Respiratory disease is the most common long-term illness and reason for hospital visits in Ireland. Lung cancer is a leading cause of cancer deaths. The document defines and describes common lung diseases like asthma, COPD, cystic fibrosis, and lung cancer. It covers causes, symptoms, and treatments for each disease. Preventing smoking and early treatment are emphasized for better lung health outcomes.

1. L U N G D I S E A S E
K I T T Y O ’ C O N N O R

2. LUNG
DISEASE
IN
IRELAND
• Respiratory disease is the most commonly reported long—
term illness in young adults.
• Respiratory disease is the most common reason to visit a
G.P. and the third most common reason for acute admission
to hospital.
• Respiratory disease accounts for one in five deaths in
Ireland.
• Death from respiratory disease are twice of the EU average.
• Lung cancer is the biggest cancer killer in Ireland.
(Inhaler Report, 2018)

3. LUNG
DISEASES
• ASTHMA – Inflammation & constriction of bronchi.
• BRONCHITIS- Inflammation of bronchi.
• PNEUNOMIA- infection- lungs fill with fluid.
• EMPHYSEMA – Destruction of alveoli.

4. LUNG
DISEASE
CONTINUE
D
• COPD – Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease - chronic
bronchitis and emphysema together - airways narrowed.
• CYSTIC FIBROSIS- Genetic disease. Lungs and intestines gets
clogged with mucus. Leads to infections.
• LUNG CANCER- Uncontrolled growth of cells in lungs.
• SARCOIDOSIS- Nodules on lungs. Unknown cause
• ALPHA-1 ANTITRYPSIN DEFICIENCY – Genetic disease.
causes emphysema in nonsmokers.

5. LET’S TAKE
A CLOSER
LOOK AT
LUNG
DISEASES
• ASTHMA
• LUNG CANCER
• CYSTIC FIBROSIS
• CHRONIC OBSTRUCTIVE PULMONARY DISEASE

6. ASTHMA
• Asthma is a narrowing of the bronchioles due to some
irritant (dust mite, pollen, cold virus) and so the sufferer
finds it difficult to inhale enough oxygen.
• Removing the offending agent can prevent it and
treatment is by use of inhalers that dilate the tubes
again.

7. CAUSES AND SYMPTOMS
CAUSES
• Pollen
• Animals
• Smoke
• Dust mites
• Chemicals
• Exercise
SYMPTOMS
• COUGHING
• WHEEZING
• BREATHLESSNESS
• CHEST TIGHTNESS

8. • IDENTIFY TRIGGERS
-- AVOID OR REMOVE
• USE SPECIFIC DRUG
TREATMENTS
• BRONCHODILATORS
• STEROIDS
ASTHMA -
PREVENTION
AND
TREATMENT

9. LUNG CANCER
• Is a disease of uncontrolled cell growth in tissues
of the lung or carcinoma of the lungs.
• It is one of the commonest forms of cancer

10. LUNG
CANCER-
CAUSES
• Cigarette smoking is the leading cause of lung cancer.
• The more cigarettes you smoke per day and the earlier you
started smoking, the greater your risk for lung cancer.
• Asbestos
• Exposure to cancer-causing chemicals such as uranium,
beryllium, vinyl chloride, nickel chromates, coal products,
mustard gas, chloromethyl ethers, gasoline, and diesel
exhaust

11. LUNG
CANCER
CONTINUE
D
• Family history of lung cancer
• High levels of air pollution
• High levels of arsenic in drinking water
• Radiation therapy to the lungs
• Radon gas

12. LUNG
CANCER
SYMPTOM
S
Early lung cancer may not cause any symptoms.
• Symptoms depend on the type of cancer you have, but may
include:
• Chest pain
• Cough that doesn't go away
• Coughing up blood
• Fatigue

13. LUNG
CANCER
SYMPTOM
S
CONTINUE
D
Losing weight without trying
Loss of appetite
Shortness of breath
Wheezing

14. LUNG
CANCER
TREATME
NT
• SURGERY
• RADIOTHERAPY
• CHEMOTHERAPY
• IMMUNOTHERAPY

15. CYSTIC
FIBROSIS
- CF
Genetic condition that primarily affects the
lungs and the digestive organs.
This causes the body to produce unusually
thick, sticky mucus.
Lungs, intestines and pancreas become
clogged with thick mucus.
Ireland has a high rates of CF with 1 in 18
individual carrying one defective CF gene.

16. CYSTIC FIBROSIS FACTS
• About 34 new cases of cystic fibrosis in Ireland are
diagnosed each year.
• CF is now on the new born screening test.
• Around 60% of the CF patient population in Ireland is aged
18 or older.
• The predicted median age of survival for a person with CF
in Ireland is 45.

17. SYMPTOM
S
• Very salty-tasting skin.
• Persistent coughing, at times with phlegm.
• Frequent lung infections.
• Wheezing or shortness of breath.
• Poor growth/weight gain in spite of a good appetite.
• Frequent greasy, bulky stools or difficulty in bowel
movements.

18. TREATMEN
TS
No cure for CF
Medications
• Antibiotics to prevent and treat chest infections
• Medicines to make the mucus in the lungs thinner and easier to cough
up .
• Medicine to help reduce the levels of mucus in the body.
• Bronchodilators to widen the airways and make breathing easier
• Steroid medicine to treat small growths inside the nose (nasal polyps)
• It's also important that people with cystic fibrosis are up-to-date with
all routine vaccinations and have the flu jab each year once they're old
enough.

19. CHRONIC OBSTRUCTIVE PULMONARY DISEASE
• Is a chronic inflammatory lung disease that causes obstructed
airflow from the lungs.
• Emphysema and chronic bronchitis are the two most common
conditions that contribute to COPD.
• Chronic bronchitis is inflammation of the lining of the bronchial
tubes, which carry air to and from the alveoli of the lungs.
• Emphysema is a condition in which the alveoli are destroyed as a
result of damaging exposure to cigarette smoke and other irritating
gases and particulate matter.

20. COPD SYMPTOMS
Shortness of breath,
especially during physical
activities
Wheezing Chest tightness
A chronic cough that may
produce mucus (sputum)
that may be clear, white,
yellow or greenish
Frequent respiratory
infections
Lack of energy
Unintended weight loss
(in later stages)
Swelling in ankles, feet or
legs

21. TREATME
NT
Stopping smoking
Inhalers
Antibiotics
Oxygen and nebulizers
Pulmonary rehabilitation
Surgery or a lung transplant