Geography and religion revised

Southeast Asia is a subregion of Asia, consisting of the countries that are
geographically south of China, east of India and north of Australia. The
region lies on the intersection of geological plates, with heavy seismic and
volcanic activity

Mainland Southeast
Asia
(or Indochina).
Maritime
Southeast

The physical features of Southeast Asia, contains of
Mountains and Rivers.
-Mountains are the dominant landscape.
Most of the peaks are below 10,000 feet, which
create geographical and political barriers.
The Western and Northern highlands separate
region from India and China. The mineral-rich
volcanic material breaks down
and leaves rich, fertile soil, which make
Southeast Asia highly productive agricultural.
-Rivers are very significant in the Southeast Asia. It is the waterways for
transportation, communication and food.
Silt and deposits of sediment create fertile agricultural regions. The mainland
rivers originate in northern highlands and flow south to Gulf of Thailand

 A religion and philosophy that originated in India in the 6th. Century
B.C., based on the teachings of Siddharta Gautama, called Buddha or
Enlightened one.
Today Buddhism is the fourth
largest religion in the world,
with 360 million Hinduism

Three Major Categories of Buddhism
1. Theravada Buddhism ("Way of the Elders") is also
known as southern Buddhism because most of its
followers are located in Burma, Cambodia, Laos, Sri
Lanka, Thailand and some of Vietnam. Buddhism
started in many of these countries when
missionaries came over from India.
2.2. Mahayana Buddhism is also known as eastern Buddhism and is predominantly found
in China, Japan, Korea, and some of Vietnam. Mahayana entered East Asia during the Han
dynasty (206 to 220 BCE) in China. It was first practiced by the working class and then
began to spread to the rulers of China. Missionaries traveled to surrounding countries
and where it soon became popular.

n Buddhism is also known as Northern Buddhism and is widely popular in Tibet, Mongolia, Russia and parts of China. Tibetan Buddhism began in Tibet around 640 CE. In the beginning, there were many conflicts with the native

3. Tibetan Buddhism is also known as Northern Buddhism and is widely popular in
Tibet, Mongolia, Russia and parts of China. Tibetan Buddhism began in Tibet around
640 CE. In the beginning, there were many conflicts with the native Tibetan religion
on Bon. After the Cultural Revolution, Tibetan Buddhism began its revival
Buddhist beliefs•Buddhists do not believe in a god or gods
•Do not believe in prayer, the need for eternal life
or salvation
•They do believe in reincarnation, which is the
cycle of rebirth, life and death
before they reach their ultimate goal of nirvana
•Buddhists also believe in the four noble truths
right thinking, right speech, right conduct,
right livelihood, right effort,
right mindfulness and right concentration)

 Hinduism is thought to have gotten its name from the Persian word
hindu, meaning "river," used by outsiders to describe the people of the
Indus River Valley.
There are a total of 900 million Hindus worldwide,
making Hinduism the third largest religion (after Christianity
and Islam).
Scholars describe modern Hinduism as the
product of religious development in India that
spans nearly four thousand years, making it
the oldest surviving world religion. Indeed, as
seen above, Hindus regard their religion as
eternal (sanatama).

Shivaism refers to Shiva as
the ultimate deity. People who
worship Shiva consider him to
be everything: creator,
preserver, and destroyer.
Overall Shiva is known for
being the destroyer, because
without destruction there can
be no recreation. Shiva is the
source of both good and evil
who combines many opposing
elements and he is associated
with fertility.
Vaishnaism refers to Vishnu as
the ultimate deity. Vishnu is
known as the preserver and is
believed to be associated with
the sun god and is considered
by worshipers to be the
greatest of all the gods. Vishnu
preserves and protects the
universe and save human kind
from natural disasters and
oppression

Hindus worship many gods and goddess.
Hindus believe that certain Gods and Goddesses represent
certain aspects of life.
Brahma (creator of the universe)
 Vishnu (preserver of the universe)
 and Shiva (destroyer of the universe)
Hindus believe in reincarnation and the caste system.
Considers cow as a sacred animal.
The Vedas are the ultimate authority.
Vedas are Hindu scriptures that
contain revelations received by
ancient saints and sages.

Historians claim that the prophet Muhammad founded Islam in 622 CE.
They believe that it started in the city of Mecca, when according to
Muhammad, the angel Gabriel began reading the first revelation.
 Today Islam is the second largest religion in the world after Christianity, with
approximately 1.3 billion adherents. Approximately 22% of the world’s
population is Muslim.

