Mahayana Buddhism emerged from early schisms within Buddhism and believes the teachings of the Buddha were meant for different levels of understanding. It has several divisions and schools that developed in different regions, incorporating local beliefs. Key beliefs include the Trikaya doctrine of the Buddha's three bodies, devotion to bodhisattvas who delay enlightenment to help others, and the Lotus Sutra's teaching of inherent Buddha nature in all beings. Sects emphasize different practices like meditation, faith, or reason as paths to enlightenment. Tibetan Buddhism blends Indian Mahayana with indigenous Bon shamanism.
Mahayana Buddhism diverged into numerous schools over 2000 years with different scriptures and rituals. It believes Buddha secretly taught advanced principles and that he was a celestial being, not just human. Core texts include the Lotus Sutra. Bodhisattvas strive for enlightenment to help all beings. Schools include Pure Land focusing on Amitabha Buddha, Zen emphasizing meditation, and Tibetan Buddhism incorporating local Bon religion.
Mahayana Buddhism emerged around the 1st century CE in India as one of the major traditions of Buddhism. It is now practiced in East Asia and Tibet. Key doctrines include sunyata (emptiness), Buddha Nature, and the Trikaya teaching that each Buddha has three bodies - the dharmakaya (truth body), sambhogakaya (bliss body), and nirmanakaya (emanation body). Mahayana Buddhism also emphasizes the bodhisattva ideal of postponing full enlightenment to help all beings attain nirvana. Symbolic representations and mandalas play an important role in Mahayana art and teachings.
Theravada Buddhism is a major branch that draws from the oldest Buddhist texts. It originated from the teachings of Siddhartha Gautama, who was born in Nepal and attained enlightenment under a bodhi tree. His key teachings included the Four Noble Truths about dukkha (suffering), its causes, its cessation, and the path to its cessation. Theravada Buddhists follow the Pali Canon scriptures and believe in impermanence, anatta (no soul), and dependent origination.
Mahayana Buddhism emerged around the 3rd century BCE from doctrinal differences within early Buddhism. It believes itself to be the true version of the Buddha's teachings. Mahayana Buddhism has diverged into many schools over two thousand years, each developing their own customs and scriptures. The Mahasamghika school may have been an early source of Mahayana teachings. While accepting the Tripitaka scriptures of early Buddhism, Mahayana also has its own philosophical and devotional texts, such as the influential Lotus Sutra.
Theravada Buddhism is a more conservative subdivision that closely follows the original teachings of Siddhartha Gautama, who lived in Nepal in the 6th-4th century BCE. It is most prominent in Southeast Asian countries such as Cambodia, Thailand, Myanmar, Bhutan, Sri Lanka, and Laos. Theravada Buddhism believes in the four noble truths about dukkha (suffering), its causes, its cessation, and the path to its cessation through the noble eightfold path. Key doctrines include anatta (no soul), impermanence, karma, and samsara (cyclical rebirth). Followers seek nirvana through mastery of Buddhist truths and observ
Comparative Analysis of Theravada and Mahayana Buddhism.pptxVincentAcapen
Both Theravada and Mahayana Buddhism originated in India and share key concepts like the Four Noble Truths and Noble Eightfold Path. They differ in their views of dharma/dhamma, purpose, and views of enlightenment. Theravada focuses on monastic life as the path to enlightenment for monks, while Mahayana offers faster paths open to all. Theravada sees individuals achieving nirvana through their own efforts, while Mahayana venerates bodhisattvas who delay enlightenment to help others. Both traditions have allowed for full participation of women, in contrast to other Indian religions of the time.
The document provides background information on Theravada Buddhism. It discusses the life of Buddha, including his birth, upbringing as a prince, realization of human suffering, spiritual journey, and enlightenment. It also outlines the core beliefs and doctrines of Theravada Buddhism, particularly the Four Noble Truths and Noble Eightfold Path. Additionally, it describes the sacred scriptures of Theravada Buddhism known as the Pali Canon.
Buddhism Report Grade 11
Content
Buddhism Definition and History
Buddhism Types and Subdivision
Life of Buddha
The Sutras
Non-cannonical/Noncannonical Buddhist Texts
The Tripitaka (Pali Canon)
Beliefs and Doctrines
Law of Dependent Origination
Pratityasamutpada
Impermanence of Things
Four Noble Truths
Eight Fold Path
Worship and Observances
Women in Buddhism
Mahayana Buddhism
Paramitas
Six Paramitas
Mahayana Buddhism diverged into numerous schools over 2000 years with different scriptures and rituals. It believes Buddha secretly taught advanced principles and that he was a celestial being, not just human. Core texts include the Lotus Sutra. Bodhisattvas strive for enlightenment to help all beings. Schools include Pure Land focusing on Amitabha Buddha, Zen emphasizing meditation, and Tibetan Buddhism incorporating local Bon religion.
Mahayana Buddhism emerged around the 1st century CE in India as one of the major traditions of Buddhism. It is now practiced in East Asia and Tibet. Key doctrines include sunyata (emptiness), Buddha Nature, and the Trikaya teaching that each Buddha has three bodies - the dharmakaya (truth body), sambhogakaya (bliss body), and nirmanakaya (emanation body). Mahayana Buddhism also emphasizes the bodhisattva ideal of postponing full enlightenment to help all beings attain nirvana. Symbolic representations and mandalas play an important role in Mahayana art and teachings.
Theravada Buddhism is a major branch that draws from the oldest Buddhist texts. It originated from the teachings of Siddhartha Gautama, who was born in Nepal and attained enlightenment under a bodhi tree. His key teachings included the Four Noble Truths about dukkha (suffering), its causes, its cessation, and the path to its cessation. Theravada Buddhists follow the Pali Canon scriptures and believe in impermanence, anatta (no soul), and dependent origination.
Mahayana Buddhism emerged around the 3rd century BCE from doctrinal differences within early Buddhism. It believes itself to be the true version of the Buddha's teachings. Mahayana Buddhism has diverged into many schools over two thousand years, each developing their own customs and scriptures. The Mahasamghika school may have been an early source of Mahayana teachings. While accepting the Tripitaka scriptures of early Buddhism, Mahayana also has its own philosophical and devotional texts, such as the influential Lotus Sutra.
Theravada Buddhism is a more conservative subdivision that closely follows the original teachings of Siddhartha Gautama, who lived in Nepal in the 6th-4th century BCE. It is most prominent in Southeast Asian countries such as Cambodia, Thailand, Myanmar, Bhutan, Sri Lanka, and Laos. Theravada Buddhism believes in the four noble truths about dukkha (suffering), its causes, its cessation, and the path to its cessation through the noble eightfold path. Key doctrines include anatta (no soul), impermanence, karma, and samsara (cyclical rebirth). Followers seek nirvana through mastery of Buddhist truths and observ
Comparative Analysis of Theravada and Mahayana Buddhism.pptxVincentAcapen
Both Theravada and Mahayana Buddhism originated in India and share key concepts like the Four Noble Truths and Noble Eightfold Path. They differ in their views of dharma/dhamma, purpose, and views of enlightenment. Theravada focuses on monastic life as the path to enlightenment for monks, while Mahayana offers faster paths open to all. Theravada sees individuals achieving nirvana through their own efforts, while Mahayana venerates bodhisattvas who delay enlightenment to help others. Both traditions have allowed for full participation of women, in contrast to other Indian religions of the time.
