All forms of Buddhism celebrate various events in the life of the Buddha Gautama, including his birth, enlightenment, and passage into nirvana. In some countries, where the older and more conservative Theravada tradition predominates, the three events are observed on the same day, which is called Wesak. In regions adhering to the other major form of Buddhism, the Mahayana tradition, the festivals are held on different days and incorporate a variety of rituals and practices. The birth of the Buddha is celebrated in April or May, depending upon the lunar date, in these countries. In Japan, which does not use a lunar calendar, the Buddha’s birth is celebrated on April 8. The celebration there has merged with a native Shintō ceremony into the flower festival known as Hanamatsuri.
Buddhism Report Grade 11
Content
Buddhism Definition and History
Buddhism Types and Subdivision
Life of Buddha
The Sutras
Non-cannonical/Noncannonical Buddhist Texts
The Tripitaka (Pali Canon)
Beliefs and Doctrines
Law of Dependent Origination
Pratityasamutpada
Impermanence of Things
Four Noble Truths
Eight Fold Path
Worship and Observances
Women in Buddhism
Mahayana Buddhism
Paramitas
Six Paramitas
This is a presentation/report I made for my Philosophy of Man subject. credits to this website : http://www.faithology.com/confucianism/overview for the content and wikipedia for confucius' photo.
All forms of Buddhism celebrate various events in the life of the Buddha Gautama, including his birth, enlightenment, and passage into nirvana. In some countries, where the older and more conservative Theravada tradition predominates, the three events are observed on the same day, which is called Wesak. In regions adhering to the other major form of Buddhism, the Mahayana tradition, the festivals are held on different days and incorporate a variety of rituals and practices. The birth of the Buddha is celebrated in April or May, depending upon the lunar date, in these countries. In Japan, which does not use a lunar calendar, the Buddha’s birth is celebrated on April 8. The celebration there has merged with a native Shintō ceremony into the flower festival known as Hanamatsuri.
Buddhism Report Grade 11
Content
Buddhism Definition and History
Buddhism Types and Subdivision
Life of Buddha
The Sutras
Non-cannonical/Noncannonical Buddhist Texts
The Tripitaka (Pali Canon)
Beliefs and Doctrines
Law of Dependent Origination
Pratityasamutpada
Impermanence of Things
Four Noble Truths
Eight Fold Path
Worship and Observances
Women in Buddhism
Mahayana Buddhism
Paramitas
Six Paramitas
This is a presentation/report I made for my Philosophy of Man subject. credits to this website : http://www.faithology.com/confucianism/overview for the content and wikipedia for confucius' photo.
BuddhismWhat is BuddhismBuddhism is the religion of o.docxAASTHA76
Buddhism
What is Buddhism?
Buddhism is the religion of over 520 million people, primarily concentrated in East and Southeast Asia.
The religion began in the fifth century BCE in India and Nepal, growing out of the teachings of Gautama Buddha.
Buddhism does not center on a supreme deity. Many of its varieties do not imagine anything supernatural at all.
Is Buddhism a “religion”?
“Everything that arises also passes away, so strive for what has not arisen.”
At the heart of Buddhism are three “jewels”:
1. The Buddha
2. The Dharma (teachings)
3. the Sangha (community)
The First Gem: The Buddha
Around 500 BCE, a loosely defined kind of ascetic spirituality was flourishing in northern India.
Landowning castes – Brahmins and Kshatriyas
Ascetics (Sramana) rejected Brahmin practices of wealth accumulation and animal sacrifice.
The birth of Shakyamuni
Shakyamuni / Siddhartha was born between 488 and 624 BCE – the traditions differ.
Tradition says that his enlightenment was nearly perfected across hundreds of previous lives. In our world, he was born to a ruling family in southern Nepal.
His birth is accompanied by signs and omens. It takes place in a park – he is immaculately conceived.
The Four Sights
Siddhartha sees:
1. A sick man
2. A suffering old man
3. A dead man
…
…
4. An ascetic who is serene and detached from the world.
Siddhartha admires this man and gives away his princely possessions. He travels and masters yoga.
Siddhartha embarks on a path of extreme asceticism, starving and thirsty.
This does not give him the enlightenment he seeks.
Disillusioned with asceticism, Siddhartha moves to Bodh Gaya and re-enters the comforts of the world.
