This document provides an overview of product and service costing methods, including job-order costing and process costing. It defines key terms, outlines learning objectives, and provides examples to illustrate how to calculate costs and equivalent units. Specifically, it explains how to (1) calculate costs for a job using direct materials, labor and overhead, (2) prepare a departmental production report using weighted average and FIFO methods, and (3) make related journal entries.

1. STUDENT EDITION
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© Copyright 2007 Thomson South-Western, a part of The
Thomson Corporation. Thomson, the Star Logo, and
South-Western are trademarks used herein under license.
MANAGEMENT
ACCOUNTING
8th EDITION
BY
HANSEN & MOWEN
6 PRODUCT & SERVICE COSTING

2. 2
LLEEAARRNNIINNGG OOBBJJEECCTTIIVVEESS
1. Describe basic characteristics of & differences
between job-order & process costing; identify
types of firms that would use each method.
2. Describe cost flows associated with job-order
costing.
3. Describe cost flows associated with process
costing.
4. Describe equivalent units & explain their role in
process costing.

3. 3
LLEEAARRNNIINNGG OOBBJJEECCTTIIVVEESS
5. Prepare departmental production report using
weighted average method.
6. Explain how process costing is affected by
nonuniform application of manufacturing inputs
& existence of multiple processing departments.
7. Complete departmental production report using
FIFO method (Appendix A).
8. Prepare journal entries associated with job-order
& process costing (Appendix B).

4. 4
JOB-ORDER COSTING:
Definition
Definition
An accounting system that
assigns costs to products
produced for individually
specific jobs.
LO 1

5. 5
JOB-ORDER COSTING
The key feature of job-order costing
is that the cost of 1 job differs from
that of another and must be tracked
separately.
LO 1

6. 6
PPRROOCCEESSSS CCOOSSTTIINNGG:: DDeeffiinniittiioonn
An accounting system that
assigns costs to products
produced in a series of
processes.
LO 1

7. 7
JOB-ORDER COSTING
The key feature of process costing is
that the products produced are
LO 1
homogeneous and therefore have
the same cost.

8. 8
COMPARING COSTING
SYSTEMS
LO 1
EEXXHHIIBBIITT 66--11
Accumulates
costs by job.
Accumulates
costs by process.

9. 9
How do you calculate costs for
a job-order cost system?
Combine direct materials +
direct labor + overhead.
LO 2

10. 10
SUPLISHAKE-001
Materials cost $1,780
Direct labor $300 (20 hours x $15)
Overhead $240 (20 hours x $12)
LO 2
Job 001
Materials . . . . . . . . . . $1,780
Labor . . . . . . . . . . . . . 300
Overhead . . . . . . . . . . 240
Total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $2,320
Unit cost ($2,320/200) $11.60

11. 11
What will be the selling price
for SupliShake-001?
If the selling price is cost + 50%,
PNP will sell SupliShake-001 for
LO 2
$3,480 ($2,320 + $1160).

12. WWOORRKK--IINN--PPRROOCCEESSSS:: DDeeffiinniittiioonn
12
All incomplete work at the end
of an accounting period.
LO 2

13. 13
EQUIVALENT FULL UNITS:
Definition
Definition
The complete units that
LO 4
could have been produced
given the total amount of
manufacturing effort
expended for the period.

14. Equivalent full
units (EFU)
necessary to
calculate unit
cost.
14
DEFINING UNIT OF
PRODUCTION: Concept
Concept
LO 4
EEXXHHIIBBIITT 66--1133

15. 15
5 STEPS TO PREPARE
PRODUCTION REPORT
1. Physical units flow analysis
2. Calculation of equivalent units
3. Computation of unit cost
4. Valuation of inventories
a. Goods transferred out
b. Ending work in process
5. Cost reconciliation
LO 5

16. 16
HEALTHBLEND’S PICKING
DEPT.: July Costs
July Costs
LO 5
Production
Units in process July 1, 75% complete 20,000
Units complete & transferred out 50,000
Units in process July 31, 25% complete 10,000
Costs
Work in process, July 1 $ 3,525
Cost added during July 10,125

17. 17
PHYSICAL FLOW SCHEDULE:
Step 1
LO 5
EEXXHHIIBBIITT 66--1155
Reconciling units
to account for.

18. 18
CALCULATE EFU: Step 2
LO 5
EEXXHHIIBBIITT 66--1144

19. 19
COMPUTE UNIT COST: Step 3
LO 5
Unit cost = $13,625 / 52,500 = $0.26 per EFU
EEXXHHIIBBIITT 66--1144

20. 20
COMPUTE UNIT COST: Step 4
LO 5
EEXXHHIIBBIITT 66--1144
Unit cost = $13,625 / 52,500 = $0.26 per EFU
Transferred out ($0.26 x 50,000 = $13,000
EWIP ($0.26 x 2,500) = 650
Total cost assigned = $13,650

21. 21
COST RECONCILIATION: Step 5
LO 5
Total Manufacturing Costs Assigned
Goods transferred out $ 13,000
Goods in ending WIP 650
Total costs accounted for $ 13,650
Manufacturing Costs to Account For
Beginning WIP $ 3,525
Incurred during the period 10,125
Total costs to account for $ 13,650

22. 22
WEIGHTED AVERAGE:
Evaluation
 Major benefit
 ?
 Major disadvantage
 ?
LO 5
Simplicity
Accuracy in computing unit costs for
current period & for beginning WIP

23. 23
NONUNIFORM INPUTS:
Definition
Definition
Occurs, for example, when direct
materials are completely added
at the beginning of process rather
than throughout process.
LO 6

24. 24
NONUNIFORM INPUTS: EFU
Computation
LO 6
EEXXHHIIBBIITT 66--1199
Materials are 100%,
added at beginning,
but conversion costs
only 40% complete.

25. 25
HEALTHBLEND’S PICKING
DEPT.: July Costs
July Costs
LO 7
Production
Units in process July 1, 75% complete 20,000
Units complete & transferred out 50,000
Units in process July 31, 25% complete 10,000
Costs
Work in process, July 1 $ 3,525
Cost added during July 10,125
Remember

26. CALCULATE FIFO EFU: Step 2
LO 7
26
EEXXHHIIBBIITT 66--2211

27. 27
How are transactions entered
into the accounting system?
Transactions are entered into
accounting system by making
journal entries & posting to
accounts.
LO 8

28. 28
CHAPTER 6
TTHHEE EENNDD