1. Standard costing systems set quantity and price standards to establish planned costs. Variances are calculated by comparing actual costs to planned costs to identify areas for improvement. 2. A standard cost sheet provides details of standard costs for direct materials, direct labor, and overhead to calculate the standard cost per unit. 3. Total variances are decomposed into price and usage/efficiency variances to determine who or what is responsible for variances and make the information more useful for management control.