He begins to comfortably meditate under a large fig tree.
Just before dusk, Siddhartha resists the assaults of greed, boredom, and desire, and then fear and anger.
He meditates to move deeper into consciousness, rather than unconsciousness.
Enlightenment
Just before dawn, Siddartha achieves enlightenment.
“I had direct knowledge. Birth is exhausted, the Holy Life has been lived, what was to be done is done, there is no more of this to come.”
He has achieved nirvana. Nirvana means
Being beyond desires
Feeling transcendent happiness
He sets out to spread his message across India.
The wheel of Dharma turns again
He explains his doctrine to his former companions.
This explanation is called the first discourse or sutra, called “Instruction on the Middle Path”.
Buddha explains that enlightenment only came when he
1. renounced the luxury of his princely origins
2. renounced the extreme asceticism of his early spiritual seeking.
Progress only comes through moderation, the “Middle Path”.
Parinirvana
After 45 years of preaching, Buddha falls ill after eating a bad meal his host had served him.
As he weakens, he instructs his disciples not to follow a human successor, but only the dharma.
He reaches parinirvana – the final end of the cycle of deat ...
Chapter 5 BUDDHISMChapter Overview Buddhism was born in th.docxchristinemaritza
Chapter 5 BUDDHISM
Chapter Overview
Buddhism was born in the fifth-century BCE in the foothills of the Himalayas. It spread from India throughout Asia, developing a variety of schools and different practices. It has more recently become popular in the West.
The goals of the chapter are:
1. To sketch a biography of Siddhartha, founder of Buddhism
2. To lay out the foundational tenets of Dharma, especially the Four Noble Truths, and the Eightfold Path
3. To illustrate key philosophical concepts such as karma, reincarnation, and nirvana
4. To illustrate lay and monastic practices within Buddhism
5. To explain distinctions between important expressions of Buddhism namely, Theravada and Mahayana, with examples of significant schools within Mahayana
Students should find the chapter section on the life of the Buddha lively and engaging. It is helpful to remind them that “the Buddha” (“one who has awakened” or “enlightened”) is a religious title and not a proper name. (The “u” in Buddha is pronounced like the “oo” in “good,” not like the “oo” in “food.”)
Given its origins in India and subsequent spread throughout Asia, Buddhism presents a challenge with respect to vocabulary from different Asian languages. Both Pali and Sanskrit were used in Indian Buddhism.
The life and legend of the Buddha
Scholarly debate continues about the exact dates of the Buddha’s life; he most likely lived for about eighty years during the fifth century BCE. Historically, verifiable details of his life are sparse; more important for understandings of Buddhism are the many ways followers have recalled his life in various sacred biographies. These sacred biographies describe the life of child named Siddhartha, born to Maya and Shuddhodana, who was a chief of the Shakya clan in northern India in the foothills along the Himalayas. Maya dreamed that a white elephant entered her womb. At the time of Siddhartha’s birth, priests foretold that this child would become either a great king or a person who would renounce earthly life in order to share his enlightenment with the rest of the world.
The sacred biographies of the Buddha provide a useful basis for comparison with other sacred biographies, such as the biblical accounts of the lives of Moses and Jesus. It is also useful to remind students that Buddhism develops within the context of Hinduism, building upon and challenging some of its ideas.
Siddhartha’s father, who was the equivalent of a king or a feudal lord, tried his best to protect his son from the troubles of the world and to make a good life for him in their palace. All of this was to encourage his son to aspire to kingship. Stories tell of Siddhartha’s life of leisure in a palace with female musicians and a harem of dancers. He married and had a son. But Siddhartha was curious about the outside world, and he left his home to take a chariot ride. The gods arranged for Siddhartha to witness the Four Sights: a bent aged man, a sick person, a corpse, and f ...
A webinar on 'Indian school of philosophy' organised by Department of Education,
Manonmaniam Sundaranar University,
Tirunelveli.
Invited Resource Person
A.Veliappan, Ph.D
Faculty, Department of Education
M.S.University, Tirunelveli, TN-627 012
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The people of Punjab felt alienated from main stream due to denial of their just demands during a long democratic struggle since independence. As it happen all over the word, it led to militant struggle with great loss of lives of military, police and civilian personnel. Killing of Indira Gandhi and massacre of innocent Sikhs in Delhi and other India cities was also associated with this movement.
