The document discusses World Malaria Day which is observed annually on April 25th. It notes that malaria remains a major global health problem, killing nearly 1 million people each year, mostly young children in Africa. The day aims to raise awareness about malaria prevention and treatment strategies. The disease is caused by a parasite transmitted via mosquito bites. Historically, malaria has been a scourge throughout warm regions but control efforts have succeeded in eliminating it from some areas. Continued investment in prevention and treatment is needed to control the disease and advance development goals in afflicted regions.
this lecture has focus on definition,history of malaria,causative agents,life cycle,mode of transmission,epidemeolog,susceptibility,incubation period ,prevention and control
this lecture has focus on definition,history of malaria,causative agents,life cycle,mode of transmission,epidemeolog,susceptibility,incubation period ,prevention and control
Malaria(Plasmodium falciparum)- Epidemiology, Life Cycle, Prevention and Erad...Sarath
Malaria(Plasmodium falciparum)- Epidemiology, Life Cycle, Prevention and Eradication.
Contains Videos in two slides. So try using Power Point 2010.
My email : doc.sarathrs@gmail.com
Burden of Vector Borne Diseases Past, Present & FuturePradip Awate
Bharati Vidyapeeth Pune has recently organized National CME on VBDs. I delivered a speech on " Burden of Vector Borne Diseases Past, Present & Future".
This presentation deals with burden of prominent VBDs globally & in India with special reference to Maharashtra.
Adding more visuals without affecting performanceSt1X
Smallest viable set of performance optimizations recommendations for game artists. This presentation targets artist that have little knowledge about computer hardware capabilities and limitations.
Writing in the right way for your website, by Expert MarketEd Beardsell
We take turns to present on a given subject, while another of us bakes. This is David's slideshow, the week Andrea baked strudel, and it's all about writing for websites and also how different sites have devised their own ways for people to engage with the site and other users. A better title might have been 'Attention currency', but I chose the far less attractive title of 'Writing in the right way for your website.'
www.expertmarket.co.uk
Malaria(Plasmodium falciparum)- Epidemiology, Life Cycle, Prevention and Erad...Sarath
Malaria(Plasmodium falciparum)- Epidemiology, Life Cycle, Prevention and Eradication.
Contains Videos in two slides. So try using Power Point 2010.
My email : doc.sarathrs@gmail.com
Burden of Vector Borne Diseases Past, Present & FuturePradip Awate
Bharati Vidyapeeth Pune has recently organized National CME on VBDs. I delivered a speech on " Burden of Vector Borne Diseases Past, Present & Future".
This presentation deals with burden of prominent VBDs globally & in India with special reference to Maharashtra.
Adding more visuals without affecting performanceSt1X
Smallest viable set of performance optimizations recommendations for game artists. This presentation targets artist that have little knowledge about computer hardware capabilities and limitations.
Writing in the right way for your website, by Expert MarketEd Beardsell
We take turns to present on a given subject, while another of us bakes. This is David's slideshow, the week Andrea baked strudel, and it's all about writing for websites and also how different sites have devised their own ways for people to engage with the site and other users. A better title might have been 'Attention currency', but I chose the far less attractive title of 'Writing in the right way for your website.'
www.expertmarket.co.uk
Purchasing Wine in the Information Age:The Role of Quick Response (QR) Codes.
If you would like to read an article that goes along with this presentation, follow this link (http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.wep.2014.01.002) to Science Direct to find out more about the research!
A selected paper prepared for the 2013 American Association of Wine Economists conference in Stellenbosch, South Africa
Composed by Lindsey Higgins, Mitch Wolf, and Marianne McGarry Wolf.
California Polytechnic State University, San Luis Obispo, CA
Learning objectives
At the end of this unit, the students will be able to know about:
Epidemiological aspects of blood, and tissue sporozoan
Life cycle and pathogenesis of each blood, and tissue sporozoan
Necessary laboratory procedures for the detection and identification of blood, and tissue Sporozoa.
Anti ulcer drugs and their Advance pharmacology ||
Anti-ulcer drugs are medications used to prevent and treat ulcers in the stomach and upper part of the small intestine (duodenal ulcers). These ulcers are often caused by an imbalance between stomach acid and the mucosal lining, which protects the stomach lining.
||Scope: Overview of various classes of anti-ulcer drugs, their mechanisms of action, indications, side effects, and clinical considerations.
