral route and symptoms include diarrhea, fever, abdominal cramps, and potentially dehydration. Treatment focuses on fluid replacement and antibiotics when symptoms are severe. Control relies on proper hygiene, sanitation, and avoiding contact with infected individuals.
Hiv infection
The document provides an overview of HIV and AIDS, including:
- HIV is a virus that weakens the immune system and can lead to AIDS if untreated. There are two types, HIV-1 being more prevalent.
- It is typically transmitted sexually, through blood/needles, or mother-to-child. Diagnosis involves antibody tests like ELISA and confirmation with Western Blot.
- If left untreated, it can take 10-15 years for HIV to develop into AIDS. Antiretroviral treatment can slow disease progression. Current global statistics and highest prevalence areas are mentioned.
Malaria (Everything about it)
this presentation involves the definition of malaria, causes, clinical feature, phathophysiology, life cycle, diagnosis, treatment and prevention.
Gonorrhea (1)
Gonorrhea is a sexually transmitted infection caused by the bacteria Neisseria gonorrhoeae. It is transmitted through sexual contact and can also spread from mother to baby during childbirth. Symptoms vary between males and females, with many cases being asymptomatic. When symptoms do occur in males they include dysuria and urethral discharge, while in females symptoms may include increased vaginal discharge or bleeding. Gonorrhea is treated with antibiotics like ceftriaxone or azithromycin. It remains an issue as cases number over 200 million per year globally and antibiotic resistance has increased.
Trichuris+enterobius.ppt
This document provides information on the taxonomy, morphology, life cycles, pathogenesis, clinical features, diagnosis, and treatment of various helminth parasites. It describes the characteristics of nematodes and discusses specific nematodes like Trichuris trichura and Enterobius vermicularis. For T. trichura, it provides details on its morphology, life cycle, clinical manifestations including rectal prolapse, and microscopic identification of eggs in stool samples. For E. vermicularis, it discusses epidemiology in children, morphology of adult worms and eggs, life cycle involving nocturnal emergence of females, and diagnosis using scotch tape tests. Treatment involves repeated doses of albendazole or mebendazole
Introduction to helminthiasis
This document provides an introduction to helminthiasis and anthelmintic drugs. It defines helminthiasis as an infection by parasitic worms, which are classified into three classes: nematodes, cestodes, and trematodes. Worldwide, billions of people are infected with soil-transmitted helminths. Anthelmintic drugs work to kill or remove parasitic worms and include benzimidazoles, piperazines, and praziquantel. Common anthelmintics are albendazole, mebendazole, and praziquantel, which have adverse effects like nausea, vomiting, and abdominal pain.
Chlamydia
Chlamydia is a common sexually transmitted disease (STD) caused by the bacterium, Chlamydia trachomatis, which can damage a woman's reproductive organs. Even though symptoms of chlamydia are usually mild or absent, serious complications that cause irreversible damage, including infertility, can occur "silently" before a woman ever recognizes a problem. Chlamydia also can cause discharge from the penis of an infected man.
How common is chlamydia?Chlamydia is the most frequently reported bacterial sexually transmitted disease in the United States. In 2010, 1,307,893 chlamydial infections were reported to CDC from 50 states and the District of Columbia. Under-reporting is substantial because most people with chlamydia are not aware of their infections and do not seek testing. Also, testing is not often done if patients are treated for their symptoms. An estimated 2.8 million infections occur annually in the U.S. Women are frequently re-infected if their sex partners are not treated.
Urinary tract infections
New and Update information about UTI
Presented by: Dr. Asmatullah Sapand Medical Lecturer and General Medical Specialist
WHO Staging of HIV and AIDS.ppt
The document discusses HIV disease staging according to the World Health Organization (WHO). It describes the three phases of HIV infection: acute phase, chronic phase, and final phase. It outlines the four WHO clinical stages of HIV/AIDS based on presence of conditions: asymptomatic, mild symptoms, advanced illness, and severe illness/AIDS. The stages are used to monitor disease progression and guide clinical management. Accurate staging requires assessing CD4 count and presence of defining illnesses.
Complications of cirrhosis
The document discusses various complications that can arise from cirrhosis of the liver. It describes portal hypertension, ascites, spontaneous bacterial peritonitis, hepatorenal syndrome, hepatic encephalopathy, coagulation abnormalities, and other hematologic abnormalities as common complications. Diagnosis and treatment approaches are mentioned for several of these conditions.
Tularemia
Presentation describes about the topic with diagrams related to the topic which makes understanding easy
Gonorrhea
Gonorrhea
is a sexually transmitted disease (STD) caused by a bacterium.
Gonorrhea can grow easily in the warm, moist areas of the reproductive
tract, including the cervix (opening to the womb), uterus (womb), and
fallopian tubes (egg canals) in women, and in the urethra (urine canal)
in women and men. The bacterium can also grow in the mouth, throat,
eyes, and anus.
People get gonorrhea by having sex with someone who has the disease.
“Having sex” means anal, vaginal, or oral sex. Gonorrhea can still be
transmitted via fluids even if a man does not ejaculate. Gonorrhea can
also be spread from an untreated mother to her baby during childbirth.
People who have had gonorrhea and have been treated may get infected
again if they have sexual contact with a person infected with
gonorrhea.
Hiv and aids
This document discusses HIV and AIDS. It defines HIV as a virus and AIDS as a medical condition that can develop from HIV infection over time without treatment. It describes the causes and transmission of HIV, including through unprotected sex, blood transmission, and from mother to child during pregnancy or birth. The document outlines the symptoms of early HIV infection, asymptomatic HIV, and late-stage HIV/AIDS. It also discusses diagnosis of HIV through blood tests, treatments to slow the virus, and prevention methods.
