Magnetic susceptibility vs temperature of Dia, para, ferro, ferri and anti-ferromagnetic material
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This document discusses the magnetic susceptibility of different types of magnetic materials and how it varies with temperature. It explains that paramagnetic, ferromagnetic, antiferromagnetic, and ferrimagnetic materials all have a positive magnetic susceptibility, but the magnitude depends on the ordering of spins and temperature. Below a critical temperature, the spins in paramagnetic materials become ordered and the susceptibility deviates from Curie law behavior. Transition metals have higher critical temperatures than paramagnetic salts due to stronger bonding between metal atoms.
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Type I superconductors strictly follow the Meissner effect and exhibit perfect diamagnetism below a critical field, above which superconductivity is lost abruptly. Type II superconductors do not follow the Meissner effect strictly and have higher critical fields, existing in a mixed state between lower and upper critical fields where magnetic flux partially penetrates. The document provides examples of the magnetic behavior of type I and type II superconductors.
Solid State Physics
This document discusses the magnetic properties of materials. It begins by explaining that magnetism in solids originates from the orbital and spin motions of electrons and spins of nuclei. It then defines key terms like magnetization, magnetic moment, magnetic susceptibility, permeability, and Curie temperature. The document classifies magnetic materials into five types - diamagnetism, paramagnetism, ferromagnetism, antiferromagnetism, and ferrimagnetism - and provides examples of each. It concludes by explaining Langevin's classical theory of diamagnetism using an electron orbit model.
Magnetic materials
This document discusses magnetic materials and their properties. It begins by explaining the origins of magnetism from electron orbits and spins. It then classifies magnetic materials as diamagnetic, paramagnetic, ferromagnetic, antiferromagnetic, ferrimagnetic, and discusses their characteristics. The document also covers Weiss molecular field theory of ferromagnetism, hysteresis curves, hard and soft magnetic materials, ferrites and their applications. Finally, it discusses superconductivity including the BCS theory and applications of superconductors such as SQUIDs.
Magnetic properties and Superconductivity
Magnetic properties and superconductivity, meissner effect, superconductors, bcs theory, applications of superconductors, cooper pair, magnetic materials, hystersis, high temperature suerconductors, Types of suerconductors, high temperature superconductors, magnetism,right hand rule
Introduction about magnetic material and its properties
This document discusses different types of magnetic materials and their properties. It describes paramagnetic materials as those that are weakly attracted to magnets and align in an applied magnetic field. Diamagnetic materials are repelled by magnets and align opposite to an applied field. Ferromagnetic materials are strongly attracted to magnets and can be magnetized. They retain magnetization after being placed in a field. Ferrimagnetic materials also retain magnetization like ferromagnets but have antiparallel dipoles of unequal magnitude. Antiferromagnetic materials have antiparallel alignment below a critical temperature.
Transition metal
3d, 4d 5d & 6d series, Metallic Character, Melting & Boiling Point, lanthenide contraction, ionization energy, magnetic property, colour
Physics
Application of Magnetic Materiel.
Md Nafiz Hossain
Department of Civil Engineering
Daffodil International University
Contract No : +8801724622582
Properties of Magnetism
This document discusses various magnetic properties including magnetization, magnetic induction, magnetic field intensity, magnetic susceptibility, magnetic permeability, diamagnetism, paramagnetism, ferromagnetism, and superparamagnetism. It defines each property and provides examples. Diamagnetic materials are repelled by magnetic fields while paramagnetic and ferromagnetic materials are attracted. Ferromagnetic materials retain magnetization in the absence of an external field. Superparamagnetism occurs in nanoscale ferromagnetic particles that behave like paramagnets. Applications include MRI, cell separation, drug delivery, and sensors.
