This document summarizes key information about malaria, including that it is caused by a protozoan parasite transmitted via the bites of infected female Anopheles mosquitoes. It is a major public health issue affecting tropical and subtropical regions, with 500 million cases and 1 million deaths worldwide annually. The parasite's life cycle involves stages in both humans and mosquitoes. Symptoms include fever, chills, vomiting and headaches. Prevention focuses on eliminating places for mosquitoes to breed and using mosquito nets, repellents and insecticides. Treatment involves antimalarial drugs like chloroquine and primaquine.

1. MALARIA DR DINESH TOPRANI FAMILY PHYSICIAN COLABA MUMBAI

2. VECTOR BORNE DISEASE FEMALE ANOPHELES MOSQUITO GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION-TROPICAL, SUB TROPICAL ,SOUTH AMERICA,ASIA, AFRICA- SUB SAHARA, INDIA

3. WORLDWIDE 500 MILLION CASES/YEAR 1 MILLION DEATHS/ YEAR

4. ENORMOUS PUBLIC HEALTH PROBLEM CAUSED BY PROTOZOAN PARASITE OF GENUS PLASMODIUM- P. FALCIPARUM P.VIVAX P. OVALE P.MALARIAE

5. MALARIA (BAD AIR) MEDIEVAL ITALIAN

6. NOBEL PRIZE 1902 RONALD ROSS 1907 CHARLES LOUISE ALPHONSE LAVERAN

7. LIFE CYCLE PARASITE CHANGES SEVERAL STAGES IN MOSQUITO INFECTED MOSQUITO BITES HEALTHY MAN PARASITES IN MAN’S BLOOD ENTERS LIVER AND MULTIPLIES PARASITES RE-ENTER BLOOD AND CREATE SYMPTOMS MOSQUITO BITES INFECTED MAN AND SUCKS BLOOD

8. RARE MODES OF TRANMISSION Blood transfusion Organ transplant Contaminated needles and syringes Mother to unborn infant It is not a contagious disease

9. SYMPTOMS Fever Occasionally- Shiver Jaundice Vomiting Convulsions Headache Coma Bodyache Weakness Diarrhoea

10. INCUBATION PERIOD 7 DAYS TO 20 DAYS

11. P. vivax- Relapse P. falciparum- Never Relapse Recurrence possible in both

12. DIAGNOSIS Peripheral smear Occasionally serology

13. PREVENTION Mosquito nets Repellants Insecticides Long sleeve clothes Close doors and windows in the evening Don’t keep stagnant water (250 eggs of mosquito hatch in stagnant water)

14. TREATMENT DRUGS- Chloroquine Mefloquine Artemether Primaquine Doxycycline Vaccine- under research

15. SPECIAL CARE Malaria in infants and pregnancy Breast feeding permitted

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