The document provides background information on Theravada Buddhism. It discusses the life of Buddha, including his birth, upbringing as a prince, realization of human suffering, spiritual journey, and enlightenment. It also outlines the core beliefs and doctrines of Theravada Buddhism, particularly the Four Noble Truths and Noble Eightfold Path. Additionally, it describes the sacred scriptures of Theravada Buddhism known as the Pali Canon.
Buddhism Report Grade 11
Content
Buddhism Definition and History
Buddhism Types and Subdivision
Life of Buddha
The Sutras
Non-cannonical/Noncannonical Buddhist Texts
The Tripitaka (Pali Canon)
Beliefs and Doctrines
Law of Dependent Origination
Pratityasamutpada
Impermanence of Things
Four Noble Truths
Eight Fold Path
Worship and Observances
Women in Buddhism
Mahayana Buddhism
Paramitas
Six Paramitas
This document provides an overview of Mahayana Buddhism. It begins with a brief history of Buddhism, noting it originated in India in the 5th century and has branches including Theravada and Mahayana. It then outlines some key Buddhist teachings such as the three marks of reality (suffering, impermanence, egolessness), the four noble truths about suffering and its cessation, and the noble eightfold path. The document concludes by defining Mahayana Buddhism as the second main branch, which focuses on compassion for all feeling things and using any means to reach Nirvana.
This document provides information about Mahayana Buddhism, including its history, core beliefs, sacred texts, and doctrines. Some key points:
- Mahayana Buddhism emerged around the 3rd century BCE and differs from Theravada Buddhism in its view of the Buddha and emphasis on compassion and helping others attain enlightenment.
- It considers the Buddha to have three bodies (dharmakaya, sambhogakaya, nirmanakaya) and emphasizes the concept of bodhisattvas who vow to help others achieve enlightenment.
- Major sacred texts include the Lotus Sutra which teaches that all beings have Buddha nature and can attain enlightenment.
- Core beliefs include the 10 b
Hinduism is one of the oldest religions originating in India over 5,000 years ago. It has no single founder but developed from the Vedic traditions and sacred texts like the Upanishads and the epics of Ramayana and Mahabharata. Hindus believe in an impersonal ultimate reality called Brahman which can manifest as personal deities. The goal of life is to achieve moksha or liberation from the cycle of rebirth by realizing one's true essence or soul (atman) is the same as Brahman. Hindus worship in temples and homes through practices like puja, darshan, and prasad which honor deities like Brahma, Vishnu, Shiva, and goddesses
Introduction to World Religions and Belief Systems lesson 1.pptxJunJunSenon
This document provides an introduction to studying world religions and belief systems. It outlines the course competencies, which are to differentiate between belief systems, worldviews, religion, and spirituality. The module will explore the common characteristics and elements of religions. It defines key terms like religion as involving beliefs and practices focused on deities, while spirituality involves recognizing something greater and divine in nature. The document also distinguishes eastern and western belief systems and provides processing questions for students to reflect on their own faith.
- Mahayana Buddhism aims for the liberation of all beings from suffering, while Theravada Buddhism focuses on personal liberation.
- Pure Land Buddhism originated in India and was brought to China in the 2nd century CE, emphasizing devotion to Amitabha Buddha through chanting his name to be reborn in the Pure Land.
- Zen Buddhism was introduced to China by Bodhidharma in the 5th century CE and focuses on direct experience and meditation over scripture to discover one's inherent Buddha nature.
This document provides an introduction to world religions and belief systems. It defines key concepts like worldview, belief systems, religion, and spirituality. A worldview is the basic way a person interprets reality based on their culture and upbringing. Belief systems shape one's worldview and are influenced by religion. Religions have common elements like belief in supernatural powers, sacred texts or places, rituals, concepts of sin and salvation. The document differentiates religion from spirituality and provides examples of different types of belief systems like theism, pantheism and naturalism.
Hinduism is one of the oldest religions in the world originating in India around 1500 BC. It has over 750 million followers worldwide, with the vast majority living in India. Hinduism is a diverse system of thought with no single founder or prophet, and it believes in an ultimate divine reality called Brahman. The religion is based on concepts like dharma, karma, samsara, and moksha. Hindus worship many gods and goddesses but believe they are aspects of one divine reality. Key beliefs include reincarnation and the four stages of life. Major festivals include Diwali and holidays are based on lunar cycles.
This document provides an overview of key concepts related to understanding religion. It defines religion and discusses worldviews, different belief systems like monotheism and polytheism, the nature and origins of religion, elements and theories of religion, and the differences between religion and spirituality. It also includes reflection questions and an enrichment activity. The key points are: religion involves organized beliefs and practices for worshipping gods, social environment and upbringing shape religious views, and the four common elements among religions are belief in deity, doctrine of salvation, code of conduct, and rituals.
Introduction to World Religions and Belief Systems : IslamWattpad
Islam was founded by the prophet Muhammad in the 7th century. It has over 1.8 billion followers worldwide. The core beliefs of Islam include the oneness of God, belief in angels/prophets/holy books, and that Muhammad is the final prophet. The five pillars of Islam are the declaration of faith, daily prayer, charitable giving, fasting during Ramadan, and pilgrimage to Mecca. Major divisions include the Sunni and Shia, and Sufism focuses on spiritual practices. Islam spread greatly between the 15th-16th centuries and is now a major world religion practiced in many regions.
Hinduism is a diverse religion with no single founder or scripture. It believes in reincarnation and aims for moksha or liberation from samsara. The religion's major deities form a Trimurti of Brahma the creator, Vishnu the preserver, and Shiva the destroyer. Hindu scriptures include the Vedas, Upanishads, Bhagavad Gita, and the epics Ramayana and Mahabharata. Hindus worship in temples and celebrate various festivals.
This document provides an overview of religion and belief systems. It discusses the main types of religions including monotheism, polytheism, and non-theism. It also covers the elements of most religions such as rituals, sacred concepts, belief systems, and organizations. Six major world religions are named as Hinduism, Buddhism, Jainism, Sikhism, Taoism, and Shintoism. The document also categorizes religions as simple supernaturalism, animism, theism, and transcendent idealism and describes the characteristics of each.
This document discusses the positive and negative effects of religion. Positively, religion can promote social harmony by bringing people together, provide moral values and social change, explain phenomena, and give people purpose and belonging. However, it can also affirm social hierarchies, cause discrimination through intolerant beliefs, trigger conflicts and violence, be used to control people economically, and impede scientific advancement by rejecting theories that contradict religious doctrines.
Introduction to World Religions and Belief Systems.pptxMaynard Caspillo
This document discusses the concepts of religion and spirituality. It defines religion as an organized system of beliefs, ceremonies, and rules used to worship gods, while spirituality involves a sense that there is something greater than oneself. It notes that spirituality focuses on the divine within and personal beliefs, while religion focuses on a creator god outside oneself and dictated beliefs. The document also defines worldview as a collection of beliefs about life held by people, and briefly outlines some Eastern and Western belief systems as well as different kinds of belief systems such as monism, monotheism, polytheism, atheism, and agnosticism.
The document discusses the origins and beliefs of major world religions. It begins by covering Eastern religions such as Hinduism, Buddhism, Taoism, and Confucianism, which originated in South and East Asia between 2500 BCE and 500 BCE. It then discusses Abrahamic faiths including Judaism, Christianity and Islam, which emerged in the Middle East, with Judaism beginning around 2000 BCE, Christianity in 1st century CE, and Islam in 610 CE. For each religion, the summary provides a brief overview of its founder, core beliefs, and sacred texts.