Properties of Magnetism
This document discusses various magnetic properties including magnetization, magnetic induction, magnetic field intensity, magnetic susceptibility, magnetic permeability, diamagnetism, paramagnetism, ferromagnetism, and superparamagnetism. Magnetization is defined as the magnetic dipole moment induced per unit volume. Magnetic induction is the process by which a substance becomes magnetized by an external magnetic field. Magnetic field intensity characterizes the external magnetic field excluding the material's internal field. Magnetic susceptibility is the ratio of magnetization to magnetic field intensity. Magnetic permeability is the ratio of magnetic induction to magnetic field intensity. Diamagnetism occurs in materials with paired electrons that produce an induced magnetic moment opposite to an external field. Paramagnet
Similar to Magnetic susceptibility vs temperature of Dia, para, ferro, ferri and anti-ferromagnetic material (20)
MH loop of Para, ferro, ferri and anti-ferromagnetic material ,
MH loop of Para, ferro, ferri and anti-ferromagnetic material ,
Magnetocaloric and magnetovolume e ffects in Fe-based alloys
Magnetocaloric and magnetovolume e ffects in Fe-based alloys
Classification of magnetic materials on the basis of magnetic moment
Classification of magnetic materials on the basis of magnetic moment
Contrast between Diamagnetic, Paramagnetic and Ferromagnetic Materials
Contrast between Diamagnetic, Paramagnetic and Ferromagnetic Materials
FERROMAGNETIC AND ANTIFERROMAGNETIC MATERIALS.pptx
FERROMAGNETIC AND ANTIFERROMAGNETIC MATERIALS.pptx
Introduction about magnetic material and its properties
Introduction about magnetic material and its properties
More from MehakTariq5
Mri
This document provides an overview of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). It explains that MRI uses powerful magnets to produce detailed 3D anatomical images without radiation by detecting the energy released as protons in the body realign with the magnetic field. The document discusses the history of MRI's development, how MRI works, examples of its use in examining various parts of the human body like the brain and soft tissues, and some risks like exposure to strong magnetic fields.
Medical imaging use radiation
Nuclear physics course instructor Dr. Waseem Ahmad presented on the medical use of radiation for imaging. There are several techniques that produce diagnostic images, including using an external source of radiation placed in front of the patient, like x-rays, or an internal radioactive source injected into the patient. Computed tomography (CT) uses a combination of x-rays and a computer to create detailed cross-sectional images of the inside of the body, showing more detail than regular x-rays. CT scans are commonly used to detect abnormalities in the brain, body, and organs.
Laser
Retinal detachment occurs when the retina pulls away from the back of the eye. Symptoms may include new floaters or a curtain in the field of vision. Treatment depends on the severity but may involve laser surgery, freezing, or surgery to reattach the retina. Regular eye exams can help detect retinal detachment early before vision is affected.
Coulomb barrier
The document discusses the Coulomb barrier, which is the barrier between two atomic nuclei due to coulomb repulsion that must be overcome for nuclear fusion to occur. The Coulomb barrier is given by the Coulomb potential, which depends on the atomic numbers and effective radii of the two nuclei. While it takes relatively little energy to simply collide two accelerated light nuclei, in practice most particles would be elastically scattered. Therefore, to achieve fusion, a confined mixture of nuclei must be heated to a temperature that supplies enough thermal energy to overcome the Coulomb barrier, accounting for quantum tunneling and a distribution of nuclear energies.
Stellar fusion
This presentation discusses stellar fusion, the process by which stars generate energy. It notes that stars are hot balls of hydrogen gas, with temperatures and densities in their cores allowing nuclear fusion reactions. These reactions fuse lighter elements like hydrogen into heavier elements like helium, releasing energy in the process. Two key fusion processes discussed are the proton-proton chain and the carbon-nitrogen-oxygen cycle, which were analyzed in 1938 as the sources of energy in stars. The presentation provides equations to illustrate how these reactions work and the large amounts of energy released.
Stellar fusion
stellar fusion:A star is a hot ball of mostly hydrogen gas; the Sun is an example of a typical, ordinary star.
In the core of the star, the temperature and densities are high enough to sustain nuclear fusion reactions, and the energy produced by these reactions works its way to the surface and radiates into space as heat and light.