Viral Gastroenteritis
Have you ever had
the "stomach flu?" What you probably had was gastroenteritis - not a
type of flu at all. Gastroenteritis is an inflammation of the lining of the
intestines caused by a virus, bacteria or parasites. Viral gastroenteritis is
the second most common illness in the U.S. It spreads through contaminated food
or water, and contact with an infected person. The best prevention is frequent
hand washing.
Symptoms of
gastroenteritis include diarrhea, abdominal pain, vomiting, headache, fever
and chills. Most people recover with no treatment.
The most common
problem with gastroenteritis is dehydration. This happens if you do not drink
enough fluids to replace what you lose through vomiting and diarrhea. Dehydration
is most common in babies, young children, the elderly and people with weak
immune systems.
Leprosy
Leprosy is a chronic infectious disease caused by Mycobacterium leprae that attacks the nervous system and skin. It causes numbness and visible deformities as it destroys nerves and cartilage in affected areas over time. The diagnosis is made based on sensory loss and skin lesions. Treatment involves multidrug regimens containing dapsone, clofazimine, and rifampicin over the course of 6 months to 2 years depending on the classification of paucibacillary or multibacillary leprosy. Side effects of the drugs include rashes, discolored skin, and severe itching which usually resolve after treatment completion.
Urinary Tract Infections
5th-year medical student seminar presentation under the supervision of Dr. Sudzilla, a hospital specialist.
Leptospirosis : update on management
Leptospirosis is a zoonotic disease caused by infection with the spirochete Leptospira. It has a wide range of clinical presentations from a mild flu-like illness to a severe disease known as Weil's disease that can cause jaundice, acute kidney injury, and hemorrhage. Diagnosis involves laboratory tests like MAT, ELISA and PCR on blood and urine samples. Treatment consists of antibiotics like doxycycline or penicillin while supportive care is also important. Prevention involves reducing exposure to infected animals or environments through protective measures and vaccination is currently not available.
Hepatitis
This document provides an introduction and overview of hepatitis classification and viruses. It discusses the following key points:
1. Hepatitis is defined as inflammation of the liver caused by viruses. There are 5 main hepatitis viruses - Hepatitis A, B, C, D, and E viruses. Hepatitis B is the only DNA virus, while the others are RNA viruses.
2. The viruses are classified based on their nucleic acid and transmitted through different routes. Hepatitis A and E are transmitted via the fecal-oral route, while Hepatitis B, C, D are blood-borne.
3. Each virus is then discussed in more detail covering features like morphology, epidemiology, pathogenesis, diagnosis, and
Leptospira weil's disease
Leptospira are thin, spiral-shaped bacteria that can cause leptospirosis, a zoonotic disease. They have two flagella that allow for motility. Leptospirosis is transmitted through contact with urine from infected animals. It has varied clinical manifestations from mild flu-like symptoms to severe jaundice, kidney damage, and hemorrhaging known as Weil's disease. Diagnosis is made through microscopic agglutination testing of antibodies in serum. Proper treatment requires antibiotics.
Malaria presentation
Malaria is a mosquito-borne disease caused by Plasmodium parasites. In 2018, 228 million people were infected globally resulting in over 400,000 deaths. India accounts for 3% of global malaria cases and deaths, with most cases concentrated in 7 states. Malaria is transmitted via the bites of infected female Anopheles mosquitoes. Symptoms include fever, chills, and flu-like illness, with P. falciparum infections potentially causing severe complications like cerebral malaria, severe anemia, or respiratory distress. Proper diagnosis and treatment are needed to prevent mortality from this widespread and potentially deadly disease.
Malaria life cycle, clinical features and management
This document provides an overview of malaria in India. It discusses the epidemiology and life cycle of the malaria parasite, clinical features of both uncomplicated and severe malaria, and treatment approaches. Malaria remains a major public health problem in India, where Plasmodium falciparum is the predominant cause of infection. Transmission is highest in rural areas, and states like Odisha contribute a large proportion of national cases. Clinical presentation depends on transmission intensity and immune status.
Septicemia
1. Septicemia, also known as blood poisoning, occurs when large amounts of bacteria enter the bloodstream, potentially leading to septic shock. It is commonly caused by pneumonia or infections associated with medical interventions.
2. Symptoms of sepsis include fever, fast heart rate, fast or difficult breathing, pale or sweaty skin, and changes in mental status. Septic shock occurs when sepsis leads to dangerously low blood pressure and organ dysfunction.
3. Diagnosis involves identifying an infection and signs of organ dysfunction. Laboratory tests show abnormalities in white blood cell count, platelet count, lactate levels, and organ functioning. Empiric antibiotic therapy is started based on suspected infection site before culture results.
Tularemia
Presentation on Tularemia, its pathogenesis, causes, signs and symptoms, diagnosis, treatment, lifecycle of the bacteria and prevention.
Leptospirosis
Leptospirosis is a zoonotic disease caused by Leptospira interrogans bacteria. It has an incubation period ranging from 7-19 days with an average of 10 days. People can contract it through contact with flood waters or soil contaminated by the urine of infected animals like rats. Clinical manifestations include fever, muscle pain, headache, and potentially liver or kidney failure in severe cases. Diagnosis involves examining blood and CSF during the first week or urine on the 10th day. It is treated with antibiotics like penicillin prescribed by a physician.