Title: Sense of Smell
Presenter: Dr. Faiza, Assistant Professor of Physiology
Qualifications:
MBBS (Best Graduate, AIMC Lahore)
FCPS Physiology
ICMT, CHPE, DHPE (STMU)
MPH (GC University, Faisalabad)
MBA (Virtual University of Pakistan)
Learning Objectives:
Describe the primary categories of smells and the concept of odor blindness.
Explain the structure and location of the olfactory membrane and mucosa, including the types and roles of cells involved in olfaction.
Describe the pathway and mechanisms of olfactory signal transmission from the olfactory receptors to the brain.
Illustrate the biochemical cascade triggered by odorant binding to olfactory receptors, including the role of G-proteins and second messengers in generating an action potential.
Identify different types of olfactory disorders such as anosmia, hyposmia, hyperosmia, and dysosmia, including their potential causes.
Key Topics:
Olfactory Genes:
3% of the human genome accounts for olfactory genes.
400 genes for odorant receptors.
Olfactory Membrane:
Located in the superior part of the nasal cavity.
Medially: Folds downward along the superior septum.
Laterally: Folds over the superior turbinate and upper surface of the middle turbinate.
Total surface area: 5-10 square centimeters.
Olfactory Mucosa:
Olfactory Cells: Bipolar nerve cells derived from the CNS (100 million), with 4-25 olfactory cilia per cell.
Sustentacular Cells: Produce mucus and maintain ionic and molecular environment.
Basal Cells: Replace worn-out olfactory cells with an average lifespan of 1-2 months.
Bowman’s Gland: Secretes mucus.
Stimulation of Olfactory Cells:
Odorant dissolves in mucus and attaches to receptors on olfactory cilia.
Involves a cascade effect through G-proteins and second messengers, leading to depolarization and action potential generation in the olfactory nerve.
Quality of a Good Odorant:
Small (3-20 Carbon atoms), volatile, water-soluble, and lipid-soluble.
Facilitated by odorant-binding proteins in mucus.
Membrane Potential and Action Potential:
Resting membrane potential: -55mV.
Action potential frequency in the olfactory nerve increases with odorant strength.
Adaptation Towards the Sense of Smell:
Rapid adaptation within the first second, with further slow adaptation.
Psychological adaptation greater than receptor adaptation, involving feedback inhibition from the central nervous system.
Primary Sensations of Smell:
Camphoraceous, Musky, Floral, Pepperminty, Ethereal, Pungent, Putrid.
Odor Detection Threshold:
Examples: Hydrogen sulfide (0.0005 ppm), Methyl-mercaptan (0.002 ppm).
Some toxic substances are odorless at lethal concentrations.
Characteristics of Smell:
Odor blindness for single substances due to lack of appropriate receptor protein.
Behavioral and emotional influences of smell.
Transmission of Olfactory Signals:
From olfactory cells to glomeruli in the olfactory bulb, involving lateral inhibition.
Primitive, less old, and new olfactory systems with different path
These simplified slides by Dr. Sidra Arshad present an overview of the non-respiratory functions of the respiratory tract.
Learning objectives:
1. Enlist the non-respiratory functions of the respiratory tract
2. Briefly explain how these functions are carried out
3. Discuss the significance of dead space
4. Differentiate between minute ventilation and alveolar ventilation
5. Describe the cough and sneeze reflexes
Study Resources:
1. Chapter 39, Guyton and Hall Textbook of Medical Physiology, 14th edition
2. Chapter 34, Ganong’s Review of Medical Physiology, 26th edition
3. Chapter 17, Human Physiology by Lauralee Sherwood, 9th edition
4. Non-respiratory functions of the lungs https://academic.oup.com/bjaed/article/13/3/98/278874
Explore natural remedies for syphilis treatment in Singapore. Discover alternative therapies, herbal remedies, and lifestyle changes that may complement conventional treatments. Learn about holistic approaches to managing syphilis symptoms and supporting overall health.
ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE IN HEALTHCARE.pdfAnujkumaranit
Artificial intelligence (AI) refers to the simulation of human intelligence processes by machines, especially computer systems. It encompasses tasks such as learning, reasoning, problem-solving, perception, and language understanding. AI technologies are revolutionizing various fields, from healthcare to finance, by enabling machines to perform tasks that typically require human intelligence.
Couples presenting to the infertility clinic- Do they really have infertility...Sujoy Dasgupta
Dr Sujoy Dasgupta presented the study on "Couples presenting to the infertility clinic- Do they really have infertility? – The unexplored stories of non-consummation" in the 13th Congress of the Asia Pacific Initiative on Reproduction (ASPIRE 2024) at Manila on 24 May, 2024.
MANAGEMENT OF ATRIOVENTRICULAR CONDUCTION BLOCK.pdfJim Jacob Roy
Cardiac conduction defects can occur due to various causes.
Atrioventricular conduction blocks ( AV blocks ) are classified into 3 types.
This document describes the acute management of AV block.
- Video recording of this lecture in English language: https://youtu.be/lK81BzxMqdo
- Video recording of this lecture in Arabic language: https://youtu.be/Ve4P0COk9OI
- Link to download the book free: https://nephrotube.blogspot.com/p/nephrotube-nephrology-books.html
- Link to NephroTube website: www.NephroTube.com
- Link to NephroTube social media accounts: https://nephrotube.blogspot.com/p/join-nephrotube-on-social-media.html
Lung Cancer: Artificial Intelligence, Synergetics, Complex System Analysis, S...Oleg Kshivets
RESULTS: Overall life span (LS) was 2252.1±1742.5 days and cumulative 5-year survival (5YS) reached 73.2%, 10 years – 64.8%, 20 years – 42.5%. 513 LCP lived more than 5 years (LS=3124.6±1525.6 days), 148 LCP – more than 10 years (LS=5054.4±1504.1 days).199 LCP died because of LC (LS=562.7±374.5 days). 5YS of LCP after bi/lobectomies was significantly superior in comparison with LCP after pneumonectomies (78.1% vs.63.7%, P=0.00001 by log-rank test). AT significantly improved 5YS (66.3% vs. 34.8%) (P=0.00000 by log-rank test) only for LCP with N1-2. Cox modeling displayed that 5YS of LCP significantly depended on: phase transition (PT) early-invasive LC in terms of synergetics, PT N0—N12, cell ratio factors (ratio between cancer cells- CC and blood cells subpopulations), G1-3, histology, glucose, AT, blood cell circuit, prothrombin index, heparin tolerance, recalcification time (P=0.000-0.038). Neural networks, genetic algorithm selection and bootstrap simulation revealed relationships between 5YS and PT early-invasive LC (rank=1), PT N0—N12 (rank=2), thrombocytes/CC (3), erythrocytes/CC (4), eosinophils/CC (5), healthy cells/CC (6), lymphocytes/CC (7), segmented neutrophils/CC (8), stick neutrophils/CC (9), monocytes/CC (10); leucocytes/CC (11). Correct prediction of 5YS was 100% by neural networks computing (area under ROC curve=1.0; error=0.0).
CONCLUSIONS: 5YS of LCP after radical procedures significantly depended on: 1) PT early-invasive cancer; 2) PT N0--N12; 3) cell ratio factors; 4) blood cell circuit; 5) biochemical factors; 6) hemostasis system; 7) AT; 8) LC characteristics; 9) LC cell dynamics; 10) surgery type: lobectomy/pneumonectomy; 11) anthropometric data. Optimal diagnosis and treatment strategies for LC are: 1) screening and early detection of LC; 2) availability of experienced thoracic surgeons because of complexity of radical procedures; 3) aggressive en block surgery and adequate lymph node dissection for completeness; 4) precise prediction; 5) adjuvant chemoimmunoradiotherapy for LCP with unfavorable prognosis.
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TEST BANK for Operations Management, 14th Edition by William J. Stevenson, Verified Chapters 1 - 19, Complete Newest Version.pdf
TEST BANK for Operations Management, 14th Edition by William J. Stevenson, Verified Chapters 1 - 19, Complete Newest Version.pdf
2. World Malaria Day - April 25
Malaria remains a killer disease with nearly
1 million people losing their lives every
year. Eighty five per cent of deaths are
children under 5 years of age.
