Communicable disease

2. Definition
• Bacillarydysentery is a type of dysentery caused by
Shigellosis.
• Bacillarydysentery is associated with species of bacteria
from the Enterobacteriaceae family. The term is usually
restricted to Shigella infections.
• Shigellosis is caused by one of several types of Shigella
bacteria.
• Threespecies are associated with bacillarydysentery :
• Shigellasonnei,
• Shigellaflexneri
• Shigelladysenteriae.

3. • Salmonellosiscaused by Salmonella enterica (serovar
Typhimurium) has also been described as a causeof
bacillarydysentery, though this definition is less
common.
• It is sometimes listed as an explicitdifferential
diagnosis of bacillary dysentery, as opposed to a
cause.
• Bacillarydysentery should not be confused with
diarrhea caused by a bacterial infection.
• Onecharacteristic of bacillary dysentery is blood in
stool which is the resultof invasion of the mucosa by
the pathogen.

4. Synonyms
Shigella
Shigella infection
Salmonella infection

5. Morphological Description of
Biologic Agent
 Shigella is a genus of gram-negative, non-spore
forming rod-shaped bacteria closely related to
Escherichia Coli and Salmonella.
 The causative agent of human shigellosis, Shigella
cause disease in primates, but not in other mammals.
It is only naturally found in humans and apes. During
infection, it typically causes dysentery.

6. Mode of Transmission
 Shigellainfection is typicallyvia ingestion (fecal–
oral contamination);dependingon age and
conditionof the host as few as ten bacterial cells
can be enough to causean infection.

7. Signs and Symptoms
 Most peoplewho are infected with Shigella develop
diarrhea, fever, and abdominal cramps.
 Severityof the disease ranges from mild to very severe
diarrhea. Diarrhea is bloody 25-50 percent of the time
and most often contains mucus. Rectal spasms are
common.
 The illness starts 12 hours to 6 days, usually 1-2 days,
after exposure. Dehydration is also a common
symptom of Shigella infection.
 Nausea or vomiting may also be experienced. Muscle
aches also occur. In some cases, white blood cell count
is lower than normal at the onset.

8. Diagnostics/Lab Tests
Your own observation of
symptoms.
Medical history and physical exam
by a doctor.
Laboratory stool culture.
Blood counts.

9. Period of Communicability
 Shigellosisis spread during the acute infection
and until the infectiousagent is no longer present
in feces. This can last as long as four weeks.
 Asymptomaticcarriers have the abilityto
transmitdisease.
 Thedurationof carriagemay be reduced with the
useof antibiotics.

10. Incubation Period
 The incubationperiod may range from 12 to 96
hours (one to three days).

11. Outcome of Disease
 Most shigellainfectionsare mildand don't
requiredrastictreatment. However, in a severe
attack,excessivedehydration can be fatal
(especiallyin infantsand young children) if
treatmentis unsuccessful.

12. Treatment
 Fluids and electrolyte replacement if excessive fluid loss
through diarrhea or vomiting.
 Agents are not recommended as they may prolong the
course of disease.
 Treatment is recommended for most symptomatic
patients. Use of antibiotics will shorten the period of fecal
excretion of the infecting strain and will shorten the
clinical course of disease often to a few days.
 Antibiotics
- for adults and children, if the strain is susceptible,
areciprofloxacin or TMP/SMX or azithromycin.
 Antibiotic resistance frequentlydevelops after treatment.

13. Control Measures
 Good personal hygiene
 Toilet hygiene
 Wash soiled clothing and bed linen
 Handlingfood
 While you are suffering from diarrhea
you should notgo to work/school.
 Sanitationof food utensils