Gonorrhea
Gonorrhea is a sexually transmitted infection caused by the bacterium Neisseria gonorrhoeae. It can be transmitted through any type of sexual contact with an infected person and symptoms may include painful urination and discharge from the genitals. While many infected people do not show symptoms, untreated gonorrhea can lead to serious complications like pelvic inflammatory disease and infertility. Gonorrhea is usually treated with antibiotics like ceftriaxone or azithromycin.
Malaria
A 30-year-old man recently traveled to several countries in Africa, Asia, and Europe and has now presented with fever, headache, weakness and malaise for three days. Malaria is considered the most likely diagnosis given his travel history, symptoms, and physical exam findings. Malaria is a mosquito-borne parasitic infection that infects 300-500 million people annually, causing over 1 million deaths mostly in young children in Africa. Diagnosis is made through blood smears and rapid diagnostic tests detecting malaria antigens or DNA.
Malaria powerpoint
Malaria is caused by parasites of the Plasmodium type, which are transmitted via the bites of infected Anopheles mosquitoes. The parasites multiply in the liver and then infect red blood cells. Symptoms of malaria include fever, chills, and flu-like illness. Malaria most commonly occurs in subtropical and tropical areas of Africa, Asia, and South America. While the disease can be treated with antimalarial drugs, prevention through mosquito bite avoidance and antimalarial prophylaxis is most effective.
More Related Content
What's hot
Introduction to helminthiasis
This document provides an introduction to helminthiasis and anthelmintic drugs. It defines helminthiasis as an infection by parasitic worms, which are classified into three classes: nematodes, cestodes, and trematodes. Worldwide, billions of people are infected with soil-transmitted helminths. Anthelmintic drugs work to kill or remove parasitic worms and include benzimidazoles, piperazines, and praziquantel. Common anthelmintics are albendazole, mebendazole, and praziquantel, which have adverse effects like nausea, vomiting, and abdominal pain.
Chlamydia
Chlamydia is a common sexually transmitted disease (STD) caused by the bacterium, Chlamydia trachomatis, which can damage a woman's reproductive organs. Even though symptoms of chlamydia are usually mild or absent, serious complications that cause irreversible damage, including infertility, can occur "silently" before a woman ever recognizes a problem. Chlamydia also can cause discharge from the penis of an infected man.
How common is chlamydia?Chlamydia is the most frequently reported bacterial sexually transmitted disease in the United States. In 2010, 1,307,893 chlamydial infections were reported to CDC from 50 states and the District of Columbia. Under-reporting is substantial because most people with chlamydia are not aware of their infections and do not seek testing. Also, testing is not often done if patients are treated for their symptoms. An estimated 2.8 million infections occur annually in the U.S. Women are frequently re-infected if their sex partners are not treated.
Urinary tract infections
New and Update information about UTI
Presented by: Dr. Asmatullah Sapand Medical Lecturer and General Medical Specialist
WHO Staging of HIV and AIDS.ppt
The document discusses HIV disease staging according to the World Health Organization (WHO). It describes the three phases of HIV infection: acute phase, chronic phase, and final phase. It outlines the four WHO clinical stages of HIV/AIDS based on presence of conditions: asymptomatic, mild symptoms, advanced illness, and severe illness/AIDS. The stages are used to monitor disease progression and guide clinical management. Accurate staging requires assessing CD4 count and presence of defining illnesses.
Complications of cirrhosis
The document discusses various complications that can arise from cirrhosis of the liver. It describes portal hypertension, ascites, spontaneous bacterial peritonitis, hepatorenal syndrome, hepatic encephalopathy, coagulation abnormalities, and other hematologic abnormalities as common complications. Diagnosis and treatment approaches are mentioned for several of these conditions.
Tularemia
Presentation describes about the topic with diagrams related to the topic which makes understanding easy
Gonorrhea
Gonorrhea
is a sexually transmitted disease (STD) caused by a bacterium.
Gonorrhea can grow easily in the warm, moist areas of the reproductive
tract, including the cervix (opening to the womb), uterus (womb), and
fallopian tubes (egg canals) in women, and in the urethra (urine canal)
in women and men. The bacterium can also grow in the mouth, throat,
eyes, and anus.
People get gonorrhea by having sex with someone who has the disease.
“Having sex” means anal, vaginal, or oral sex. Gonorrhea can still be
transmitted via fluids even if a man does not ejaculate. Gonorrhea can
also be spread from an untreated mother to her baby during childbirth.
People who have had gonorrhea and have been treated may get infected
again if they have sexual contact with a person infected with
gonorrhea.
Hiv and aids
This document discusses HIV and AIDS. It defines HIV as a virus and AIDS as a medical condition that can develop from HIV infection over time without treatment. It describes the causes and transmission of HIV, including through unprotected sex, blood transmission, and from mother to child during pregnancy or birth. The document outlines the symptoms of early HIV infection, asymptomatic HIV, and late-stage HIV/AIDS. It also discusses diagnosis of HIV through blood tests, treatments to slow the virus, and prevention methods.
Viral Gastroenteritis
Have you ever had
the "stomach flu?" What you probably had was gastroenteritis - not a
type of flu at all. Gastroenteritis is an inflammation of the lining of the
intestines caused by a virus, bacteria or parasites. Viral gastroenteritis is
the second most common illness in the U.S. It spreads through contaminated food
or water, and contact with an infected person. The best prevention is frequent
hand washing.
Symptoms of
gastroenteritis include diarrhea, abdominal pain, vomiting, headache, fever
and chills. Most people recover with no treatment.
The most common
problem with gastroenteritis is dehydration. This happens if you do not drink
enough fluids to replace what you lose through vomiting and diarrhea. Dehydration
is most common in babies, young children, the elderly and people with weak
immune systems.