The document provides an overview of Theravada Buddhism, which adheres to the original teachings of Siddhartha Gautama, the founder of Buddhism. It discusses the Four Noble Truths, which explain suffering and how to end it. It also outlines the Eightfold Path, which provides a framework for living according to Buddhist principles through right understanding, purpose, speech, action, livelihood, effort, mindfulness, and concentration. Activities are included for students to learn about and apply the concepts of the Four Noble Truths and Eightfold Path.
This document provides an introduction to world religions and belief systems. It begins with a pretest to assess the reader's understanding. It then defines key terms like worldview, belief system, religion, spirituality, and theology. It discusses how worldviews are shaped by religions and describes some major belief systems like monism, monotheism, atheism, polytheism, and theism. The document also explores the relationship between religion and geography, noting how many major faiths originated in Asia and were then spread by geographical factors. It provides examples of sacred places in different religious traditions and discusses the interplay between culture and religion.
Buddhism originated in India in the 6th century BCE with the teachings of Siddhartha Gautama, known as the Buddha. The Buddha taught the Four Noble Truths and the Noble Eightfold Path to overcome suffering. Buddhism spread from India and now has over 300 million followers worldwide. It is considered both a religion and a philosophy that focuses on spiritual enlightenment and living an ethical life. Key Buddhist concepts like karma, dharma, and meditation are shared with Hinduism. Buddhism has also influenced globalization and relations between countries like India, Vietnam, and Japan through cultural exchange and the spread of its teachings.
The document discusses the major schools and traditions of Buddhism, including Theravada Buddhism, which is the oldest surviving school and emphasizes personal effort to attain enlightenment; Mahayana Buddhism, which focuses on the bodhisattva ideal and became prominent along the Silk Road; and Vajrayana Buddhism, which developed esoteric rituals and became dominant in Tibet. It also provides timelines and details on the origins, teachings, and spread of the different Buddhist traditions across Asia and beyond.
This document provides an overview of Mahayana Buddhism. It begins with a brief history of Buddhism, noting it originated in India in the 5th century and has branches including Theravada and Mahayana. It then outlines some key Buddhist teachings such as the three marks of reality (suffering, impermanence, egolessness), the four noble truths about suffering and its cessation, and the noble eightfold path. The document concludes by defining Mahayana Buddhism as the second main branch, which focuses on compassion for all feeling things and using any means to reach Nirvana.
This document provides information about Mahayana Buddhism, including its history, core beliefs, sacred texts, and doctrines. Some key points:
- Mahayana Buddhism emerged around the 3rd century BCE and differs from Theravada Buddhism in its view of the Buddha and emphasis on compassion and helping others attain enlightenment.
- It considers the Buddha to have three bodies (dharmakaya, sambhogakaya, nirmanakaya) and emphasizes the concept of bodhisattvas who vow to help others achieve enlightenment.
- Major sacred texts include the Lotus Sutra which teaches that all beings have Buddha nature and can attain enlightenment.
- Core beliefs include the 10 b
Hinduism is one of the oldest religions originating in India over 5,000 years ago. It has no single founder but developed from the Vedic traditions and sacred texts like the Upanishads and the epics of Ramayana and Mahabharata. Hindus believe in an impersonal ultimate reality called Brahman which can manifest as personal deities. The goal of life is to achieve moksha or liberation from the cycle of rebirth by realizing one's true essence or soul (atman) is the same as Brahman. Hindus worship in temples and homes through practices like puja, darshan, and prasad which honor deities like Brahma, Vishnu, Shiva, and goddesses
Introduction to World Religions and Belief Systems lesson 1.pptxJunJunSenon
This document provides an introduction to studying world religions and belief systems. It outlines the course competencies, which are to differentiate between belief systems, worldviews, religion, and spirituality. The module will explore the common characteristics and elements of religions. It defines key terms like religion as involving beliefs and practices focused on deities, while spirituality involves recognizing something greater and divine in nature. The document also distinguishes eastern and western belief systems and provides processing questions for students to reflect on their own faith.
- Mahayana Buddhism aims for the liberation of all beings from suffering, while Theravada Buddhism focuses on personal liberation.
- Pure Land Buddhism originated in India and was brought to China in the 2nd century CE, emphasizing devotion to Amitabha Buddha through chanting his name to be reborn in the Pure Land.
- Zen Buddhism was introduced to China by Bodhidharma in the 5th century CE and focuses on direct experience and meditation over scripture to discover one's inherent Buddha nature.
This document provides an introduction to world religions and belief systems. It defines key concepts like worldview, belief systems, religion, and spirituality. A worldview is the basic way a person interprets reality based on their culture and upbringing. Belief systems shape one's worldview and are influenced by religion. Religions have common elements like belief in supernatural powers, sacred texts or places, rituals, concepts of sin and salvation. The document differentiates religion from spirituality and provides examples of different types of belief systems like theism, pantheism and naturalism.
Hinduism is one of the oldest religions in the world originating in India around 1500 BC. It has over 750 million followers worldwide, with the vast majority living in India. Hinduism is a diverse system of thought with no single founder or prophet, and it believes in an ultimate divine reality called Brahman. The religion is based on concepts like dharma, karma, samsara, and moksha. Hindus worship many gods and goddesses but believe they are aspects of one divine reality. Key beliefs include reincarnation and the four stages of life. Major festivals include Diwali and holidays are based on lunar cycles.
This document provides an overview of key concepts related to understanding religion. It defines religion and discusses worldviews, different belief systems like monotheism and polytheism, the nature and origins of religion, elements and theories of religion, and the differences between religion and spirituality. It also includes reflection questions and an enrichment activity. The key points are: religion involves organized beliefs and practices for worshipping gods, social environment and upbringing shape religious views, and the four common elements among religions are belief in deity, doctrine of salvation, code of conduct, and rituals.
Introduction to World Religions and Belief Systems : IslamWattpad
Islam was founded by the prophet Muhammad in the 7th century. It has over 1.8 billion followers worldwide. The core beliefs of Islam include the oneness of God, belief in angels/prophets/holy books, and that Muhammad is the final prophet. The five pillars of Islam are the declaration of faith, daily prayer, charitable giving, fasting during Ramadan, and pilgrimage to Mecca. Major divisions include the Sunni and Shia, and Sufism focuses on spiritual practices. Islam spread greatly between the 15th-16th centuries and is now a major world religion practiced in many regions.
Hinduism is a diverse religion with no single founder or scripture. It believes in reincarnation and aims for moksha or liberation from samsara. The religion's major deities form a Trimurti of Brahma the creator, Vishnu the preserver, and Shiva the destroyer. Hindu scriptures include the Vedas, Upanishads, Bhagavad Gita, and the epics Ramayana and Mahabharata. Hindus worship in temples and celebrate various festivals.
This document provides an overview of religion and belief systems. It discusses the main types of religions including monotheism, polytheism, and non-theism. It also covers the elements of most religions such as rituals, sacred concepts, belief systems, and organizations. Six major world religions are named as Hinduism, Buddhism, Jainism, Sikhism, Taoism, and Shintoism. The document also categorizes religions as simple supernaturalism, animism, theism, and transcendent idealism and describes the characteristics of each.