The process of building up heavier elements from lighter ones by nuclear reactions, is called stellar evolution.The stars' fuel for energy generation is the stuff they are made of -- hydrogen, helium, carbon, etc. -- which they burn by converting these elements into heavier elements.
"Burning" in this context does not refer to the kind of burning we are familiar with, such as the burning of wood or coal, which is chemical burning.
It refers to nuclear burning, in which the nuclei of atoms fuse into nuclei of heavier atoms.
When stars start their lives, they consist mostly of hydrogen, some helium, and small amounts of heavier elements, such as carbon, nitrogen, and oxygen.
In 1938, Hans Albrecht and Weizsacker analyzed two process in stars, p-p chain and CNO cycle and believed to be the source of energy in Stars. They showed the possibility to converting hydrogen into helium through nuclear reaction. These reactions take place at high temperature and high densities.
The energy of sun comes from nuclear fusion reaction. P-P cycle is dominant.
This starts with fusion of hydrogen nuclei, to produce deuterium :
The deuterium then fuses with more hydrogen to produce 3He via electromagnetic interaction :
And finally, two 3He nuclei fuse to form 4He via the nuclear strong interaction:
A very large amount of energy is released in this reaction
because 4He Doubly magic nucleus and so is very tightly bound.
Combing these equations we have ,
Because the temperature of the Sun is 107K, matter in this state
is referred to as a plasma.
The positrons produced above will annihilate with electrons in
the plasma to release a further 1.02 MeV and so the total energy
released is 26.72 Mev.
Another interesting cycle is the carbon, or CNO chain.
The CNO cycle (for carbon–nitrogen–oxygen) is one of the two known sets of fusion reactions by which stars convert hydrogen to helium hydrogen, using carbon, nitrogen, and oxygen , the other being the proton–proton chain reaction (pp-chain reaction).
Fusion processes continue to produce heavier elements until the core of the stellar object is composed mainly of nuclei with A 56, i.e.( the peak of the
binding energy per nucleon curve).
Heavier nuclei are produced in supernova explosions, but this is properly the subject of astrophysics and
we will not pursue it further.
Photo electric effect
This document summarizes the photoelectric effect. It begins by discussing Hertz's observation that sparks occurred more readily when ultraviolet light was directed onto a light ball. Einstein later proposed that light is made up of discrete packets of energy called photons. The energy of a photon is given by E=hν, where h is Planck's constant and ν is the photon's frequency. When photons of sufficiently high frequency strike a metal surface, they can eject electrons from the metal in what is called the photoelectric effect. The document describes the experimental setup used to study the effect and provides the mathematical description relating the maximum kinetic energy of ejected electrons to the photon frequency and the metal's work function.
Crystal defects
The document presents information on crystal defects, specifically line defects. It discusses two types of line defects: edge defects and screw defects. Edge defects occur when an extra half-plane of atoms is introduced into the crystal structure. Screw defects occur when the planes of atoms trace a helical path around the dislocation line. The document was presented by Mehak Tariq, a student at Ghazi University DG Khan, as part of a class project on crystal defects.