Leprosy
Leprosy is a chronic infectious disease caused by Mycobacterium leprae that attacks the nervous system and skin. It causes numbness and visible deformities as it destroys nerves and cartilage in affected areas over time. The diagnosis is made based on sensory loss and skin lesions. Treatment involves multidrug regimens containing dapsone, clofazimine, and rifampicin over the course of 6 months to 2 years depending on the classification of paucibacillary or multibacillary leprosy. Side effects of the drugs include rashes, discolored skin, and severe itching which usually resolve after treatment completion.
Urinary Tract Infections
5th-year medical student seminar presentation under the supervision of Dr. Sudzilla, a hospital specialist.
Leptospirosis : update on management
Leptospirosis is a zoonotic disease caused by infection with the spirochete Leptospira. It has a wide range of clinical presentations from a mild flu-like illness to a severe disease known as Weil's disease that can cause jaundice, acute kidney injury, and hemorrhage. Diagnosis involves laboratory tests like MAT, ELISA and PCR on blood and urine samples. Treatment consists of antibiotics like doxycycline or penicillin while supportive care is also important. Prevention involves reducing exposure to infected animals or environments through protective measures and vaccination is currently not available.
Hepatitis
This document provides an introduction and overview of hepatitis classification and viruses. It discusses the following key points:
1. Hepatitis is defined as inflammation of the liver caused by viruses. There are 5 main hepatitis viruses - Hepatitis A, B, C, D, and E viruses. Hepatitis B is the only DNA virus, while the others are RNA viruses.
2. The viruses are classified based on their nucleic acid and transmitted through different routes. Hepatitis A and E are transmitted via the fecal-oral route, while Hepatitis B, C, D are blood-borne.
3. Each virus is then discussed in more detail covering features like morphology, epidemiology, pathogenesis, diagnosis, and
Leptospira weil's disease
Leptospira are thin, spiral-shaped bacteria that can cause leptospirosis, a zoonotic disease. They have two flagella that allow for motility. Leptospirosis is transmitted through contact with urine from infected animals. It has varied clinical manifestations from mild flu-like symptoms to severe jaundice, kidney damage, and hemorrhaging known as Weil's disease. Diagnosis is made through microscopic agglutination testing of antibodies in serum. Proper treatment requires antibiotics.
Malaria presentation
Malaria is a mosquito-borne disease caused by Plasmodium parasites. In 2018, 228 million people were infected globally resulting in over 400,000 deaths. India accounts for 3% of global malaria cases and deaths, with most cases concentrated in 7 states. Malaria is transmitted via the bites of infected female Anopheles mosquitoes. Symptoms include fever, chills, and flu-like illness, with P. falciparum infections potentially causing severe complications like cerebral malaria, severe anemia, or respiratory distress. Proper diagnosis and treatment are needed to prevent mortality from this widespread and potentially deadly disease.
Malaria life cycle, clinical features and management
This document provides an overview of malaria in India. It discusses the epidemiology and life cycle of the malaria parasite, clinical features of both uncomplicated and severe malaria, and treatment approaches. Malaria remains a major public health problem in India, where Plasmodium falciparum is the predominant cause of infection. Transmission is highest in rural areas, and states like Odisha contribute a large proportion of national cases. Clinical presentation depends on transmission intensity and immune status.
Septicemia
1. Septicemia, also known as blood poisoning, occurs when large amounts of bacteria enter the bloodstream, potentially leading to septic shock. It is commonly caused by pneumonia or infections associated with medical interventions.
2. Symptoms of sepsis include fever, fast heart rate, fast or difficult breathing, pale or sweaty skin, and changes in mental status. Septic shock occurs when sepsis leads to dangerously low blood pressure and organ dysfunction.
3. Diagnosis involves identifying an infection and signs of organ dysfunction. Laboratory tests show abnormalities in white blood cell count, platelet count, lactate levels, and organ functioning. Empiric antibiotic therapy is started based on suspected infection site before culture results.
Tularemia
Presentation on Tularemia, its pathogenesis, causes, signs and symptoms, diagnosis, treatment, lifecycle of the bacteria and prevention.
Leptospirosis
Leptospirosis is a zoonotic disease caused by Leptospira interrogans bacteria. It has an incubation period ranging from 7-19 days with an average of 10 days. People can contract it through contact with flood waters or soil contaminated by the urine of infected animals like rats. Clinical manifestations include fever, muscle pain, headache, and potentially liver or kidney failure in severe cases. Diagnosis involves examining blood and CSF during the first week or urine on the 10th day. It is treated with antibiotics like penicillin prescribed by a physician.
Gonorrhea
Gonorrhea is a sexually transmitted infection caused by the bacterium Neisseria gonorrhoeae. It can be transmitted through any type of sexual contact with an infected person and symptoms may include painful urination and discharge from the genitals. While many infected people do not show symptoms, untreated gonorrhea can lead to serious complications like pelvic inflammatory disease and infertility. Gonorrhea is usually treated with antibiotics like ceftriaxone or azithromycin.
What's hot (20)
Malaria life cycle, clinical features and management
Malaria life cycle, clinical features and management
Viewers also liked
Malaria
A 30-year-old man recently traveled to several countries in Africa, Asia, and Europe and has now presented with fever, headache, weakness and malaise for three days. Malaria is considered the most likely diagnosis given his travel history, symptoms, and physical exam findings. Malaria is a mosquito-borne parasitic infection that infects 300-500 million people annually, causing over 1 million deaths mostly in young children in Africa. Diagnosis is made through blood smears and rapid diagnostic tests detecting malaria antigens or DNA.