This document discusses the positive and negative effects of religion. Positively, religion can promote social harmony by bringing people together, provide moral values and social change, explain phenomena, and give people purpose and belonging. However, it can also affirm social hierarchies, cause discrimination through intolerant beliefs, trigger conflicts and violence, be used to control people economically, and impede scientific advancement by rejecting theories that contradict religious doctrines.
Introduction to World Religions and Belief Systems.pptxMaynard Caspillo
This document discusses the concepts of religion and spirituality. It defines religion as an organized system of beliefs, ceremonies, and rules used to worship gods, while spirituality involves a sense that there is something greater than oneself. It notes that spirituality focuses on the divine within and personal beliefs, while religion focuses on a creator god outside oneself and dictated beliefs. The document also defines worldview as a collection of beliefs about life held by people, and briefly outlines some Eastern and Western belief systems as well as different kinds of belief systems such as monism, monotheism, polytheism, atheism, and agnosticism.
The document discusses the origins and beliefs of major world religions. It begins by covering Eastern religions such as Hinduism, Buddhism, Taoism, and Confucianism, which originated in South and East Asia between 2500 BCE and 500 BCE. It then discusses Abrahamic faiths including Judaism, Christianity and Islam, which emerged in the Middle East, with Judaism beginning around 2000 BCE, Christianity in 1st century CE, and Islam in 610 CE. For each religion, the summary provides a brief overview of its founder, core beliefs, and sacred texts.
The document provides an overview of Theravada Buddhism, which adheres to the original teachings of Siddhartha Gautama, the founder of Buddhism. It discusses the Four Noble Truths, which explain suffering and how to end it. It also outlines the Eightfold Path, which provides a framework for living according to Buddhist principles through right understanding, purpose, speech, action, livelihood, effort, mindfulness, and concentration. Activities are included for students to learn about and apply the concepts of the Four Noble Truths and Eightfold Path.
This document provides an introduction to world religions and belief systems. It begins with a pretest to assess the reader's understanding. It then defines key terms like worldview, belief system, religion, spirituality, and theology. It discusses how worldviews are shaped by religions and describes some major belief systems like monism, monotheism, atheism, polytheism, and theism. The document also explores the relationship between religion and geography, noting how many major faiths originated in Asia and were then spread by geographical factors. It provides examples of sacred places in different religious traditions and discusses the interplay between culture and religion.
Buddhism originated in India in the 6th century BCE with the teachings of Siddhartha Gautama, known as the Buddha. The Buddha taught the Four Noble Truths and the Noble Eightfold Path to overcome suffering. Buddhism spread from India and now has over 300 million followers worldwide. It is considered both a religion and a philosophy that focuses on spiritual enlightenment and living an ethical life. Key Buddhist concepts like karma, dharma, and meditation are shared with Hinduism. Buddhism has also influenced globalization and relations between countries like India, Vietnam, and Japan through cultural exchange and the spread of its teachings.
The document discusses the major schools and traditions of Buddhism, including Theravada Buddhism, which is the oldest surviving school and emphasizes personal effort to attain enlightenment; Mahayana Buddhism, which focuses on the bodhisattva ideal and became prominent along the Silk Road; and Vajrayana Buddhism, which developed esoteric rituals and became dominant in Tibet. It also provides timelines and details on the origins, teachings, and spread of the different Buddhist traditions across Asia and beyond.
Detail Study on World Religions - BuddhismDhaval Panchal
This document provides a detailed summary of Buddhism, including:
- Buddhism was founded in India by Siddhartha Gautama, known as the Buddha, who attained enlightenment under the Bodhi tree.
- Key concepts include the four noble truths, the eightfold path, and seeking liberation from suffering through meditation.
- There are three main denominations - Theravada, Mahayana, and Vajrayana - which differ in their ideals and teachings.
- Buddhism incorporates various rituals, festivals, and symbols like the dharma wheel to aid the journey to enlightenment.
sociological-philosophical foundations in Public AdministrationJonathan Taladro
This document provides an overview of Hinduism, Buddhism, and Confucianism and their implications for public administration. It describes the origins and key tenets of each religion. Hinduism is one of the oldest religions originating in India with beliefs in dharma, karma, samsara, and moksha. Buddhism was founded by Siddhartha Gautama and teaches the Four Noble Truths and Eightfold Path to end suffering. Confucianism was influenced by the teachings of Confucius and emphasizes virtue, morality, and good governance. All three Eastern philosophies emphasize concepts like duty, ethics, and harmony that can influence approaches to public service and administration.
This document provides information about Buddhism and the Buddha. It discusses the life of Siddhartha Gautama, the founder of Buddhism, and key Buddhist beliefs such as the four noble truths, karma, rebirth, and nirvana. It also describes different types of Buddhism like Theravada, Mahayana, Tibetan, and Zen Buddhism. The document contains pictures showing depictions of the Buddha from different cultures and eras as well as Buddhist symbols, texts, and practices. It concludes with discussing the spread of Buddhism and modern Buddhism in America.
Theravada Buddhism is one of the two main divisions of Buddhism, along with Mahayana Buddhism. Theravada Buddhism, which has around 150 million adherents, draws from the oldest Buddhist texts and is primarily practiced in countries like Myanmar, Thailand, and Sri Lanka. It focuses on preserving the original teachings of Siddhartha Gautama, the founder of Buddhism, who lived in ancient India in the 5th century BC and achieved enlightenment under the Bodhi tree.
This document provides an overview of Theravada Buddhism, including:
- The historical background and key figures like Siddhartha Gautama (the Buddha).
- The three divisions of the Pali Canon (sutra, vinaya, and abhidharma pitakas) which contain the scriptures and teachings.
- Core doctrines like the Four Noble Truths, Noble Eightfold Path, and concepts of impermanence, non-self, and dependent origination.
- Important observances, festivals, and structures like stupas that are part of Buddhist worship and practice in Theravada traditions.
Mahayana Buddhism diverged into numerous schools over 2000 years and advanced concepts like Buddha having multiple manifestations and being a celestial being rather than human. It emphasizes bodhisattvas who pursue enlightenment to help all beings. Major schools include Madhyamika focusing on truth beyond duality and Yogachara denying perceivable truth exists. Other influential schools are Pure Land focusing on Amitabha Buddha, Zen emphasizing intuitive meditation, and Tibetan Buddhism incorporating local Bon beliefs and tantric practices.
Buddhism is a 2500 year old philosophy and religion that began in India and has spread throughout Asia. It is based on the teachings of Buddha, including the Four Noble Truths and the Eightfold Path. Buddhism rejects the Hindu caste system and concept of atman or soul. The main schools of Buddhism are Theravada, Mahayana, Vajrayana, and Zen.
Buddhism is a 2500 year old philosophy and religion that began in India and has spread throughout Asia. It is based on the teachings of Buddha, including the Four Noble Truths and the Eightfold Path. Buddhism rejects the Hindu caste system and concept of atman or soul. The main schools of Buddhism are Theravada, Mahayana, Vajrayana, and Zen.
Buddhism is a 2500 year old philosophy and religion that began in India and has spread throughout Asia. It is based on the teachings of Buddha, including the Four Noble Truths and the Eightfold Path. Buddhism rejects the Hindu caste system and concept of atman or soul. The three main branches are Theravada, Mahayana, and Vajrayana Tibetan Buddhism.
Buddhism is a 2500 year old philosophy and religion that began in India and has spread throughout Asia. It is based on the teachings of Buddha, including the Four Noble Truths and the Eightfold Path. Buddhism rejects the Hindu caste system and concept of atman or soul. The three main branches are Theravada, Mahayana, and Vajrayana Tibetan Buddhism.
