The document discusses different methods of magnetic levitation or maglev. It describes 4 main methods - diamagnetism, superconductors, rotational stabilization, and servomechanism. It provides examples of using each method to levitate small objects like graphite or large objects like maglev trains. The document also discusses the working of maglev trains in detail, covering electromagnetic suspension and electrodynamic suspension systems. It highlights the advantages of maglev trains like very high speeds and less maintenance compared to wheeled trains.

1. MAGNETIC LEVITATION
[MAGLEV]
BY
Sathish & sai charan

2. LEVITATION MEANS TO RISE
OR HOVER IN THE AIR
Levitation as shown in magic shows and
movies [not possible without tricks]
TRICKS AND ILLUSIONS USED SPECIAL EFFECTS USED

3. Magnetic levitation, maglev, or magnetic suspension is
a method by which an object is suspended with no
support other than magnetic fields. Magnetic pressure
is used to counteract the effects of the gravity

4. • A live frog levitated inside a
water bubble of 3 cm
diameter in a field of about
16 teslas at the HIGH FIELD
MAGNET LABORATORY, NETHERLANDS
METHODS FOR
MAGNETIC
LEVITATION
• METHOD#1
USING
DIAMAGNETISM
• Diamagnetic materials
repel magnetic fields
• This is because their
relative permeability is
less than one

5. .
• Repulsion is weak
so high magnetic
fields are required.
• Light pieces of
graphite ,bismuth
,water droplets can
be levitated over
strong permanent
magnets.
• METHOD#1
USING
DIAMAGNETISM
• LEVITATING A LIGHT PIECE OF
GRAPHITE

6. • A SUPERCONDUCTOR LEVITATING A
PERMANENT MAGNET
METHODS FOR MAGNETIC LEVITATION
METHOD #2
SUPER
CONDUCTORS
• Superconductors are
perfect diamagnets
(μr = 0).
• They completely
expel magnetic fields
due to meissner
effect repelling the
magnetic field.

7. • At temperature less
than the critical
temperature metals
like bismuth ,steel
show
superconducting
properties
• Critical temperature
are below 150K
MEISSNER EFFECT
METHOD #2
SUPER CONDUCTORS

8. • METHOD#3
ROTATIONAL
STABILIZATION
• A rotating magnet
can be levitated
against gravity using
a base ring of
magnets.
• Given a spin so that
unlike poles do not
attract.
LEVITRON IS AN EXAMPLE OF SPIN
STABILIZED MAGNETIC LEVITATION

9. METHOD#3
ROTATIONAL
STABILIZATION
• The like poles repel
and unlike poles
attract.
• The north-north
repulsion dominates.
• So it hangs where
this upward repulsion
and force of gravity
balance each other.

10. • Uses a IR emitter and
detector and also
electronic circuits for
checking the object’s
position.
• This controls the
electromagnet depending
on the object’s position.
• METHOD#4
SERVOMECHANISM
Blocked Beam
Unblocked Beam

11. METHOD#4
SERVOMECHANISM
• If the object is too low , the
coil current is increased.
• If the object is too high the
coil current is reduced
• It is used in tabletop
demonstrations and also in
maglev trains
LEVITATION OF WASHER

12. Some products working on servomechanism

13. MAGLEV TRAINS
• Maglev trains are very
high speed trains .
• They use large number
of magnets to lift,
guide and propel the
train.
,

14. MAGLEV
TRAINS
• Two types of maglev
trains have been
developed.
1. EMS MAGLEV
TRAIN developed in
GERMANY
[TRANSRAPID]
2. EDS MAGLEV
TRAIN developed in
JAPAN.[JR MAGLEV
shown in picture ]
The highest recorded speed of the
JR MAGLEV train is 581 kilometres per
hour (361 mph),

15. ELECTROMAGNETIC
SUSPENSION[EMS]
• Electromagnets
controlled by
computers are used.
• They are present on
the sides and the
underside of the train.
• Attraction between the
steel track and
magnet on the
underside levitates
the train.
How does the train rise?