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在线办理(salfor毕业证书)索尔福德大学毕业证毕业完成信一模一样
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本公司拥有海外各大学样板无数，能完美还原。
1:1完美还原海外各大学毕业材料上的工艺：水印，阴影底纹，钢印LOGO烫金烫银，LOGO烫金烫银复合重叠。文字图案浮雕、激光镭射、紫外荧光、温感、复印防伪等防伪工艺。材料咨询办理、认证咨询办理请加学历顾问Q/微741003700
【主营项目】
一.毕业证【q微741003700】成绩单、使馆认证、教育部认证、雅思托福成绩单、学生卡等！
二.真实使馆公证(即留学回国人员证明,不成功不收费)
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◇在校期间，因各种原因未能顺利毕业……拿不到官方毕业证【q/微741003700】
◇面对父母的压力，希望尽快拿到；
◇不清楚认证流程以及材料该如何准备；
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◇回国马上就要找工作，办给用人单位看；
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◇申请留学生创业基金
留信网认证的作用:
1:该专业认证可证明留学生真实身份
2:同时对留学生所学专业登记给予评定
3:国家专业人才认证中心颁发入库证书
4:这个认证书并且可以归档倒地方
5:凡事获得留信网入网的信息将会逐步更新到个人身份内，将在公安局网内查询个人身份证信息后，同步读取人才网入库信息
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8:在国家人才网主办的国家网络招聘大会中纳入资料，供国家高端企业选择人才
Anti-Universe And Emergent Gravity and the Dark Universe
Recent theoretical progress indicates that spacetime and gravity emerge together from the entanglement structure of an underlying microscopic theory. These ideas are best understood in Anti-de Sitter space, where they rely on the area law for entanglement entropy. The extension to de Sitter space requires taking into account the entropy and temperature associated with the cosmological horizon. Using insights from string theory, black hole physics and quantum information theory we argue that the positive dark energy leads to a thermal volume law contribution to the entropy that overtakes the area law precisely at the cosmological horizon. Due to the competition between area and volume law entanglement the microscopic de Sitter states do not thermalise at sub-Hubble scales: they exhibit memory effects in the form of an entropy displacement caused by matter. The emergent laws of gravity contain an additional ‘dark’ gravitational force describing the ‘elastic’ response due to the entropy displacement. We derive an estimate of the strength of this extra force in terms of the baryonic mass, Newton’s constant and the Hubble acceleration scale a0 = cH0, and provide evidence for the fact that this additional ‘dark gravity force’ explains the observed phenomena in galaxies and clusters currently attributed to dark matter.
HUMAN EYE By-R.M Class 10 phy best digital notes.pdf
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CLASS 12th CHEMISTRY SOLID STATE ppt (Animated)
Description:
Dive into the fascinating realm of solid-state physics with our meticulously crafted online PowerPoint presentation. This immersive educational resource offers a comprehensive exploration of the fundamental concepts, theories, and applications within the realm of solid-state physics.
From crystalline structures to semiconductor devices, this presentation delves into the intricate principles governing the behavior of solids, providing clear explanations and illustrative examples to enhance understanding. Whether you're a student delving into the subject for the first time or a seasoned researcher seeking to deepen your knowledge, our presentation offers valuable insights and in-depth analyses to cater to various levels of expertise.
Key topics covered include:
Crystal Structures: Unravel the mysteries of crystalline arrangements and their significance in determining material properties.
Band Theory: Explore the electronic band structure of solids and understand how it influences their conductive properties.
Semiconductor Physics: Delve into the behavior of semiconductors, including doping, carrier transport, and device applications.
Magnetic Properties: Investigate the magnetic behavior of solids, including ferromagnetism, antiferromagnetism, and ferrimagnetism.
Optical Properties: Examine the interaction of light with solids, including absorption, reflection, and transmission phenomena.
With visually engaging slides, informative content, and interactive elements, our online PowerPoint presentation serves as a valuable resource for students, educators, and enthusiasts alike, facilitating a deeper understanding of the captivating world of solid-state physics. Explore the intricacies of solid-state materials and unlock the secrets behind their remarkable properties with our comprehensive presentation.
Immersive Learning That Works: Research Grounding and Paths Forward
We will metaverse into the essence of immersive learning, into its three dimensions and conceptual models. This approach encompasses elements from teaching methodologies to social involvement, through organizational concerns and technologies. Challenging the perception of learning as knowledge transfer, we introduce a 'Uses, Practices & Strategies' model operationalized by the 'Immersive Learning Brain' and ‘Immersion Cube’ frameworks. This approach offers a comprehensive guide through the intricacies of immersive educational experiences and spotlighting research frontiers, along the immersion dimensions of system, narrative, and agency. Our discourse extends to stakeholders beyond the academic sphere, addressing the interests of technologists, instructional designers, and policymakers. We span various contexts, from formal education to organizational transformation to the new horizon of an AI-pervasive society. This keynote aims to unite the iLRN community in a collaborative journey towards a future where immersive learning research and practice coalesce, paving the way for innovative educational research and practice landscapes.