This document provides an overview of major world religions and philosophical traditions, including Hinduism, Buddhism, Jainism, Chinese Philosophy (Confucianism and Taoism). It describes their origins, key beliefs, principles, and religious texts. For example, it explains that Hinduism originated in India and believes in karma, reincarnation, and dharma. The four Vedas and Bhagavad Gita are among its major religious texts. Buddhism also originated in India and was founded by Buddha, focusing on the four noble truths and eightfold path to end suffering.
Hinduism originated in the Indian subcontinent and has no single founder or place of origin. It is one of the oldest religions, with earliest evidence found in excavations of Harappa and Mohenjo-Daro dating back to around 1500 BC. Hindus believe in a supreme God called Brahman that is present in all things, and worship other gods and goddesses as aspects of Brahman. Hinduism teaches concepts like karma, samsara, and moksha, and is expressed through scriptures like the Vedas and Upanishads and epics like the Ramayana and Mahabharata. The religion influences many aspects of life in India like social hierarchy, duties, architecture, and festivals.
Siddhartha Gautama founded Buddhism in India in the 6th century BC after becoming enlightened under a bodhi tree. He taught that life involves suffering, but the Four Noble Truths and following the Eightfold Path can end suffering and reach Nirvana. Buddhism spread across Asia over centuries and developed into three main traditions: Theravada focuses on monks achieving Nirvana, Mahayana believes anyone can reach Nirvana, and Vajrayana includes Tibetan practices and lamas. Core beliefs include reincarnation, karma, and escaping the cycle of rebirth through purity and Nirvana.
Siddhartha Gautama founded Buddhism in India in the 6th century BC after becoming enlightened under a bodhi tree. He taught that life involves suffering, but the Four Noble Truths and following the Eightfold Path can end suffering and reach Nirvana. Buddhism spread across Asia over centuries and developed into three main traditions: Theravada, Mahayana, and Vajrayana. Key beliefs include reincarnation, karma, and achieving nirvana through living an ethical life and meditation.
Siddhartha Gautama founded Buddhism in India in the 6th century BC after becoming enlightened under a bodhi tree. He taught that life involves suffering, but the Four Noble Truths and following the Eightfold Path can end suffering and reach Nirvana. Buddhism spread across Asia over centuries and developed into three main traditions: Theravada focuses on monks achieving Nirvana, Mahayana believes anyone can reach Nirvana, and Vajrayana includes Tibetan practices and lamas.
The document provides information on the evolution of Buddhist architecture and key sites in India. It discusses the development of important architectural forms like the stupa, vihara, and chaitya hall during the time of Ashoka in the 3rd century BCE. Major rock cut architecture from the period includes the Barabar caves, Ajanta and Ellora, and the vihara at Nasik. The symbolism of the stupa and its architectural elements are also summarized.
Introduction to world religion and belief system MAHAYANNA BUDDHISM (2)_08014...DaisyCadiente
Mahayana Buddhism is a broad group of Buddhist traditions that developed in ancient India and includes Zen Buddhism, Pure Land Buddhism, and Tibetan Buddhism. It is one of the three main branches of Buddhism and believes that anyone can achieve enlightenment by following the Buddha's teachings through practices like the Six Perfections and becoming a Bodhisattva with the goal of compassion.
Certificate Recognition1- certificates of honor studentsLEANNAMAETAPANGCO
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Supervision in Education_ Enhancing Learning and Professional Growth.pptxLEANNAMAETAPANGCO
Supervision in education involves overseeing and supporting teachers to improve instruction and enhance student learning. It plays a crucial role in teacher development through observation, feedback, mentoring and coaching. Effective supervision approaches include clinical supervision, instructional leadership, and peer coaching. Challenges include time constraints, resistance to change, and ensuring diverse student needs are met. Promoting best practices such as trust, collaboration, differentiated support and ongoing feedback can help supervision achieve its goals.
Provisional accreditation granted to new programs to allow time to fully develop in accordance with standards.
Associate: Accreditation granted to developing programs that substantially comply with standards.
Full: Accreditation granted to mature programs that fully meet all standards. Considered the highest level of accreditation.
Reaccreditation: Periodic re-evaluation to ensure programs maintain standards over time.
A conflict arose between a seasoned teacher, Pedro, and a neophyte teacher, Juan, who was known for his achievements in journalism. Juan confronted Pedro after learning that Pedro had been spreading rumors about him. The school head at the time did not intervene to resolve the conflict. After that school year, Pedro was transferred to another school. If managing the situation, the assistant would have mediated a conversation between Pedro and Juan to understand both perspectives, identify what led to their actions, and help them find a mutually agreeable compromise to resolve the conflict peacefully without violence sparking new issues.
1. The document discusses various qualitative data collection techniques including observation, interviews, focus groups, document review, and audio-visual materials review.
2. It provides details on different types of interviews like structured, semi-structured, and unstructured interviews.
3. The qualitative data analysis procedure involves processing raw data as it's collected, analyzing ongoing, data reduction, identifying themes, reporting findings, and interpreting conclusions.
The document discusses key topics related to organizational behavior including its goals, importance, and objectives. Specifically, it outlines three main goals of organizational behavior as explaining behavior, predicting behavior, and controlling behavior. It also lists eight objectives including job satisfaction, finding the right people, organizational culture, leadership and conflict resolution, understanding employees better, developing good leaders, developing good teams, and higher productivity. The document provides examples and explanations for each of these objectives.
This document discusses quantitative and qualitative research methods. Quantitative research involves collecting and analyzing numerical data using structured instruments to study large, representative samples. The results can be generalized, predict future outcomes, and examine causal relationships. Quantitative research has strengths like being objective and allowing for sophisticated statistical analysis but weaknesses like failing to explain why or how outcomes occur. Qualitative research involves collecting non-numerical data like text, video or audio to understand concepts, opinions or experiences.
Strategy implementation involves putting strategic plans into action through programs, budgets, and procedures. It requires action planning, restructuring, and reengineering. Action planning sets goals and mobilizes resources to achieve them. Restructuring reduces costs through downsizing or outsourcing. Reengineering improves processes by redesigning work and jobs. Effective strategic implementation requires leadership to determine strategy and manage resources, as well as a supportive organizational culture established by leaders.
This document provides an overview of formulating a research title. It discusses factors to consider like choosing an interesting topic and avoiding topics that are too broad. It also notes that evidence should come from varied sources. Examples of good and poor research titles are given. Guidelines for writing a title like being brief, concise, and using title case are outlined. The document also contains activities like analyzing sample titles and reflecting on title characteristics. Overall, the document aims to help students understand how to properly formulate an effective research title.
This document summarizes the key findings of a study that explored the lived experiences of administrators of State Universities and Colleges in La Union Province, Philippines in their mission to produce quality teachers.
The administrators discussed three main themes: 1) Preparing students to become generalist teachers, guiding them in special education, and aiding preschool teacher training. 2) Their commendable achievements in providing competence, extending linkages, and strengthening research. 3) The challenges of managing diverse students and allocating limited resources.
To address these experiences, administrators emphasized strategies like intensifying learning habits, organizing schedules, and establishing partnerships with other institutions. The study identified themes around administrators' passion for their mission and strategies they employ
Qualitative data collection techniques involve gathering word-based information using standard validated methods to answer research questions, test hypotheses, and evaluate outcomes. The data is then analyzed through interpretations and categorizations rather than numbers or statistics.