Believe in The Quran,
the sacred text of Islam states,
Muslim Beliefs about Allah
Muslim Beliefs about the Afterlife

Believe in the Five Pillar of Islam

Christianity is the world's largest
religion, with over 2.4 billion
adherents, known as
Christians. Christians believe that Jesus
is the Son of God and the savior of
humanity whose coming as Christ or the
Messiah was prophesied in the Old
Testament.

Bible is the only inspired, infallible, and
authoritative written Word of God, penned by
man with the leading of the Holy Spirit.
There is one God, eternally existent in three persons: God the
Father, God the Son, and God the Holy Spirit.
Believe in the death, descent into hell, resurrection,
and ascension of Christ, the holiness of the Church and
the communion of saints ,theChrist's second coming,
the Day of Judgement and salvation of the faithful.

Capital of Vietnam
Hanoi
Asia, bordering the Gulf of Thailand,
Gulf of Tonkin and South China as
well as China, Laos and

 Climate Tropical in south; monsoonal in north with hot, rainy season
(May to September) and warm, dry season (October to March)
 Land area- 653,508 sq km
 Land use
a) agricultural land: 34.8%
b) arable land 20.6%;
permanent crops 12.1%;
permanent pasture 2.1%
c) forest: 45% d) other: 20.2% (2011 est.)
Population:56,320,206

Ethnic groups
 Thai 95.9%,
 Burmese 2%,
 other 1.3%,
 unspecified 0.9%
(2010 est.) b
Languages
Thai (official) 90.7%, Burmese
1.3%, other 8% note: English is
a secondary language of the
elite (2010 est.)
Religions
Buddhist (official) 93.6%, Muslim
4.9%, Christian 1.2%, other 0.2%,
none 0.1% (2010 est.)

rice, coffee, rubber, tea,
pepper, soybeans,
cashews, sugar cane,
peanuts,
Food Processing,
Garments, Shoes,
machine-building, mining,
coal, steel, cement,
chemical fertilizers, glass,
tires, oil, mobile phones

LOCATION:
Southeastern Asia, northeast of
Thailand, west of Vietna
Capital of Vietnam
Vientiane

Climate
 Landlocked; most of the country is mountainous and thickly forested; the Mekong
River forms a large part of the western boundary with Thailand
Land Area : 230,800 sq km
Land use:
 a) agricultural land: 10.6%
 b) arable land 6.2%;
 permanent crops 0.7%;
 permanent pasture 3.7%
 c) forest: 67.9% d) other: 21.5% (2011 est)
Population: 6,911,544
(July 2015 est.)

 Ethnic groups: Lao 54.6%, Khmou 10.9%, Hmong 8%, Tai 3.8%, Phuthai 3.3%, Lue
2.2%, Katang 2.1%, Makong 2.1%, Akha 1.6%, other 10.4%, unspecified 1% (2005
est.)
Languages: Lao
(official), French,
English, various
ethnic language
Religions: Buddhist
66.8%, Christian
1.5%, other 31%,
unspecified 0.7%
(2005 est.)

 sweet potatoes, vegetables, corn,
coffee, sugarcane, tobacco, cotton,
tea, peanuts, rice; cassava (manioc,
tapioca), water buffalo, pigs, cattle,
poultry
 mining (copper, tin, gold, gypsum);
timber, electric power, agricultural
processing, rubber, construction,
garments, cement, tourism

Location: Southeastern Asia,
bordering the Andaman Sea and the
Bay of Bengal, between Bangladesh
Myanmar Capital
Nag Pyi Taw

 Climate:
 tropical monsoon; cloudy, rainy, hot,
humid summers (southwest monsoon,
June to September); less cloudy, scant rainfall,
mild temperatures, lower humidity during winter
(northeast monsoon, December to April)
 Land Area- 653,508 sq km
 Land use:
 agricultural land: 19.2%
 arable land 16.5%; permanent crops 2.2%;
 forest: 48.2%
 other: 32.6% (2011 est.) Population: 56,320,206

In 2006 the capital of Myanmar was moved from Yangon
(formerly Rangoon) to Nay Pyi Taw.
Education - "Education For All“
The Mons- The first people
in Myanmar
Japanese Occupation
 The Irrawaddy River in Myanmar is
believed to be a symbol of ‘Continuity’. Irrawaddy River