Most malaria cases occur in Africa but it
nevertheless remains a global problem
also affecting countries in large parts of
Asia and Latin America.
3. Importance of
World Malaria Day
World Malaria Day was established in May 2007
by the 60th session of the World Health
Assembly, the decision-making body of the
World Health Organization (WHO). The day was
established to provide education and
understanding of malaria and disseminate
information on malaria-control strategies,
including community-based activities for malaria
prevention and treatment in endemic areas.
4. Past World Malaria Day Themes
•2008: Malaria – a disease without borders
•2009: Counting malaria out
•2010: Counting malaria out
•2011: Achieving progress and impact
•2012: Sustain Gains,Save Lives: Invest in
Malaria
5. INVEST IN THE FUTURE :
DEFEAT MALARIA
World Malaria Day Theme, 2013
6. Malaria – Early History
The symptoms of
malaria were
described in ancient
Chinese medical
writings. In 2700 BC,
several characteristic
symptoms of what
would later be named
malaria were
described in the Nei
Ching,
7. Hippocrates and Malaria
Hippocrates, a
physician born in
ancient Greece, today
regarded as the
"Father of Medicine",
was the first to
describe the
manifestations of the
disease, and relate
them to the time of
year and to where the
patients lived.
8. Malaria
Name is derived from Italian
Mal’ aria or bad air
Malaria continues to be most important
cause of fever and morbidity in the
Tropical world
Malaria has been eradicated from Europe,
Most of North America, USA South
America Korea and Japan,
11. Why it is important in Medicine
Malaria remains the world's most
devastating human parasitic
infection. Malaria affects over 40%
of the world's population. WHO,
estimates that there are 350 - 500
million cases of malaria worldwide,
of which 270 - 400 million are
Falciparum malaria, the most severe
form of the disease.
12. Malaria Kills more people than
AIDS
Malaria kills in one year what AIDS
kills in 15 years. For every death due
to HIV/AIDS there are about 50
deaths due to malaria. To add to the
problem is the increasing drug
resistance to the established drug.
13. History – Events on Malaria
1880 - Charles Louis Alphose Lavern
discovered malarial parasite in wet mount
1883 - Methylene blue stain - Marchafava
1891 - Polychrome stain- Romanowsky
1898 - Roland Ross - Life cycle of parasite
transmission, wins Nobel Prize in 1902
1948 - Site of Exoerythrocytic development in
Liver by Shortt and Garnham
14. Major Developments in 20th
Century
1955 - WHO starts world wide malaria
eradication programme using DDT
1970 – Mosquitos develop resistance to
DDT Programme fails
1976 – Trager and Jensen in vitro
cultivation of parasite
15. Charles Louis Alphonse
Laveran,
Charles Louis Alphonse
Laveran, a French army
surgeon stationed in
Constantine, Algeria, was
the first to notice
parasites in the blood
of a patient suffering
from malaria. This
occurred on the 6th of
November 1880. For his
discovery, Laveran was
awarded the Nobel
Prize in 1907.
16. Ronald Ross
In August 20th, 1897,
Ronald Ross, a British
officer in the Indian
Medical Service, was the
first to demonstrate that
malaria parasites could
be transmitted from
infected patients to
mosquitoes For his
discovery, Ross was
awarded the Nobel
Prize in 1902.
17. Nobel Prizes in Malaria
The discovery of this
parasite in mosquitoes
earned the British
scientist Ronald Ross the
Nobel Prize in Physiology
or Medicine in 1902. In
1907, Alphonse Lavern
received the Nobel prize
for his findings that the
parasite was present in
human blood.
18. Parasites Cause of Malaria
Malaria is caused by an infection by
one of four single celled Plasmodia
species, they are: falciparum,
vivax, malariae, and ovale. The
most dangerous of
the four is:
P.falciparum
19. Newer species of Mosquito
A fifth species,
Plasmodium
knowlesi, causes
malaria in humans.
20.
21.
22.
23.
24.