The document discusses mentoring, coaching, and counseling. Mentoring involves using trained individuals to provide guidance and support to help people learn and develop. Coaching works to develop personal capabilities, interpersonal skills, and empathy. Counseling involves talking through personal problems with a counselor to address issues, explore options, and increase self-awareness. The document then lists and describes 12 important counseling skills, including active listening, questioning, note taking, interpretation, and maintaining confidentiality.
Self-esteem refers to what we think and feel about ourselves, while self-worth is recognizing that we are greater than our attributes and of incomprehensible worth. Physical development involves the growth of the body itself, while physiological development refers to increases in bodily functions over time, such as building muscle strength or improving oxygen transfer. Psychological matters are mental or emotional rather than physical, intellectual involves thinking and understanding ideas, spiritual relates to thoughts and beliefs rather than the physical, and social means how things relate to society and its organization.
This document discusses intersubjectivity and appreciating the talents of persons with disabilities and underprivileged groups in society. It defines intersubjectivity as the intersection of people's perspectives and experiences. Intersubjectivity requires accepting differences without imposing on others. The document outlines categories of persons with disabilities and challenges they face. It also discusses measures of poverty and rights of underprivileged groups and women. Assignments are provided to research laws protecting these groups and their accomplishments. The Philippine government supports persons with disabilities, but negative perceptions remain. Human trafficking is a modern form of slavery.
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Philosophy is the science that studies beings in their ultimate causes, reasons, and principles through the aid of human reason alone. It is concerned with understanding the fundamental reasons and principles behind all things that exist, through questioning. Philosophy attempts to understand things in a logical and critical manner. It helps develop skills like critical thinking, problem solving, and understanding different perspectives. Philosophy is important for personal development as it encourages examining one's life, beliefs, and principles. It also helps people make more reasonable moral decisions and potentially improve society.
The document provides an overview of Buddhism and the teachings of Buddha. It describes how Buddha was born a prince but sought answers to life's sufferings like disease, old age and death. His realization was that the solution lies within through following the path of "Dharma" or the law of salvation. This path involves the four noble truths that life involves suffering caused by desires, and when desires are eliminated, suffering ceases. The eightfold path of earnest endeavor outlines steps to eliminate desires through right belief, aspiration, speech, conduct, livelihood, endeavor, mindfulness and meditation. Following this path leads to self-abnegation, discipline of mind and body, and love for all living creatures, allowing one to achieve
This document provides an overview of quantitative research methods. It defines quantitative research as a formal, objective, and systematic process used to generate information. The main types of quantitative research described are descriptive research, correlational research, quasi-experimental research, and experimental research. Experimental research aims to determine cause-and-effect relationships through controlled manipulation of variables and random assignment to groups. The steps of the quantitative research process include defining the problem, reviewing literature, identifying variables, collecting and analyzing data, and reporting results.
This document discusses research methodology and provides information about different types of quantitative research designs. It explains that the research methodology chapter outlines the methods used to collect and analyze data in a study. This allows readers to evaluate the reliability and validity of the research. The document also describes exploratory, descriptive, and causal research designs. It provides details about survey, correlation, and evaluation research under descriptive design. Specifically, it explains that survey research involves collecting opinions through questionnaires, correlation determines relationships between variables, and evaluation assesses program implementation and outcomes.
it describes the bony anatomy including the femoral head , acetabulum, labrum . also discusses the capsule , ligaments . muscle that act on the hip joint and the range of motion are outlined. factors affecting hip joint stability and weight transmission through the joint are summarized.
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Dive into the world of AI! Experts Jon Hill and Tareq Monaur will guide you through AI's role in enhancing nonprofit websites and basic marketing strategies, making it easy to understand and apply.
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আমাদের সবার জন্য খুব খুব গুরুত্বপূর্ণ একটি বই ..বিসিএস, ব্যাংক, ইউনিভার্সিটি ভর্তি ও যে কোন প্রতিযোগিতা মূলক পরীক্ষার জন্য এর খুব ইম্পরট্যান্ট একটি বিষয় ...তাছাড়া বাংলাদেশের সাম্প্রতিক যে কোন ডাটা বা তথ্য এই বইতে পাবেন ...
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A workshop hosted by the South African Journal of Science aimed at postgraduate students and early career researchers with little or no experience in writing and publishing journal articles.
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This slide is special for master students (MIBS & MIFB) in UUM. Also useful for readers who are interested in the topic of contemporary Islamic banking.
Macroeconomics- Movie Location
This will be used as part of your Personal Professional Portfolio once graded.
Objective:
Prepare a presentation or a paper using research, basic comparative analysis, data organization and application of economic information. You will make an informed assessment of an economic climate outside of the United States to accomplish an entertainment industry objective.
2. Mahayana Buddhism
• Believing itself as the more genuine Mahayana Buddhism
has diverged into numerous schools with each developing
its own canon and rituals since its founding more than two
years ago.
• Also known as "Great Wehicle, " Mahayana Buddhism
emerged out of monastic rule and doctrinal differences
within the original form of Buddhism.
• Not a single group but more of an assemble of Buddhism
is widespread in China, Mongolia, Korea, Japan, and
Tibet.
4. Historical Background
• During the third century B.C.E., a number of subtle variations began to take place in Buddhism at a time
when the Mauryan king Ashoka was propagating Buddhist gospels through missionary efforts (Hopfe 1983).
• The Mahasamghika (“of the Great Sangha”), one of the early Buddhist schools, may have been the
source for the initial growth of Mahayana Buddhism, especially during the “Second Buddhist Council” that
occurred a hundred years after Buddha’s par nirvana.
*Set of differing notions pertaining to the original founder and great teacher Siddhartha Gautama himself:
• Firstly, Mahayana Buddhists believed that Siddhartha secretly taught key principles to chosen people, to
his most dedicated disciples, or to the most faithful who could completely interpret these teachings in time.
• Secondly, Mahayana Buddhists forwarded the concept that Siddhartha Gautama was actually a
benevolent celestial being, not just a mere human being.
• Thirdly, Mahayana Buddhists advanced the radical idea that Siddharta Gautama was not the only Buddha.
• Mahayana Buddhism is still the most popular branch of Buddhism in the world today.
6. Sacred
Scriptures
• While mahayana branch accept the canonical texts of the
theravada school such as the Tripitaka (Sanskrit word for
"Three Baskets") which is the collection of Buddha's
teaching. Mahayana buddhism includes many sacred
writings which are nearly identical in content with the Pila
Canon of the theravada sect.
• The canon of Mahayana Buddhism also consists of the
Tripitaka,namely Sutra Pit aka (Discourse) Vinaya Pitaka
(Discipline) Abdidharma Pitaka (Ultimate Doctrine).
• Mahayana buddhists have teachings or sutras not
present in the theravadas school and the followers
believed they have recovered the original teachings of
the buddha.
7. Sacred
Scriptures
• As the original language of transmission,Mahayana
Buddhism adopted the sankrit rather than the Pali form
common terms strictly used in Theravada Buddhism, such
as sutra(or sutta in Pali) and dharma(dhamma in Pali).
• Buddist text were also translated in the local vernacular (It
refers to the language or dialect that is spoken by people
that are inhabiting a particular country or region).
• The Mahayan school posseses innumerable (too many to
be counted) figures often lacking in the theravada
literature, including the bodhisattvas (a person who is
able to reach nirvana but delays doing so out of
compassion in order to save suffering beings).demons,
divinities (Godliness) and other spirits.