Malaria powerpoint
Malaria is caused by parasites of the Plasmodium type, which are transmitted via the bites of infected Anopheles mosquitoes. The parasites multiply in the liver and then infect red blood cells. Symptoms of malaria include fever, chills, and flu-like illness. Malaria most commonly occurs in subtropical and tropical areas of Africa, Asia, and South America. While the disease can be treated with antimalarial drugs, prevention through mosquito bite avoidance and antimalarial prophylaxis is most effective.
Cerebral malaria
1. Cerebral malaria is a severe complication of malaria caused by Plasmodium falciparum parasites sequestering in the brain. This can lead to coma and potentially death.
2. Parasites adhere to brain endothelial cells causing hypoxia, endothelial damage, and blood-brain barrier dysfunction. Cytokines also contribute to pathogenesis.
3. Treatment involves prompt parenteral antimalarial drugs like artesunate or quinine to prevent death. Managing complications and preventing neurological deficits are also important objectives.
Sem symptoms and signs of diabetes
This document discusses the symptoms and signs of diabetes. It defines the difference between symptoms experienced by patients and signs observed by doctors. Common symptoms of diabetes include increased thirst (polydipsia), frequent urination (polyuria), and increased hunger (polyphagia). Type 1 diabetes is caused by an autoimmune reaction destroying insulin-producing cells, while type 2 diabetes involves the body not producing enough insulin or not properly responding to it. Gestational diabetes only occurs during pregnancy. Diabetes can be difficult to detect due to sometimes vague symptoms, making it a "silent killer".
Malaria clinical features
This document provides information on malaria, including its epidemiology, clinical features, diagnosis, and complications. It discusses that malaria is a major public health problem, with half of the world's population at risk. Clinical features include fever, chills, and headaches. Malaria can be uncomplicated or complicated/severe, with the latter presenting dangers like cerebral malaria, anemia, and respiratory distress. Diagnosis involves microscopy of blood smears or rapid diagnostic tests detecting malaria antigens.
My malaria lecture
This document provides a detailed overview of malaria, including:
1. Malaria is caused by Plasmodium parasites and is a major public health problem in warm climates, especially developing countries. It commonly affects children under 5.
2. The parasite has a complex life cycle involving human and mosquito hosts. Mosquitoes transmit the parasite during blood feeding, with the parasite multiplying in the liver and red blood cells.
3. Clinical features range from asymptomatic infection to severe disease depending on transmission level and host immunity. Symptoms include fever, vomiting, and anemia. Prompt diagnosis and treatment are important to prevent progression to severe malaria.
Viewers also liked (6)
Similar to Malaria Clinical Features
3 Malaria Clinical Features
Malaria is a febrile illness characterized by fever and related symptoms that are related to the life cycle of the malaria parasite in red blood cells. The first symptoms after infection are called the primary attack and typically include fever, chills, and flu-like symptoms. Further attacks known as paroxysms occur regularly as the parasite invades new red blood cells and can cause anemia, enlarged spleen, coma, and other complications if severe. Cerebral malaria, severe anemia, acute renal failure, and other severe manifestations can occur. Pregnant women and children are more vulnerable to severe disease.
Management issues in malaria
This document discusses management issues related to malaria. It begins by noting that malaria is a major killer worldwide, with approximately one million deaths per year. It then describes the typical clinical presentations and incubation periods of different malaria species. It discusses unusual presentations, complications like cerebral malaria and acute renal failure, and common errors in diagnosis. The document concludes by outlining general principles of malaria management, including drug therapy options and their dosages. Key recommendations include quinine or artesunate-based combinations for treating falciparum malaria due to widespread drug resistance.
Endocrine emergencies
The document discusses various endocrine emergencies including diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA), hypoglycemia, and thyroid storm. It provides details on the causes, symptoms, diagnostic criteria and treatment approaches for each condition. DKA results from lack of insulin and needs urgent treatment including rehydration, insulin administration, and electrolyte correction. Hypoglycemia can be caused by too much insulin or too little food intake and requires glucose administration. Thyroid storm is a life-threatening exacerbation of hyperthyroidism that requires treatments to correct the hyperthyroidism and address any precipitating factors.
Endocrine emergencies
The document discusses various endocrine emergencies including diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA), hypoglycemia, and thyroid storm. It provides details on the causes, symptoms, diagnostic criteria and treatment approaches for each condition. DKA results from lack of insulin and needs urgent treatment including rehydration, insulin administration, and electrolyte correction. Hypoglycemia can be caused by too much insulin or too little food intake and requires glucose administration. Thyroid storm is a life-threatening exacerbation of hyperthyroidism that requires treatments to correct the hyperthyroidism and address any precipitating factors.
Complications of malaria
Cerebral malaria is a serious complication of Plasmodium falciparum infection that commonly affects children and non-immune adults, causing decreased consciousness ranging from drowsiness to coma. Late stage parasites cause aggregation of red blood cells in the brain, leading to capillary plugging, anoxia, and hemorrhage. Renal failure is also common, resulting from deposition of hemoglobin in renal tubules and decreased blood flow. Other complications include non-cardiogenic pulmonary edema, hypoglycemia from hepatic dysfunction, acidosis, anemia, thrombocytopenia, and jaundice. Chronic complications include tropical splenomegaly and quartan malarial nephropathy.
Leptospirosis
This describes leptospirosis pathology, diagnosis, complications and management . This is base on evidence of sri lankan guidelines and research articles
Complications of Diabetes Mellitus & its Management.ppt
In diabetes mellitus (DM), years of poorly controlled hyperglycemia lead to multiple, primarily vascular, complications that affect small vessels (microvascular), large vessels (macrovascular) or both.
Immune dysfunction is another major complication and develops from the direct effects of hyperglycemia on cellular immunity.
