This document discusses several respiratory diseases and conditions. It notes that smoking and air pollution can damage lung cells through chemicals like nicotine, tar, and carbon monoxide. Secondhand smoke is also unhealthy. Common respiratory infections are caused by bacteria and viruses and can affect the nose, throat, and airways. Chronic bronchitis and emphysema involve long-term inflammation and damage to the lungs. Asthma features shortness of breath and wheezing from contracted airways. Lung cancer is often linked to smoking and tar acting as carcinogens that can cause uncontrolled cell growth.

1. Chapter 14

2.  Chemical substances in tobacco –nicotine and tars–
are poisons and can destroy cells.
 High temps, smoke and carbon monoxide produced
when tobacco burns also can injure a smoker’s cells.
 Second hand smoke is unhealthy.
 Smoking, polluted air, coal dust, and asbestos are
related to problems such as asthma, bronchitis,
emphysema and cancer.

3. Respiratory Infections
 Affect the organs of the respiratory system.
 Bacteria, viruses, and other micro-organisms can cause
infections
 Common cold affects upper part of the respiratory
system---from the nose to the pharynx.
 Cold virus can also cause irritation and swelling in the
larynx, trachea, and bronchi.
 The cilia can be damaged.

4. Chronic Bronchitis
 Bronchial tubes are irritated and swell
 Too much mucus is produced
 Many cases or bronchitis clear up within weeks, but
when it lasts a long time, it is chronic.

5. Emphysema
 The alveoli in the lungs enlarge
 Cells in the alveoli are reddened and swollen, an
enzyme is releases that causes the walls of the alveoli
to break down.
 Alveoli can’t push air out of lungs, so less oxygen
moves into the bloodstream from the alveoli.
 When blood is low in oxygen and high in carbon
dioxide, shortness of breath occurs.

6. Asthma
 Shortness of breath, wheezing, or coughing can occur
 During an attack, the bronchial tubes contract quickly
 Inhaling medicine that relaxes the bronchial tubes is
the usual treatment
 Can be an allergic reaction, breathing smoke, plant
pollen, eating certain foods, or stress

7. Kidney failure
 The kidneys don’t work as they should.
 Waste products are not removed and build up and act
as poisons in the body cells.
 Imbalance of salt occurs, body tries to restore balance.
 If balance isn’t restored, damage occurs.

8. Lung Cancer
 Third leading cause of death in America
 Inhaling the tar in cigarette smoke is greatest
contributing factor
 The tar and ingredients in smoke act a carcinogens in
the body
 Carcinogens are substances that can cause
uncontrolled cell growth
 Not easy to detect
 Smoking is also linked to cancers of mouth,
esophagus, larynx, pancreas, kidney, and bladder