 Ethnic groups:
 Burman 68%, Shan 9%, Karen 7%, Rakhine 4%, Chinese 3%, Indian 2%, Mon 2%,
other 5%
 Languages:
 Burmese (official)
 note: minority ethnic groups have their own languages
 Religions:
 Buddhist 89%, Christian 4% (Baptist 3%, Roman Catholic 1%), Muslim 4%, Animist
1%, other 2%

rice, pulses, beans,
sesame, groundnuts,
sugarcane; fish and
fish
agricultural processing;
wood and wood products;
copper, tin, tungsten, iron;
cement, construction
materials; pharmaceuticals;
fertilizer; oil and natural gas;
garments, jade, gems

LOCATION:Southeastern Asia, bordering the
Andaman Sea and the Gulf of Thailand,
southeast of Burma
Capital of Thailand
Bangkok

 Thailand’s name in the Thai language is Prathet Thai, which means “Land of the
Free.” It is the only country in Southeast Asia that was never colonized by a European
nation
Thailand is home to the world’s largest gold Buddha,
the largest crocodile farm, the largest restaurant, the longest
single-span suspension bridge, and the world’s tallest hotel
The world’s
largest
Buddha is
9.8 feet tall
Thailand is the world’s 51st largest country. Russia is the
largest. The United States is third largest
Thailand is home to the world’s
child, Supatra “Nat” Sasuphan.

Land Area-10,890 sq
km
Land use
•agricultural
land: 41.2%
•arable land 30.8%;
permanent pasture
1.6%
•forest: 37.2%
•other: 21.6% (2011
est.
Climate
tropical; rainy, warm,
cloudy southwest
monsoon (mid-May
to September); dry,
cool northeast
monsoon (November
to mid-March);
southern isthmus
always hot and
humid.

 Ethnic groups
Thai 95.9%, Burmese 2%, other 1.3%,
unspecified 0.9% (2010 est.)
 Languages
 Thai (official) 90.7%, Burmese 1.3%, other 8%
note: English is a secondary language of the elite
(2010 est.)
 Religions
Buddhist (official) 93.6%, Muslim 4.9%,
Christian 1.2%, other 0.2%, none 0.1% (2010 est.)
Population:67,976,405

PRODUCT
rice, cassava (manioc, tapioca), rubber,
corn, sugarcane, coconuts, palm oil,
pineapple, livestock, fish products,
beverages, tobacco, cement, pulp and
paper, rubber, sugar, rice, tourism, textiles and garment weaving
agricultural processing, light
manufacturing machinery and metal
work, petrochemical, petroleum refining,
pharmaceuticals, printing, fishing,
world's second-largest tungsten
producer and third-largest tin producer

Location: Southeastern Asia, bordering the
Andaman Sea and the Gulf of Thailand,
southeast of Burma
Capital of Cambodia:
Phnom Penh
Phnom Penh

 Climate:
 Tropical; rainy, monsoon season (May to November); dry season (December to April);
little seasonal temperature variation
 Land Area- 653,508 sq km
 Land use:
 agricultural land: 32.1%
 arable land 22.7%; permanent crops 0.9%;
 forest: 56.5%
 other: 11.4% (2011 est.)
Population: 176,515 sq km

 The Cambodian flag is the only national flag
that has an image of a building –the Angkor Wat.
Cambodia has one of the highest deforestation rates
in the world.Between the years 1990 and 2005, the
country has lost 25,000 square kilometers of forest.
In 2001, Cambodia opened its first
across the Mekong River, linking the
east and west of the country.
Hollow bricks are used to construct almost all buildings in Cambodia. This
is to save cost. Furthermore, there is no skyscraper in Phnom Penh, the
country’s capital city. The skyline has been kept low to avoid overshadowing
the Royal Palace. The tallest building in the country currently under
construction in Phnom Penh is the 42-storey high Gold Tower 42

 Ethnic groups:
Khmer 90%, Vietnamese 5%, Chinese 1%, other 4%
 Languages:
Khmer (official) 96.3%, other 3.7% (2008 est.)
 Religions:
Buddhist (official) 96.9%, Muslim 1.9%,
Christian 0.4%, other 0.8% (2008

 rice, rubber, corn, vegetables,
cashews, cassava (manioc, tapioca),
silk, wood and wood products,
 tourism, garments and textile weaving
construction, rice milling, fishing, gem
mining, oil and gas manufacturing

 Formerly known as Dutch East Indies (Netherlands East Indies)
 Used as early as 1884 (German Geographer)
 Greek indos and nesos
 Western Guinea (part of Indonesia)
 Thousands of volcanic islands
 Beaches, volcanoes, elephants, tigers and
Komodo dragons
 Hot climate
Komodo dragons are the
heaviest lizards on Earth.