Dengue 1
Dengue is caused by the dengue virus, which has four serotypes. It is transmitted by Aedes mosquitoes, most commonly A. aegypti. Infection typically involves a febrile phase followed by a critical phase where vascular permeability increases, which can lead to hemorrhage and shock. Treatment focuses on fluid replacement to address plasma leakage. Patients are monitored for warning signs and classified as outpatients, inpatients requiring IV fluids, or needing intensive care due to shock or organ impairment from severe dengue.
APSGN.pptx
The document discusses nephritic syndrome and its causes. It provides details on:
1. Acute post-streptococcal glomerulonephritis (APSGN), a classical illness resulting from prior streptococcal infection that presents with hematuria, edema, and hypertension.
2. Hemolytic uremic syndrome (HUS), mostly affecting children under 4, that follows gastroenteritis and presents with anemia, hematuria, edema, oliguria, and hypertension.
3. Differentiating features between nephrotic and nephritic syndrome based on onset, edema, blood pressure, proteinuria, and hematuria.
Tropical infections in Indian icu
1. The document discusses several tropical infections including leptospirosis, dengue, malaria, and scrub typhus.
2. Leptospirosis is a zoonotic bacterial infection transmitted through contact with infected animal urine. It causes non-specific flu-like symptoms and can lead to life-threatening complications affecting multiple organs.
3. Dengue, or "break bone fever", is a mosquito-borne viral infection with four serotypes. Most cases are mild but it can develop into severe dengue with plasma leakage and potentially fatal complications.
A Case of Infective Endocarditis
This document describes a case of a 46-year-old male presenting with 3 weeks of fever, 1 day of slurred speech, and 1 day of left-sided weakness. He has a history of valvular heart disease. Examination found a pansystolic murmur and left hemiparesis. Tests showed vegetations on the mitral valve and multiple brain infarcts. He was diagnosed with infective endocarditis and treated with antibiotics. A discussion of infective endocarditis follows covering topics like pathogenesis, risk factors, clinical manifestations, complications, and diagnosis.
Intraoperative Hypothermia
Hypothermia is defined as a core body temperature below 36°C and can be classified as mild (35-32°C), moderate (32-28°C), or severe (<28°C). It carries significant risks such as cardiovascular instability, coagulopathy, and impaired drug metabolism. Prevention techniques include warming intravenous fluids and the operating room. Treatment involves initially allowing passive rewarming, but active internal rewarming may be necessary for more severe hypothermia using methods like warmed intravenous or intraperitoneal fluids. Pharmacological agents that can treat shivering include meperidine, nalbuphine, tramadol, clonidine, and opioids like morphine.
Sepsis – pathophysiology and management
- Sepsis is a systemic inflammatory response caused by infection that can progress to severe sepsis and septic shock. Severe sepsis is defined as sepsis with organ dysfunction, while septic shock involves hypotension refractory to fluid resuscitation along with lactate levels over 2 mmol/L despite fluid resuscitation.
- The pathophysiology involves an initial infection that triggers a systemic inflammatory response and release of cytokines and mediators, leading to endothelial damage, coagulation abnormalities, hypotension, and ultimately multiple organ dysfunction if not treated.
- Treatment involves early goal-directed therapy within 3-6 hours including antibiotics, fluid resuscitation, vasopressors, inotropes, and measures to optimize
Correlation liver disfunction and infection disease (dengue typhoid fever)01
Correlation Liver Disfunction and Infection Disease (Dengue and Typhoid Fever)
Dr Erwin, SpPD, FINASIM
Disampaikan pada acara PIT VI IDI Kota Bogor | 9 Nopember 2013
Drug toxicity
This document discusses drug toxicity, drug withdrawal, anaphylaxis, anaesthetic complications, sepsis, and management of septic shock in pregnancy. It provides information on the signs, symptoms, and treatments for various drug reactions and medical conditions. Key points include:
- Opioids can cause respiratory depression, bradycardia, and hypotension. Naloxone is used to reverse opioid effects.
- Sepsis is a significant cause of maternal morbidity and mortality. The most common organisms are streptococcal groups and E. coli. Fever or hypothermia with tachycardia and tachypnea are signs.
- Management of septic shock involves early detection, source control
Cirrhosis Of Liver
This document discusses cirrhosis of the liver, including causes, histological types, clinical features, complications, investigations, management, and prognosis. Cirrhosis results in prolonged morbidity and premature death. Common causes include alcohol, viral hepatitis, and genetic conditions. Complications include portal hypertension, ascites, hepatic encephalopathy, and hepatocellular carcinoma. Management involves treating the underlying cause, managing complications, and liver transplantation in severe cases. Prognosis depends on liver function, with 50% surviving 5 years if function is good.
Approach to endocrine disorders
This document summarizes the approach to various endocrine disorders and their presentations. It discusses the most common presenting symptoms of conditions like diabetes mellitus, thyroid diseases, adrenal diseases, and disorders of the hypothalamus and pituitary gland. For each condition, it outlines related signs and symptoms, investigations for diagnosis, and management approaches. The document provides a comprehensive overview of evaluating and treating endocrine-related health issues.
MYXOEDEMA COMA
Myxedema coma is a life-threatening complication of severe hypothyroidism. It is characterized by decreased level of consciousness, hypothermia, and other symptoms. Precipitating factors include infection, medications, and cold exposure. Diagnosis involves finding very high TSH and low T4 levels. Treatment requires intensive care, addressing precipitants, fluid management, warming, and thyroid hormone replacement therapy with intravenous T4 or T3. Even with treatment, mortality rates are high at 50-60%.
Malaria
The document discusses malaria, caused by parasites of the Plasmodium genus transmitted via mosquito bites. It affects over 100 countries and kills approximately 2,000 people per day. The most common species causing malaria in India are P. vivax, P. falciparum, P. ovale, and P. knowlesi, with P. falciparum being the most lethal. Malaria symptoms include fever, fatigue, nausea, and in severe cases can include cerebral malaria, acidosis, anemia, renal failure, pulmonary edema, hypoglycemia, and death. Diagnosis involves examining blood smears under a microscope for parasites. Treatment depends on the Plasmodium species and may include chloroquine,
shock cme.pptx
Shock is an acute condition characterized by inadequate oxygen delivery to tissues due to low blood flow. The main types of shock in children are hypovolemic, septic, cardiogenic, distributive, and obstructive. Septic shock is a leading cause of mortality worldwide in children. Early recognition and intervention, including fluid resuscitation and inotropic support, as well as treating any underlying infection, are important to prevent progression to uncompensated shock and organ failure. Outcomes have improved with educational efforts promoting rapid evaluation and management.
Similar to Malaria Clinical Features (20)
Complications of Diabetes Mellitus & its Management.ppt
Complications of Diabetes Mellitus & its Management.ppt
Correlation liver disfunction and infection disease (dengue typhoid fever)01
Correlation liver disfunction and infection disease (dengue typhoid fever)01
Recently uploaded
Efficacy of Avartana Sneha in Ayurveda
Avartana Sneha is a unique method of Preparation of Sneha Kalpana in Ayurveda, mainly it is indicated for the Vataja rogas.
Top 10 Best Ayurvedic Kidney Stone Syrups in India
we have mentioned the best 10 ayurvedic Kidney Stone Syrups. You can check all these products and choose the best one for yourself.
Local Advanced Lung Cancer: Artificial Intelligence, Synergetics, Complex Sys...
Overall life span (LS) was 1671.7±1721.6 days and cumulative 5YS reached 62.4%, 10 years – 50.4%, 20 years – 44.6%. 94 LCP lived more than 5 years without cancer (LS=2958.6±1723.6 days), 22 – more than 10 years (LS=5571±1841.8 days). 67 LCP died because of LC (LS=471.9±344 days). AT significantly improved 5YS (68% vs. 53.7%) (P=0.028 by log-rank test). Cox modeling displayed that 5YS of LCP significantly depended on: N0-N12, T3-4, blood cell circuit, cell ratio factors (ratio between cancer cells-CC and blood cells subpopulations), LC cell dynamics, recalcification time, heparin tolerance, prothrombin index, protein, AT, procedure type (P=0.000-0.031). Neural networks, genetic algorithm selection and bootstrap simulation revealed relationships between 5YS and N0-12 (rank=1), thrombocytes/CC (rank=2), segmented neutrophils/CC (3), eosinophils/CC (4), erythrocytes/CC (5), healthy cells/CC (6), lymphocytes/CC (7), stick neutrophils/CC (8), leucocytes/CC (9), monocytes/CC (10). Correct prediction of 5YS was 100% by neural networks computing (error=0.000; area under ROC curve=1.0).
Osteoporosis - Definition , Evaluation and Management .pdf
Osteoporosis is an increasing cause of morbidity among the elderly.
In this document , a brief outline of osteoporosis is given , including the risk factors of osteoporosis fractures , the indications for testing bone mineral density and the management of osteoporosis
Promoting Wellbeing - Applied Social Psychology - Psychology SuperNotes
A proprietary approach developed by bringing together the best of learning theories from Psychology, design principles from the world of visualization, and pedagogical methods from over a decade of training experience, that enables you to: Learn better, faster!
Post-Menstrual Smell- When to Suspect Vaginitis.pptx
Do you have abnormal smell after periods? It may be vaginitis. Do not worry, herbal medicine Fuyan Pill can help you get a cure.
Integrating Ayurveda into Parkinson’s Management: A Holistic Approach
Explore the benefits of combining Ayurveda with conventional Parkinson's treatments. Learn how a holistic approach can manage symptoms, enhance well-being, and balance body energies. Discover the steps to safely integrate Ayurvedic practices into your Parkinson’s care plan, including expert guidance on diet, herbal remedies, and lifestyle modifications.
Top Effective Soaps for Fungal Skin Infections in India
Swisschem Dermacare has mentioned the List of The Best Antifungal Soap In India 2022. All of these soaps are trusted by various Dermatology Experts.
Cell Therapy Expansion and Challenges in Autoimmune Disease
There is increasing confidence that cell therapies will soon play a role in the treatment of autoimmune disorders, but the extent of this impact remains to be seen. Early readouts on autologous CAR-Ts in lupus are encouraging, but manufacturing and cost limitations are likely to restrict access to highly refractory patients. Allogeneic CAR-Ts have the potential to broaden access to earlier lines of treatment due to their inherent cost benefits, however they will need to demonstrate comparable or improved efficacy to established modalities.
In addition to infrastructure and capacity constraints, CAR-Ts face a very different risk-benefit dynamic in autoimmune compared to oncology, highlighting the need for tolerable therapies with low adverse event risk. CAR-NK and Treg-based therapies are also being developed in certain autoimmune disorders and may demonstrate favorable safety profiles. Several novel non-cell therapies such as bispecific antibodies, nanobodies, and RNAi drugs, may also offer future alternative competitive solutions with variable value propositions.