Embracing GenAI - A Strategic ImperativePeter Windle
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This Gasta posits a strategic approach to integrating AI into HEIs to prepare staff, students and the curriculum for an evolving world and workplace. We will highlight the advantages of working with these technologies beyond the realm of teaching, learning and assessment by considering prompt engineering skills, industry impact, curriculum changes, and the need for staff upskilling. In contrast, not engaging strategically with Generative AI poses risks, including falling behind peers, missed opportunities and failing to ensure our graduates remain employable. The rapid evolution of AI technologies necessitates a proactive and strategic approach if we are to remain relevant.
Read| The latest issue of The Challenger is here! We are thrilled to announce that our school paper has qualified for the NATIONAL SCHOOLS PRESS CONFERENCE (NSPC) 2024. Thank you for your unwavering support and trust. Dive into the stories that made us stand out!
Acetabularia Information For Class 9 .docxvaibhavrinwa19
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Francesca Gottschalk - How can education support child empowerment.pptxEduSkills OECD
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The Roman Empire, a vast and enduring power, stands as one of history's most remarkable civilizations, leaving an indelible imprint on the world. It emerged from the Roman Republic, transitioning into an imperial powerhouse under the leadership of Augustus Caesar in 27 BCE. This transformation marked the beginning of an era defined by unprecedented territorial expansion, architectural marvels, and profound cultural influence.
The empire's roots lie in the city of Rome, founded, according to legend, by Romulus in 753 BCE. Over centuries, Rome evolved from a small settlement to a formidable republic, characterized by a complex political system with elected officials and checks on power. However, internal strife, class conflicts, and military ambitions paved the way for the end of the Republic. Julius Caesar’s dictatorship and subsequent assassination in 44 BCE created a power vacuum, leading to a civil war. Octavian, later Augustus, emerged victorious, heralding the Roman Empire’s birth.
Under Augustus, the empire experienced the Pax Romana, a 200-year period of relative peace and stability. Augustus reformed the military, established efficient administrative systems, and initiated grand construction projects. The empire's borders expanded, encompassing territories from Britain to Egypt and from Spain to the Euphrates. Roman legions, renowned for their discipline and engineering prowess, secured and maintained these vast territories, building roads, fortifications, and cities that facilitated control and integration.
The Roman Empire’s society was hierarchical, with a rigid class system. At the top were the patricians, wealthy elites who held significant political power. Below them were the plebeians, free citizens with limited political influence, and the vast numbers of slaves who formed the backbone of the economy. The family unit was central, governed by the paterfamilias, the male head who held absolute authority.
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Instructions for Submissions thorugh G- Classroom.pptxJheel Barad
This presentation provides a briefing on how to upload submissions and documents in Google Classroom. It was prepared as part of an orientation for new Sainik School in-service teacher trainees. As a training officer, my goal is to ensure that you are comfortable and proficient with this essential tool for managing assignments and fostering student engagement.
2. What is Mahayana Buddhism?
Mahayana Buddhism
has diverged into
numerous schools with
each developing its
own canon and rituals
since its founding more
than two thousand
years ago Mahayana Buddhism also known
as the “Great Vehicle”
3. The Mahasamghika (“of the Great Sangha”),
one of the early Buddhist schools, may have
been the source for the initial growth of
Mahayana Buddhism, especially during the
“Second Buddhist Council” that occured a
hundred years after Buddha’s parinirvana.
4. The Mahasamghika (“of Mahayana Buddhists
believed that Siddhartha secretly taught key
priciples to chosen people to his most
dedicated diciples of, or to the most faithful
who could copletely interpret these teachings
in time (Hopfe 1983; losch 2001).
Mahayana buddhists forwarded the
concept that Siddhartha Gautama was
actually a benevolent celestial being, not
just a mere human being
5. Mahayana Buddhists advanced the radical
idea that Siddhartha Gautama was not the
only Buddha.
6. The canon of Mahayana Buddhism consists of
Tripitaka namely;
8. Mahayana Buddhism adapted the Sanskrit usage
rather than Pali form of common terms strictly used
in Theravada Buddhism.
One of the most popular and prominent Mahayana
Buddhist texts (or Sutra) is the Lotus Sutra, or the
Saddharmapundarika-sutra that literally means
“correct dharma white lotus sutra” or Sutra of the
Lotud of the Wonderful Law” in Sanskrit.