Methods of grain storage Structures in India.pdf
•Post-harvestlossesaccountforabout10%oftotalfoodgrainsduetounscientificstorage,insects,rodents,micro-organismsetc.,
•Totalfoodgrainproductioninindiais311milliontonnesandstorageis145mt.InIndia,annualstoragelosseshavebeenestimated14mtworthofRs.7,000croreinwhichinsectsaloneaccountfornearlyRs.1,300crores.
•InIndiaoutofthetotalproduction,about30%ismarketablesurplus
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Discovery of An Apparent Red, High-Velocity Type Ia Supernova at 𝐳 = 2.9 wi...
We present the JWST discovery of SN 2023adsy, a transient object located in a host galaxy JADES-GS
+
53.13485
−
27.82088
with a host spectroscopic redshift of
2.903
±
0.007
. The transient was identified in deep James Webb Space Telescope (JWST)/NIRCam imaging from the JWST Advanced Deep Extragalactic Survey (JADES) program. Photometric and spectroscopic followup with NIRCam and NIRSpec, respectively, confirm the redshift and yield UV-NIR light-curve, NIR color, and spectroscopic information all consistent with a Type Ia classification. Despite its classification as a likely SN Ia, SN 2023adsy is both fairly red (
�
(
�
−
�
)
∼
0.9
) despite a host galaxy with low-extinction and has a high Ca II velocity (
19
,
000
±
2
,
000
km/s) compared to the general population of SNe Ia. While these characteristics are consistent with some Ca-rich SNe Ia, particularly SN 2016hnk, SN 2023adsy is intrinsically brighter than the low-
�
Ca-rich population. Although such an object is too red for any low-
�
cosmological sample, we apply a fiducial standardization approach to SN 2023adsy and find that the SN 2023adsy luminosity distance measurement is in excellent agreement (
≲
1
�
) with
Λ
CDM. Therefore unlike low-
�
Ca-rich SNe Ia, SN 2023adsy is standardizable and gives no indication that SN Ia standardized luminosities change significantly with redshift. A larger sample of distant SNe Ia is required to determine if SN Ia population characteristics at high-
�
truly diverge from their low-
�
counterparts, and to confirm that standardized luminosities nevertheless remain constant with redshift.
Pests of Storage_Identification_Dr.UPR.pdf
InIndia-post-harvestlosses-unscientificstorage,insects,rodents,micro-organismsetc.,accountforabout10percentoftotalfoodgrains
Graininfestation
Directdamage
Indirectly
•theexuviae,skin,deadinsects
•theirexcretawhichmakefoodunfitforhumanconsumption
About600speciesofinsectshavebeenassociatedwithstoredgrainproducts
100speciesofinsectpestsofstoredproductscauseeconomiclosses
Alternate Wetting and Drying - Climate Smart Agriculture
Alternate Wetting and Drying - Climate Smart AgricultureInternational Food Policy Research Institute- South Asia Office
PPT on Alternate Wetting and Drying presented at the three-day 'Training and Validation Workshop on Modules of Climate Smart Agriculture (CSA) Technologies in South Asia' workshop on April 22, 2024. TOPIC OF DISCUSSION: CENTRIFUGATION SLIDESHARE.pptx
Centrifugation is a powerful technique used in laboratories to separate components of a heterogeneous mixture based on their density. This process utilizes centrifugal force to rapidly spin samples, causing denser particles to migrate outward more quickly than lighter ones. As a result, distinct layers form within the sample tube, allowing for easy isolation and purification of target substances.