Widespread adoption of cell therapies will not only require strong efficacy and safety data, but also adapted pricing and access strategies. At oncology-based price points, CAR-Ts are unlikely to achieve broad market access in autoimmune disorders, with eligible patient populations that are potentially orders of magnitude greater than the number of currently addressable cancer patients. Developers have made strides towards reducing cell therapy COGS while improving manufacturing efficiency, but payors will inevitably restrict access until more sustainable pricing is achieved.
Despite these headwinds, industry leaders and investors remain confident that cell therapies are poised to address significant unmet need in patients suffering from autoimmune disorders. However, the extent of this impact on the treatment landscape remains to be seen, as the industry rapidly approaches an inflection point.
Does Over-Masturbation Contribute to Chronic Prostatitis.pptx
In some case, your chronic prostatitis may be related to over-masturbation. Generally, natural medicine Diuretic and Anti-inflammatory Pill can help mee get a cure.
Recently uploaded (20)
Top 10 Best Ayurvedic Kidney Stone Syrups in India
Top 10 Best Ayurvedic Kidney Stone Syrups in India
Local Advanced Lung Cancer: Artificial Intelligence, Synergetics, Complex Sys...
Local Advanced Lung Cancer: Artificial Intelligence, Synergetics, Complex Sys...
Osteoporosis - Definition , Evaluation and Management .pdf
Osteoporosis - Definition , Evaluation and Management .pdf
Promoting Wellbeing - Applied Social Psychology - Psychology SuperNotes
Promoting Wellbeing - Applied Social Psychology - Psychology SuperNotes
Post-Menstrual Smell- When to Suspect Vaginitis.pptx
Post-Menstrual Smell- When to Suspect Vaginitis.pptx
Integrating Ayurveda into Parkinson’s Management: A Holistic Approach
Integrating Ayurveda into Parkinson’s Management: A Holistic Approach
Tests for analysis of different pharmaceutical.pptx
Tests for analysis of different pharmaceutical.pptx
Top Effective Soaps for Fungal Skin Infections in India
Top Effective Soaps for Fungal Skin Infections in India
Cell Therapy Expansion and Challenges in Autoimmune Disease
Cell Therapy Expansion and Challenges in Autoimmune Disease
Does Over-Masturbation Contribute to Chronic Prostatitis.pptx
Does Over-Masturbation Contribute to Chronic Prostatitis.pptx
Malaria Clinical Features
- 1. MD.Kiyumars Karimi MALARIA CLINICAL FEATURES
- 2. CLINICAL FEATURES First symptoms are non specific: Headache Fatigue Myalgia and Arthralgia Incubation period: Depends on species 8 to 25 days Affected by partial immunity Signs: Non specific Anemia Hepatolienal syndrome
- 4. Acute Malaria Disease Malarial paroxysm stages: 1. Cold stage 2. Hot stage 3. Diaphoresis stage o Cold stage: Feeling of intense cold Vigorous shivering Lasts 15-30 minute Accompanied by headache, nausea & myalgia
- 5. Paroxysm stages o Hot stage: Intense Heat Dry burning skin Hypotension Lasts 15 minute to several hours o Sweating stage: Profuse sweating Declining temperature Exhaustion Lasts 2-4 hours
- 6. Complicated Malaria Cerebral Malaria Hypoglycemia Non Cardiogenic Pulmonary Edema Metabolic Acidosis Renal Impairment Hematological Disorders Liver Dysfunctions Hyperpyrexia Hyperparasitemia Hemoglobinuria
- 7. Cerebral Malaria Ominous feature of P.falciparum Sudden or gradual onset Diffuse symmetric encephalopathy Focal neurological deficit is uncommon Divergent eye and pout reflex is common Muscle dystonia Preserved corneal reflex except indeep coma Retinal hemorrhage in 15 % of patients Residual neurological defecit
- 8. Hypoglycemia Important and common complication Associated with poor prognosis Problematic in children and pregnant women Clinical diagnosis maybe difficult Causes: Hepatic gluconeogenesis failure Increase glucose consumption by host and lesser by parasite drug induced hypoglycemia
- 9. Acidosis Important cause of death Results from organic acid accumulation Hyperlactatemia coexist with hypoglycemia Acidotic breathing is a sign of poor prognosis Bicarbonate or lactate are best biochemical prognosticators Causes: Anaerobic glycolysis Hypovolemia Lactate production by the parasites Failure of hepatic and renal lactate clearance
- 10. Noncardiogenic Pulmonary Edema May develops even after antimalarial therapy. More common in adults. Mortality rate is >80% Predisposing factors: Renal failure Pregnancy Hyper parasitemia Pathogenesis: Exact pathogenesis is unclear. Pulmonary microvascular obstruction and increased TNF α. Aggravated by vigorous administration of IV Fluid.
- 11. Renal impairment More common among adults. High mortality (upto 45%) May occur with other vital-organ dysfunction. Manifest as Acute tubular necrosis. Renal cortical necrosis never develops Pathogenesis: Exact pathogenesis is unclear. May related to microcirculatory obstruction.
- 12. Other Complications Anemia results from: Accelerated RBC removing by spleen RBC destruction by schizont Ineffective erythropoiesis Liver Dysfunction • Hemolytic jaundice is common. • sever with P.falciparum infection. • Pathogenesis: ∙ Hemolysis ∙ Hepatocyte injury ∙ Cholestasis
- 13. Malaria in Pregnancy Pregnant women prone to sever infection. Common adverse effect on foetal: Stillbirths Fetal distress LBW IUGR Prematurity Maternal effect: Maternal anemia Higher mortality from cerebral malaria Premature labor
- 14. Malaria in Children Mortality is more in children. May present with labored deep breathing Long term neurocognitive & developmental deficit Conditions rare in child: Deep jaundice Acute renal failure Acute pulmonary edema