Archipelago
17,500 islands (7,000 inhabited)
Most populated country in Southeast Asia
4th largest Asian country
4th most populated country in the World

Population:
225,708,785 (2015 est.)
Land Area:
1.919 sq. km.
Dimensions:
East to West - 3,200 miles (5,100 km)
North to South – 1,100 miles (1,800 km)

Rice, Palm Oil, Cassava, Petroleum,
Coffee, Coconuts, Corn, Rubber, Sugar
Cane, Peanuts, Natural Gas, Plywood,
Textiles, Clothing, Ebony, Teak

Manufacturing
Mining
Construction

Sumatra
Java
Bali
Celebes (Sulawesi)
Borneo

Islam (most dominant)
 88%
 Java and Sumatra
 12th century – arrival of Muslim traders from
India
 Between 12th and 15th centuries
 Sumatra, Java, and Kalimantan

Christianity
 Two main Christian divisions: Protestantism and Roman
Catholicism
Protestantism
 16th century (Dutch East Indies Colonization)
Roman Catholicism
 Portuguese arrival
 Spice trading

Hinduism
 earliest religion in Indonesia
 1st century
 Agama Hindu Dharma
 No caste system
 Local and ancestral spirits instead of rebirth and
reincarnation
 Art and ritual instead of scriptures, laws and beliefs

Buddhism
 second oldest religion
 6th century

At Southeastern Asia, peninsula bordering
Thailand and northern onethird
of the island of Borneo, bordering
Indonesia, Brunei, and the South
China Sea, south of Vietnam
CAPITAL

Land Use
Climate
Tropical; annual southwest (April to October) and northeast (October to
February) monsoon
b) arable land 2.9%; permanent crops 19.4%; permanent
pasture 0.9%
c) forest: 62%
d) other: 14.8% (2011 est.)

People of Asia
Ethnic groups:
Malay 50.1%,
Chinese 22.6%,
indigenous 11.8%,
Indian 6.7%,
other 0.7%,
non-citizens 8.2% (2010 est.)

Islam
- 61.3% of the country
- Arab traders sailed to the
Malay archipelago as early as
the seventh century.
Buddhism
- 20% of the country
- Chinese Influence
- Nirvana
Hinduism
- 6.3% of the country
- Indian Influence
- Shaivite tradition

rubber, tin, palm oil, tropical
hardwoods, cocoa, and pepper.
petroleum, natural gas, and
manufactured items, especially
electronics and semiconductors
Peninsula Malaysia - rubber and oil
palm processing and manufacturing,
petroleum and natural gas, light
manufacturing, pharmaceuticals,
medical technology, electronics and
semiconductors, timber processing;
Sabah - logging,
petroleum and natural
gas production

 Lies at the tip of the Malay
Peninsula
 Borders Malaysia, Indonesia,
and Brunei
 Area: 248 square miles
(642 square kilometers)
 Consists of the diamond-shaped
Singapore
 Island and some 60 small islets
 Like Vatican City, a Citystate)

Population: 3 Million (2.7
Million: Citizens and
permanent residents,
300,000: Foreign workers)
Chinese: 78 %
Malays: 14 %
Indians: 7 %
Others: 1 %

 One of the most religious countries in the world
 Major religions:
Islam (Malay)
Hinduism (Indians)
Buddhism (Chinese)
Taoism (Chinese)
Folk religion (Chinese)

 Top 10 Exports:
1. Electronic equipment: US$124.9 billion (30.5% of total
exports)
2. Oil: $68.7 billion (16.8%)
3. Machines, engines, pumps: $54 billion (13.2%)
4. Organic chemicals: $18.3 billion (4.5%)
5. Plastics: $16.4 billion (4%)
6. Medical, technical equipment: $15.9 billion (3.9%)
7. Gems, precious metals, coins: $8.2 billion (2%)
8. Pharmaceuticals: $7.1 billion (1.7%)
9. Aircraft, spacecraft: $5.8 billion (1.4%)
10. Books, newspapers, pictures: $5.7 billion (1.4%)

Economy is liberalized
Major Industries:
1. Construction
2. Banking and Finance
3. Tourism
4. Biomedical Sciences

•Southeastern
Asia, archipelago
between the
Philippine Sea and
the South China
Sea, east of
Vietnam

 Climate Tropical marine; northeast monsoon (November to April);
southwest monsoon (May to October)
 Land Use a.) agricultural land: 41% b.) arable land 18.2%; permanent
crops 17.8%; permanent pasture 5% c.) forest: 25.9% d.) other: 33.1%
(2011 est.)