8. Sacred Scriptures
• One of the most popular and prominent Mahayana
buddhists texts is the Lotus sutra, or the
saddharmapundarika-sutra that literally means "correct
dharma white lotus sutra" or 'sutra of the Lotus of the
wonderful law" in Sanskrit.
• A sutras pertains to one of the discourse (a written or
spoken communication or debate) of the historical
Buddha that consist the basic text of buddist sacred
writing.
• The Lotus Sutra is presented as a discourse conveyed by
Siddhartha Gautama before his eventual death.
• It contains the most definitive teaching of the Buddha.
• A key idea within the influential sutra is that all people
equally and inherently possesses the so-called "Buddha
nature" or "Buddha hood" which is the condition of
complete happiness and freedom from fear and illusions.
In short, the attainment of enlightenment is open to all
people regardless of gender, race, social status, and
education.
• Mahayana tradition maintains and these suntras were kept
for 500 years and reintroduced only during the "Fourth
Buddhist Council" in Kashmir in 78 C.E.
10. The Buddha
• Siddharta Gautama, born in the fifth or sixth century in Nepal, is considered the historical
Buddha in Mahayana Buddhism.
• He died at the age of 80.
• THERAVADA BUDDHISM- only the historical Buddha and past Buddhas are accepted.
• MAHAYANA BUDDHISM- there are other contemporary and popular Buddhas apart from
the historical Buddha.
11. Trikaya (“three bodies”)
• teaching of Mahayana
Buddhism about the nature of
the Buddha and reality.
• three bodies: dharmakaya,
sambhogakaya, and
nirmanakaya
THE BODY
NATURE OR ASPECT OF
“BUDDHA-HOOD” MANIFESTATION
DHARMAKAYA
- Body of absolute
truth; absolute
nature of all beings.
- Buddha is
transcendent
SAMBHOGAKAYA
- Body that
experiences bliss of
enlightenment.
- Buddha’s body of
bliss, or enjoyment
body
NIRMANAKAYA
- Body that manifests
the world;
embodiment of
dharmakaya in
human form.
- Buddha’s earthly
body, just like any
other human being’s
body
12. Bodhisattvas
• bodhsattva (“enlightened existence”)- ultimate way for any Buddhist to live in this world.
• bodhisattva has the capacity to determine the state of mind and emotion of each person
thereby facilitating assistance based on the actual needs.
• bodhisattvas are embodiment of great compassion.
4 PRINCIPLES BODHISATTVAS
Avalokiteshvara- most revered and most popular Buddhist deity among all bodhisattvas.
Manjushri – embodimentof wisdom, intelligence, and willpower.
Ksitigarbha – the one who helps and liberates all sentient beings residing in hell.
Samanthabhadra – representationof love, virtue, and diligence.
13. Bhumis and Paramitas
• Based on the Mahayana tradition, a bodhisattva must pass 10 bhumis (“grounds” of “land”)
before attaining the so-called “Buddha-hood.” These are extensions of the “Eightfold Path”.
• The bhumis are frequently associated with the paramitas (“perfections”). Translated as “to
cross over the other shore.” Paramitas imply crossing from the “sea of suffering” to the “shore
of happiness.”
• A boddhisattva vow is stated as “May I attain Buddhahood for the benefit of all sentient
beings.” The 10 bhumis as lifted from Avatamsaka Sutra or “Flower Garland Sutra,”one of
the most influential sutra of Mahayana Buddhism in East Asia, are listed in ther next slide:
14. Bhumis and Paramitas
BHUMI DESCRIPTION PARAMITA NATURE
Pramudita (Joyful Land) - The bodhisattva starts the journey joyful with the inspiration of
enlightenment
- Dana Paramita (
Generosity)
• Perfection of giving or
generosity
Vimala-bhumi ( Land of Purity) - The bodhisattva is purified of immoral conduct and
dispositions
- Sila Paramita (
Discipline)
• Perfection of morality
Prabhakari- bhumi ( Luminous or Radiant Land) - The bodhisattva is purified of the “Three Poisons,” namely,
greed, hate, and ignorance
- Ksanti Paramita (
Patience)
• Perfection of patience of
forbearance
Archismati- bhumi ( The Brilliant or Blazing Land) - The bodhisattva burns away all false conceptions - Virya Paramita (
Diligence)
• Perfection of energy
Sudurjaya- bhumi ( The Land That is Difficult to
Conquer)
- The bodhisattva goes deeper into meditation and understands
the "Four Noble Truths" and the "Two Truths" which are the
conventional and the ultimate truths
- Dhyana Paramita (
Meditative
Concentration)
• Perfection of meditation
15. Bhumis and Paramitas
ABHIU ( THE LAND LOOKING
FORWARD TO WISDOM)
- THE BODHISATTVA SEES THAT ALL PHENOMENA ARE WITHOUT
SELF-ESSENCE AND UNDERSTANDS THE NATURE OF
DEPENDENT ORIGINATION
PRAJNA
PARAMITA (
WISDOM)
PERFECTION OF
WISDOM
Durangama- bhumi ( The Far-Reaching
Land)
- The bodhisattva acquires the power of skilful means
(upaya) to help others realize enlightenment
Achala- bhumi ( The Immovable Land) - The bodhisattva can no longer be disturbed because
“Buddha-hood” is within sight
Sadhumati- bhumi ( The Land of Good
Thoughts)
- The bodhisattva understands all dharmas and is able
to teach others
Dharmamegha- bhumi ( The Land of
Dharma Clouds)
- The bodhisattva is confirmed of the “Buddha-hood”
and enters “Tushita Heaven” or the heaven of
contented gods
17. Worship and Observances
• Buddhism integrates (bring people or group so that they become a
whole) an assortment of religious practices and devotional rituals
with the objective of aiding worshippers in their journey toward
enlightenment and in bringing blessings to each and every one.
• In Buddhist and bodhisattvas, they pray and chant to pay their
respect to the Buddha's and bodhisattvas, such as Avalokiteshvara
(the embodiment of the virtue of compassion) Manjushri(gentle or
sweet, glory)Amitabha (infinite light)
• Worshippers also recite chants and undertake pilgrimages to sites of
Buddhist importance. Meditational activities are fundamental in
almost all popular forms of Buddhist. For Theravada Buddhism and
Zen Buddhist, the practice of meditation is the only means to attain
liberation.
• The Lotus that symbolizes purity, the eight-spoke wheels that
represent that dharma, and the different hand gestures(mudras) are
important symbols for Mahayana Buddhists.
19. Subdivision
• Mahayana Buddhism consists of a variety of school and family of religions.
• The teaching of Mahayana Buddhism spread in many Asian nations .
• New concepts from these localities that found articulation in many ritualistic
practices and divine figures.
• The more philosophical side of Indian Mahayana Buddhism was developed within
the context of the two major schools ,the Madhyamika and the Yogachara
• the Madhyamika(intermediate) - whose adherents stress the transformation of
human perception to handle the truth of that which is ultimately real beyond any
duality.
• The Yogachara(Practice of yoga) - thinkers emphasize that the truth a human
being perceives does not exist
20. The Pure Land Sec
• Pure Land Buddhism began in India around the
second century B.C.E, spread to China by the second
century C.E
• Japan around sixth century C.E Thier objective to live
in the "Pure Land of the West "or Shukhavati.