16. ELECTRO MAGNETIC
SUSPENSION[EMS]
GUIDING MAGNETS
• Magnetic forces may
not be constant on
the two sides.
• So ,electromagnets
are controlled by
computers to keep
the train in the
center.
front view of guiding magnets
side view

17. • Picture showing aluminium
windings
ELECTRO MAGNETIC
SUSPENSION[EMS]
PROPULSION
• Aluminium three
phase windings are
present in the track.
• When a current is
supplied to the
windings, it creates a
traveling alternating
current that propels
the train forward by
pushing and pulling.

18. ELECTRO MAGNETIC
SUSPENSION[EMS]
BRAKING
• When the alternating
current is reversed, the
train brakes.
• Different speeds are
achieved by varying the
intensity of the current.
• Only the section of track
where the train is
traveling is electrified.

19. ELECTRO DYNAMIC
SUSPENSION [EDS]
LEVITATION
• In electrodynamic
suspension (EDS), a
repulsive magnetic
field between the train
and the track levitates
the train.
• . Superconductors
cooled by liquid
helium or liquid
nitrogen are used in
the train and the track.
The JR-Maglev

20. ELECTRO DYNAMIC
SUSPENSION [EDS]
PROPULSION
• The train is naturally
stable.
• An alternating
current runs throw
the track.
• For braking it moves
in the reverse
direction.

21. THE
INDUCTRACK
• Improved version of
the EDS
• Arrays of permanent
magnets called
HALBACH ARAYS
are used instead of
SUPER
CONDUCTING
COILS
Picture of THE INDUCTRACK

22. THE
INDUCTRACK
• Does not require
feedback system
• Does not require
cooling
• Less expensive than
the EDS and the
EMS systems.
• It’s only in the trial
stage
A full-scale INDUCTRACK test track is
nearing completion at GENERAL
ATOMICS IN SAN DIEGO

23. ADVANTAGES OF MAGLEV TRAINS
• An average speed of
300mph is achieved.
• Time taken to reach
destination is as
good as an airplane
[including check in
and check out time ].
• Safer as there is no
risk of derailing.

24. ADVANTAGES OF MAGLEV TRAINS
• As there is no
mechanical friction ,
lesser maintenance
is required.
• No energy is wasted
as only the part of
the track that is to be
used is electrified.
The full track is not electrified

25. DISADVANTAGES
OF MAGLEV TRAINS
• High initial cost
• The EDS MAGLEV
requires magnetic
shielding.
The EDS MAGLEV IN TOKYO

26. Start Quiz

27. A:
C:
B:
D:
The JR Maglev The Hyderabad Metro Rail
The Transpid The Inductrack
Next Question
2 minute quiz
Which of these trains is not a Maglev train?
1 / 3

28. Next Question
You are correct
The HYDERABAD METRO RAIL is a wheeled mass
transit system. It's speed is 80km/hr

29. Try Again Next Question
You are wrong
You are wrong

30. A:
C:
B:
D:
lesser people more power
no surface friction because of it's shape
Next Question
2 minute quiz
Why are Maglev trains faster than the wheeled trains?
2 / 3

31. There is only air friction in Maglev trains.
Even this friction can be eliminated if the
train is run in vacuum tunnels
Next Question
You are correct

32. Try Again Next Question
You are wrong
You are wrong

33. A:
C:
B:
D:
Professor Eric Laithwaite Rafael Nadal
Adam Gilchrist Morris Mano
2 minute quiz
The person who developed the first full-size working model of
linear induction motor, also developed the working Maglev
system. Identify the person.
3 / 3

34. You are correct
In the late 1940s, Professor Eric Laitwaite of Imperial
College ,London developed the first full-size working
model of the linear induction motor. In the early 1970s,
Laithwaite developed the maglev system.

35. REFERENCES
• http://www.howstuffworks.com/electromagnet.htm
• http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magnet
• http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electromagnet
• http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magnetic_levitation
• http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maglev_transport