Ethnic groups:
 Tagalog 28.1%,
 Cebuano 13.1%,
 Ilocano 9%,
 Bisaya/Binisaya 7.6%,
 Hiligaynon Ilonggo 7.5%,
 Bikol 6%,
 Waray 3.4%,
 other 25.3% (200 0 census)
Languages: Filipino (official;
based on Tagalog) and
English (official); eight major
dialects - Tagalog, Cebuano,
Ilocano, Hiligaynon or
Ilonggo, Bicol, Waray,
Pampango, and Pangasinan

 Religions: Catholic 82.9%
 (Roman Catholic 80.9%
 Aglipayan 2%),
 Muslim 5%,
 Evangelical 2.8%,
 Iglesia ni Kristo 2.3%,
 other Christian 4.5%,
 other 1.8%,
 unspecified 0.6%,
 none 0.1% (2000 census)

Southeastern Asia, along the northern coast of the
island of Borneo, bordering the South China Sea and
Malaysia
Population:
429,646 (July 2015 est.
Land Area:
5,265sq km

Climate :Tropical;
hot, humid, rainy
Land Use
b) b) arable land 0.8%;
permanent pasture 0.6%
a) c) forest: 71.8%
b) d) other: 25.7% (2011 est.)

 Ethnic groups: Malay 65.7%, Chinese 10.3%, other indigenous 3.4%,
other 20.6% (2011 est.)
Languages: Malay (official), English, Chinese
dialects

Muslim (official) 78.8%,
 Christian 8.7%,
Buddhist 7.8%, o
ther (includes indigenous beliefs)
4.7% (2011 est.)

 rice, vegetables, fruits; chickens,
water buffalo, cattle, goats, eggs
petroleum refining, liquefied natural gas,
construction, agriculture, transportation

Indonesia. (2015, May 12). Encyclopedia Britannica,
Retrieved from: http://www.britannica.com/place/Indonesia#toc2283
Indonesia. Encyclopedia of the Nations,
Retrieved from: http://www.nationsencyclopedia.com/Asia-and-
Oceania/Indonesia.html
Indonesia. (1997) The World Book Encyclopedia, Vol. 10, pgs. 226-237. USA: World
Book Inc.
Religion in Indonesia. (2008, December 13). New World Encyclopedia,
Retrieved from:
http://newworldencyclopedia.org/p/index.php?title=Religion_in_Indonesia&oldid
=878306

 Mark Mcginley, September 18th, 2011 http://www.eoearth.org/view/article/152952/
 Fatland,K. (August 2, 2013) Malaysia’s three main religions
Retrived from: http://www.expatgomalaysia.com/2013/08/02/malaysias-three-main-religion
Shimonski, J. (2009) the geography and history of malaysia Retrived from:
http://www.malaysiaflora.com/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=4:the-
geography-and-brief-history-of-malaysia&catid=8&Itemid=104
 http://www.britannica.com/place/Kuala-Lumpur
 Gale, T. (2007) Malaysia
Retrived from: http://www.encyclopedia.com/topic/Malaysia.aspx

References:
Workman, D. (2015). Singapore’s Top 10 Exports, Retrieved from:
http://www.worldstopexports.com/singapores-top-exports/2592.
Rogger, B. (2011). Singapore, Retrieved from:
http://www.everyculture.com/Sa-Th/Singapore.html.
Singapore. (2011). New World Encyclopedia, Retrieved from:
http://www.factmonster.com/country/singapore.html.
Kennard, A. (2014). Singapore, Retrieved from:
http://www.britannica.com/place/Singapore#toc52614.
Mainland and Maritime ( December 15, 2010)
http://mainlandandmaritime.blogspot.com/

Australia and New Zealand Banking Group Limited (ANZ) 2013. Retrieved on January
8, 2016, from http://www.anzbusiness.com/content/anz-
insights/thailand.html#.VpB3gVXQGkN
National Geographic Atlas of the World, Eight Edition. Retrived on January 8, 2016,
from http://travel.nationalgeographic.com/travel/countries/thailand-facts/
Backler A., Lazarus S., World Geograph

Geography and religion revised

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Geography and religion revised