快速办理(UAM毕业证书)马德里自治大学毕业证学位证一模一样
学校原件一模一样【微信：741003700 】《(UAM毕业证书)马德里自治大学毕业证学位证》【微信：741003700 】学位证，留信认证（真实可查，永久存档）原件一模一样纸张工艺/offer、雅思、外壳等材料/诚信可靠,可直接看成品样本，帮您解决无法毕业带来的各种难题！外壳，原版制作，诚信可靠，可直接看成品样本。行业标杆！精益求精，诚心合作，真诚制作！多年品质 ,按需精细制作，24小时接单,全套进口原装设备。十五年致力于帮助留学生解决难题，包您满意。
本公司拥有海外各大学样板无数，能完美还原。
1:1完美还原海外各大学毕业材料上的工艺：水印，阴影底纹，钢印LOGO烫金烫银，LOGO烫金烫银复合重叠。文字图案浮雕、激光镭射、紫外荧光、温感、复印防伪等防伪工艺。材料咨询办理、认证咨询办理请加学历顾问Q/微741003700
【主营项目】
一.毕业证【q微741003700】成绩单、使馆认证、教育部认证、雅思托福成绩单、学生卡等！
二.真实使馆公证(即留学回国人员证明,不成功不收费)
三.真实教育部学历学位认证（教育部存档！教育部留服网站永久可查）
四.办理各国各大学文凭(一对一专业服务,可全程监控跟踪进度)
如果您处于以下几种情况：
◇在校期间，因各种原因未能顺利毕业……拿不到官方毕业证【q/微741003700】
◇面对父母的压力，希望尽快拿到；
◇不清楚认证流程以及材料该如何准备；
◇回国时间很长，忘记办理；
◇回国马上就要找工作，办给用人单位看；
◇企事业单位必须要求办理的
◇需要报考公务员、购买免税车、落转户口
◇申请留学生创业基金
留信网认证的作用:
1:该专业认证可证明留学生真实身份
2:同时对留学生所学专业登记给予评定
3:国家专业人才认证中心颁发入库证书
4:这个认证书并且可以归档倒地方
5:凡事获得留信网入网的信息将会逐步更新到个人身份内，将在公安局网内查询个人身份证信息后，同步读取人才网入库信息
6:个人职称评审加20分
7:个人信誉贷款加10分
8:在国家人才网主办的国家网络招聘大会中纳入资料，供国家高端企业选择人才
Farming systems analysis: what have we learnt?.pptx
Presentation given at the official farewell of Prof Ken Gillet at Wageningen on 13 June 2024
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Discovery of An Apparent Red, High-Velocity Type Ia Supernova at 𝐳 = 2.9 wi...
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Farming systems analysis: what have we learnt?.pptx
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Magnetic susceptibility vs temperature of Dia, para, ferro, ferri and anti-ferromagnetic material
- 1. Assignment : Solid statePhysics Submittedto: Dr.Muhammad Kamran SubmittedBY: MehakTariq RollNo. PHY-M-18-17 GHAZIUNIVERSITY DERAGHAZIKHAN
- 2. 2-MagneticsusceptibilityvstemperatureofDia, para,ferro,ferriandanti-ferromagneticmaterial The magnetic susceptibility, χ, of a solid depends on the ordering of spins. Paramagnetic, ferromagnetic, antiferromagnetic, and ferrimagnetic solidsall have χ > 0, but the magnitudeof their susceptibilityvaries with the kind of ordering and with temperature. We will see these kinds of magnetic ordering primarily among the 3d and 4f elements and their alloysand compounds. Below a certain critical temperature, the spins of a
- 3. solid paramagnetic substances order the susceptibility deviates from simple curie-law behavior. Critical temperature varies depends upon the short-range exchange interaction. metals and alloys in 3D series tend to high critical temperature. Metal atoms are bounded strongly to each other. In between force attraction is strong. For example, Fe and Co have critical temperature called curie- temperature. Paramagnetic salts of transition metal ions typically have critical temperature below 1K, because magnetic ions are not directly bonded to each other. magnetic susceptibility x depends on ordering of spins. Para ferro, ferri and antiferromagnetic solids all have susceptibility greater than 0. But magnitude of their susceptibility varies with the kind of ordering and with temperature. Kinds of magnetics ordering Primarily among the 3D and up element. For example, Fe, Co, Ni all are ferromagnetic. Co and MnO are Antiferromagnets and Fe3O4 and CoFe2O4 are ferrimagnets. Diamagnetic compounds have a weak -ve susceptibility.