• Reciting the name of the Amitabha with utmost
attentiveness many times during the day , they may be
reborn in this paradise where they can work achieve
enlightenment much easier
• Amitabha - the god who supervises over the western
paradise, is the focus of this sect.
• Shukhavati - people can experience the delight in
hearing Amitabha teach the dharma in preparation for
their entry to nirvana. Aside from meditations,
Buddhist sect utilizes chants and recitations to focus
on helpfully thoughts.
21. The Pure Land Sec
• In Japan simplifying sects practices , such as those
done by the monk Honen in the twelfth century ,
this attracted many followers to the sect Jodo
Buddhism of Jodo - shu ("The Pure Land School")
founded in 1175.
• Rose people who are not able to carry out
mediational intricacies and the long ritualistic
practices can still attain enlightenment by simply
reciting the name of Amitabha with utmost genuine
faith. A form of Buddhism made accessible to
everyone
• An offshoot of Pure Land Buddhism is the Shin
Buddhism or Jodo Shin - shu("The Pure Land
School") founded by another japanese monk Shiran
During the thirteenth century. A discipline of Honan,
Shiran preached the primacy of faith and considered
the act of chanting having no value at all.
22. The Intuitive Sects
• The establishment of intuitive sects of Buddhism can be traced around sixth century C.E. to the work of an Indian
monk named Bodhidharma whose life stories are shrouded with mysteries and numerous legends (Murphy
1949).
• This concept entered China from India, and then carried onward to Korea and Japan. In China, it came to be
known as Ch'an. Ch'an Buddhism has close affinity with Taoist philosophy because both are kinds of mysticism
(Jurji 1946).
• In Japan, it reached its peak with the development of Zen which is a blend of Indian Mahayana Buddhism and
Daoism.
• Followers of this school are called meditative Buddhists. Focusing on meditation as the path to liberation, Zen
Buddhism is basically a monastic discipline (Losch 2001).
• The word for "meditation" in India is dhyana, ch'an in China, and zen in Japan.
• The intuitive sects emphasize that salvation is a personal matter and one cannot receive assistance from other
entities, such as another person or institution, to realize the inner truths of religion. In short, most elements of
religion from scriptures, temples, statues, prayers, and rituals are not essential to achieve enlightenment.
• Modern European thinkers have been attracted to Zen Buddhism because of its concept on simplicity and
intuitive inspiration (Brown 1975).
23. The Rationalist Sects
• A rationalist Buddhist school of thought called T'ien-t'ai
emerged around the sixth century C.E. with its name
originating from a mountain in south- eastern China
where its founder Chih-I or Zhiyi lived
• This sect taught that one must utilize reason and study the
scriptures and doctrines to discover Buddhist truths
(Hopfe 1983).
• Chih-I emphasized that acts of studying and
contemplation were both vital for spiritual enlightenment.
• Other means to reach this goal include mystical
communion with the eternal, ascetic discipline,
meritorious deeds, and simple faith in the mercy of the
Buddha (Jurji 1946).
• In 806 C.E., the teachings of Chih-I were introduced in
Japan by the monk Saicho that came to be known as
Tendai. During the eleventh century, the Buddhist monk
Uicheon established the Cheontae Buddhist school in
Korea
24. Socio-political Sect
• A Japanese Buddhist monk by the name of Nichiren Daishonin who lived during
the thirteeth century during the Kamakura perion began to teach that the path
towards attaining enlightenment rested solely on the devotion to the Lotus Sutra.
• Nichiren Buddhism teaches that individual must take responsibility to enchance
themselve,or what is called "Human evolution", and,in turn,to improve the world's
lot.Enlightenment is accesible to every individual on earth simply by opening one's
inherent Buddha-nature in this world,Nichiren himself is considered a Buddha.
• Nichiren taught that he alone understood Buddhist truths. He believed hat other
Buddhist sects in Japan were corrupting the people towards hell. As he was living
in a degraded stage, Japanese society was also in a state of disarray. For his
missionary work and excessive criticism of rival Buddhist sects in Japan, he made
many influential enemies.
• Nichiren also reproached Japanese authority because of its failure to promote the
Lotus Sutra and for allowing fraudulent Buddhist sects to flourish in the country. To
him, religion and patriotism were one (Jurji 1946Although some of his disciples
were executed, he refused to renege in his principles. In 1274, he was given
freedom and cleared of his wrongful acts.
25. Tibetan Buddhism
• Buddhism was officially introduced into
Tibet around the sevnth century C.E.
during the reign of Songtsan Gampo,
considered the founder of Tibetan
Empire.
• In pre-Buddhistic relighion, Bon was a
kind of shamanism where spirits and
deities were revered(Parrindeer 1971). It
was concerned with the performance of
magic, incantations, and spells.
• Tibetan Buddhism is the use fo magic as a
coping mechanism in the Tibetan way of
life(Hopfe 1983)
• The four major school of Tibetan
Buddhism include Nyingma, Kagyu, Sakya,
and Gelug.
26. Tibetan Buddhism
• The term lamma means “ the superior
one”
• The Dalai Lamma is the most prominent
face of Tibetan Buddhism
• The term dalai means “ocean” in
Mongol referring to the vastness and
depth of the person.
• The current and 14th Dalai Lama is
Tenzin Gyatso who is their leader of
Gelug school of Tibetan Buddhism
28. Tibet Invasion
• For centuries both China and India just have been claiming Tibet as part of their territories. In 1950
however China annexed Tibet and negotiate the so-called "Sevententh-Point Agreement"with the
government of the fourteenth Dalai Lama. In 1959,in Dalai Lama failed in his bid to oust China's
puppet rule as the Tibetan uprising was defeated by the more powerful Chinese force
• With the implementation of Mao Zedong's "Great Leap Forward " from 1958 to 1961(China's socio-
economic campaign to transform the country into a socialist society, between 200,000 to 1,000,000
Tibetans tragically met their death.
• Tragically, China's occupation of Tibet has led to countless deaths of many Buddhist monks, nuns, and
laity who wish to continue their religious practices in their native land.
• From 1959-1977 almost all elements of Tibetanian Buddhism were obliterated. Press empty the Dalai
Lima has been continuously visiting other countries preaching a message of hope and peace. He has
been given numerous citizen of various international advocacies and teaching activities such as the
RAMON MAGSAYSAY AWARD COMMUNITY LEADERSHIP(1959) NOBEL PEACE PRIZE (1989) U.S
CONGRESSIONAL GOLD MEDAL (2007) and TEMPLETON PRIZE (2012)
29. Engaged Activism
• Rituals suicide led by Buddhist monks has transpired in the 20th century as a form of protest to
governmental actions.
• For example a crisis occurred between Buddhists and the south with Vietnamese Government lead
by Ngo Dinh Diem in the 1960s that has tremendous effect I politics,militancy, and religious
tolerance.
• As the result of this Thich Quang Duc,a Vietnamese Mahayana Buddhist monk he voluntarily burned
himself to death in a busy Saigon road intersection in 1963. Later on,several other monks followed
his example.
• In Japan, a militant and missionary form of Buddhism was founded in 1930 called the Soka Gakkai,a
religious movement based on the teachings of Nichiren Buddhism. During the second world war the
group temporary disband only to emerge mightily after the war. after its hiatus, The member of this
group grew rapidly while employing hardline and continuous recruitment including coercion,
Fear,intimidation. and the use of threats a political party as even formed by the Soka Gakkai,the
Komeito, that became the third most powerful in Japan.