9. Sutra- pertains to one of the
discourses of the historical
buddha that comprise the basic
text of buddhist sacred writing.
12. The nature of the three bodies of
Buddha:
The concept of trikaya (“three bodies”) pertains to tha teaching of Mahayana Buddhism about the nature of the
Buddha and reality.
Dharmakaya
Sambhogakaya
Nirmanakaya
13. The body Nature or Aspect of
“Buddha-hood”
Manifestation
Dharmakaya Body of absolute
truth; absolute nature
of all beings
Buddha is
transcendent
Sambhogakaya Body that
experiences bliss of
enlightenment
Buddha’s body of
bliss, or enjoyment
body
Nirmanakaya Body that manifest
the world;
embodiment of
dharmakaya in human
form
Buddha’s earthly
body, just like any
other human being’s
body
14. Dharmakaya is identical with perfect enlightenment that is
absolute and beyond existence or non-existence.
Sambhogakaya is already enlightened but remains
distinctive
Nirmanakayais the physical body that undergoes
birth, inhabits the world, and dies in the end.
15. Bodhisattvas
One distinct feature of Mahayana Buddhism concerns its
teaching about an enlightened being or bodhisattva
(“enlightened existence”) which is the ultimate way for any
Buddhist to live in this word.
generated bodhicitta or the spontaneous desire to
achieve the state of being enlightened.
16. Avalokiteshvara
is the most revered and most popular Buddhist deity
among all bodhisattvas, being the personification of
perfect compassion, probably representing in
Buddhism the sun-god Vishnu of the older Hinduism
(Murphy 1949).
Maitreya(Buddha of the Future”) is the only
accepted bodhisattva in Theravada Buddhism, oriental
Mahayana Buddhism has other four principal
bodhisattvas, namely;
17. Manjushri is the embodiment of wisdom,
intelligence, and willpower.
Ksitigarbha is the one who helps and liberates
all sentient being residing in hell.
Samanthabhadra is the representation of
love, virtue, and diligence
18. Bhumi Description Paramita Nature
Pramudita-bhumi
(joyful land)
The bodhisattva starts
the journey joyful with
the inspiration of
enlightenment
Dana Paramita
(Generosity)
Perfection of giving or
generosity
Vimala-bhumi (Land of
Purity)
The bodhisattva is
purified of immoral
conduct and disposition
Sila Paramita (Discipline) Perfection of morality
Prabhakari-bhumi
(Luminous or Radiant
Land)
The bodhisattva is
purified of the “Three
Poisons”, namely, greed,
hate, and ignorance
Ksanti Paramita
(Patience)
Perfection of patience
for forbearance
Archismati-bhumi (The
Brilliant or Blazing
Land)
The bodhisattva burns
away all false conception
Virya Paramita
(Diligence)
Perfection of energy
Sudurjaya-bhumi (The
Land That is Difficult
to conquer)
The bodhisattva gors
deeper into
Dhyana Paramita
(Meditative
Concentration)
Perfection of meditation
19. Abhimukhi-bhumi (The Land
Looking Forward to Wisdom)
The bodhisattva sees that all
phenomena are without self-
essence and understands the
nature of dependent origination
Prajna Paramita (Wisdom)
Durangama-bhumi (The Far-
Reaching Land)
The bodhisattva acquires the
power of skilful means (upaya) to
help others realize enlightenment
Achala-bhumi (The Immovable
Land)
The bodhisattva can no longer be
disturbed because “Buddha-
hood” is within sight
Sadhumati-bhumi (The Land of
Good Thoughts)
The bodhisattva understands all
dharmas and is able to teach
others
Dharmamegha-bhumi (The
Land of Dharma Clouds)
The bodhisattva is confirmed of
the “Buddha-hoof” and enters
“Tushita Heaven” or the heaven
of contended gods
20. In buddhist temples, they pray and chant to
pay their respect to the Buddhas and
bodhisattvas, such as Avalokiteshvara,
Manjushri, and Amitabha. They also offer
vegetarian food and light incense to pay
homage to these important divine beings.