25. Malaria the disease
9-14 day
incubation
period
Fever, chills,
headache, back
and joint pain
Gastrointestinal
symptoms
(nausea,
vomiting, etc.)
30. Pernicious Malaria
Is a life threatening complication in acute
falciparum malaria
It is due to heavy parasitization
Manifest with
1 Cerebral malaria – it presents with
hyperpyrexia, coma and paralysis. Brain is
congested
2 Algid malaria – presents with clammy skin
leading to peripheral circulatory failure.
31. Complication in Malaria
Pulmonary edema (fluid buildup in the
lungs) or acute respiratory distress
syndrome (ARDS), which may occur even
after the parasite counts have decreased
in response to treatment
Abnormalities in blood coagulation and
thrombocytopenia (decrease in blood
platelets)
Cardiovascular collapse and shock
32. Black water Fever
It is a manifestation of infection with
P.falciparum occuring in persons who have been
previously infected and have had been
inadequate dose of quinine
It is characterized by intravascular hemolysis
fever, and Haemoglobunuria
Cardiovascular collapse and shock
Abnormalities in blood coagulation and
thrombocytopenia (decrease in blood platelets)
33. Other Complications In Malaria
Acute kidney failure
Hyperparasitemia, where more than 5% of
the red blood cells are infected by malaria
parasites
Metabolic acidosis (excessive acidity in the
blood and tissue fluids), often in
association with hypoglycemia
34. World Health Organization
Recommends
In endemic areas, the World Health
Organization recommends that treatment
be started within 24 hours after the first
symptoms appear. Treatment of patients
with uncomplicated malaria can be
conducted on an ambulatory basis
(without hospitalization) but patients with
severe malaria should be hospitalized if
possible.
Doctortvrao’s ‘e’ learning series
35. What is Presumptive
Treatment?
Presumption - In an area with high transmission of
malaria, it should be presumed that ALL cases of fever
are due to malaria.
Treatment - First loading dose of Chloroquine should
be administered immediately after collecting the blood
specimen, even without waiting for its report.
If the fever is indeed malaria, this treatment alleviates
symptoms early, may be well before the test result is
available.
If it is malaria, Chloroquine also prevents the spread of
malaria by destroying the gametocytes of P. vivax (the
more common malaria).
If it is not malaria, nothing is lost, for Chloroquine at this
dose is safe and has no adverse effects!
36. Radical treatment
Radical treatment is administration of Primaquin
to all confirmed cases of malaria.
In P. vivax malaria, 2 weeks' therapy with
Primaquin completely cures the infection in the
host by its tissue schizonticidal activity and
thereby prevents relapses.
In P. falciparum malaria, a single dose of
primaquine destroys the gametocytes, thereby
prevents the spread of the infection into the
mosquito.
37. Use of Primaquine
Primaquine is active against the dormant
parasite liver forms (hypnozoites) and
prevents relapses. Primaquine should not
be taken by pregnant women or by people
who are deficient in G6PD (glucose-6-
phosphate dehydrogenase). Patients
should not take primaquine until a
screening test has excluded G6PD
deficiency.
44. Future Ambitions
The malaria vaccine community aims to
license—by 2015—a first-generation vaccine that
has 50 percent efficacy against severe disease
and death, with protection lasting at least one
year without the need for boosting. They also
aim to license—by 2025—a second-generation
malaria vaccine that has a protective efficacy of
at least 80 percent against clinical disease and
with protection lasting for many years without a
booster.
45.
46. Goals to achieve : Control Malaria
Sustaining malaria control efforts is an investment in
development. Continued investment in malaria control now will
propel malaria-endemic countries along the path to achieving
the 2015 Millennium Development Goals, especially those
relating to improving child survival and maternal health,
eradicating extreme poverty and expanding access to
education.
Just by scaling up efforts to prevent malaria, including universal
coverage of mosquito nets, WHO estimates that three million
African children can be saved by 2015, while many more lives
can be saved through a combination of proven and innovative
malaria control tools including access to effective prevention,
accurate diagnosis and prompt, reliable anti-malaria treatment
Successful malaria control has a dramatic impact on the health,
productivity and well-being of people living in malaria risk
areas.