21. Subdivisions
The more philosophical side of Indian Mahayana
Buddhism was developed within the context of two
major schools, namely, the Madhyamika and the
Yogachara (Adams 1965)
Madhyamika (“Intermediate”) whose adherents stress
the transformation of human perception to handle
the truth of that which is ultimately real beyond
any duality.
22. Mahayana Buddhism consist of a variety of schools and
family of religions, including the Pure Land Sect, Intuitive
Sects, Rationalist Sect, Socio-political Sect, and Tibetan
Buddhism.
Yogachara (“Practice of Yoga” thinkers emphasize that the
truth a human being perceives does not exist.
23. The PureLandSect
Pure Land Buddhism began in India around
the second century B.C.E., spread to China
by the second century C.E., and reached
Japan around sixth century C.E
Pure Land of the West also known Sukhavati
Amitabha- the god who supervises over a
western paradise, is the focus of this sect.
24. In Japan, by simplifying sect practices, such
as those done by the monk Honen in the twelfth
century, this attracted many followers to the sect
Jodo Buddhism or Jodo-shu (“The Pure Land School”)
founded in 1175.
An offshot of Pure Land Buddhism is the Shin
Buddhism or Jodo Shin-shu (“True Pure Land School”)
founded by another Japanese monk Shinran during the
thirteenth century.
25. The establishment of intuitive sect of Buddhism can be traced
around sixth century C.E to the work of an Indian monk named
Bodhidharma whose life stories are shrouded with mysteries and
numerous legends (Murphy 1949). This concept entered China from
India, and then carried onward to Korea and Japan. In China, it
came to be known as Ch’an. Ch’an Buddhism has close affinity
with Taoist philosophy because both are kinds of mysticism (Jurji
1946). In Japan, it reached its peak with the development of Zen
which is a blend of Indian Mahayana Buddhism and Taoism. The
followers of this school are called meditative Buddhist.
The Intuitive Sects
26. The word “meditation” in India is dhyana, ch’an in China, and zen
in Japan.
The Rationalist Sect
A rationalist Buddhist school of thought called T’ien-t’ai emerged
around the sixth century C.E. with its name originating from a mountain in
south eastern China where its founder Chih-I or Zhiyi lived.
Chih-I – emphasized that acts of studying and contemplation were both vital for
spiritual enlightenment.
27. A Japanese Buddhist monk by the name of Nichiren
Daishonin who lived during the thirteenth century during the
Kamakura period began to teach that the path towards attaining
enlightenment rested solely on the devotion to the Lotus Sutra.
Nichiren (“sun lotus”)- Buddhism, which is purely a Japanese
phenomenon, perceives itself as the rightful version of
Buddhism.
-taught that he alone understood Buddhist truths.
-is an example of a religious group that came to have an effect in
the socio-political dimension of Japan (Hopfe 1983).
The Socio-political Sect
28. Present-day schools of Nichiren Buddhism include Soka Gakkai,
Nichiren Shoshu, and Nichiren Shu.
TIBETAN BUDDHISM
Buddhism was officially introduced into Tibet around the
seventh century C.E. during the reign of Songtsan Gampo,
considered the founder of the Tibetan Empire.
Bon- Tibetan Buddhism borrowed tantric and shamanic
attributes, as well as elements from Tibet’s native religion called
Bon.
29. - A pre-Buddhistic religion, was a kind of shamanism where
spirits and deities were revered (Parrinder 1971).
The four major schools of Tibetan Buddhism include:
nyingma kagyu sakya gelug
30. Tibetan Buddhism has its own set of clergy;
Lamas – they are commonly senior members of the monastic community.
- the term lama means “the superior”
The Dalai Lama – is the most prominent face of Tibetan Bugddhism who
has been living in exile in India since he fled Chinese occupation of Tibet
in 1959.
- the term dalai means “ocean” in Mongol referring to the
vastness and depth of the person.
- the current and fourteenth Dalai Lama is Tenzin Gyatso who
is the leader of the Gelug school of Tibetan Buddhism and is believed to
be a reincarnation of Avalokisteshvara.
31. SELECTED ISSUES
Tzu Chi Foundation
the Tzu Chi Foundation (“Compassionate Relief”) was established
by a buddhist nun Cheng Yen in 1966 in Taiwan.
- It was a charity organization anchored on the teachings of the Buddha.
Tzu Chi Foundation that principally advoctes the four endeavours of: