This document provides information about the circulatory system and diseases that can affect it. It begins by defining parts of the circulatory system like the heart, arteries, veins, and capillaries. It then discusses blood components such as plasma, red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets. The document also covers blood pressure, blood types, and diseases including high blood pressure, arteriosclerosis, enlarged heart, congestive heart failure, congenital heart disease, fibrillation, heart attack, angina pectororis, and rheumatic heart disease.

1. Learning Strand 2
Scientific and Critical Thinking Skills
The CirculatorySystem
Michael Cachero Gelacio / Teacher III – District I ALS Coordinator

2. Answer the following:
Name the function of th
e respiratory system.
State three parts of the r
espiratory system.
Cite two ways of taking
care of the respiratory sy
stem.
Give three diseases that
can affect the respiratory
system.
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# 2
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WHAT YOU ALREADY KNOW

3. Lesson 1
Parts of the Circulatory System
Michael Cachero Gelacio / Teacher III – District I ALS Coordinator

4. HEART

5. Septum, muscular wall that separates the
two pumps of the heart.
The right pump collects blood from the
body and sends it to the lungs.
The left pump collects blood from the
lungs and sends it to the rest of the body
HEART

6. Each pump has two chambers:
the ATRIUM and the VENTRICLE.
The atrium has a thin wall while the
ventricle has a thick one.
Each atrium receives and stores blood.
HEART

7. To take your pulse, place the
middle and index fingers of one
hand on the wrist of the other
hand. Move your fingers slightly
until you feel a throbbing point.
Count the number of beats in 1
5 seconds. Multiply this number
by 4. The value you will get is
the number of times your heart
beats per minute.
Sit quietly on a chair. Take your
pulse.
Walk briskly around the room
for around one minute. Then
immediately take your pulse.
What did you notice? Is it faster
or slower than the one you
took previously?
A C
B D
The rate at which the heart beats can be determine by taking the pulse
ACTIVITY

9.  a network of small tubes that carries blood
through the body
BLOOD VESSELS

10.  we call EFFERENT VESSELS because
they carry blood away from the heart.
ARTERIES

11. ARTERIES

12.  called AFFERENT VESSELS because they
bring back blood toward the heart.
 Most veins carry deoxygenated blood
except for the pulmonary vein which
carries oxygen-rich blood from the lungs
to the heart.
VEINS

13. VEINS

14. VEINSARTERIES
♦ Carry blood away from the heart
♦ Blood is under great pressure here,
hence it flows fast and in spurts,
reflecting the rhythmic pumping
action of the heart
♦ Have thick and elastic muscular
walls
♦ Have no valves
♦ Carry red oxygen-rich blood
(except pulmonary artery)
♦ Carry blood toward the heart
♦ Blood is not under great pressure
here, so it flows more slowly and
smoothly
♦ Have relatively thin, slightly
muscular walls
♦ Have valves that prevent blood
from flowing backward
♦ Carry bluish-red oxygen-depleted
blood toward the heart
(except for the pulmonary vein)

15.  Capillaries are located mostly between the
veins and the arteries.
 Their job is to distribute oxygen-rich blood
that comes from the arteries out into the
tissues of the body.
 Then, they move the oxygen-depleted
blood from the tissues back into the veins.
CAPILLARIES

16. Do you see the bluish green vessels just beneath the surface of your skin?
THESE ARE SOME OF YOUR VEINS.
Why do they appear bluish green? That’s because they carry oxygen-deplet
ed blood. OXYGEN-DEPLETED BLOOD IS BLUE, OXYGEN-RICH IS RED.

17. In the space provided before each statement, write True if the statement is correct.
Write False if the statement is incorrect.
______ 1. The circulatory system is composed of the heart and blood vessels.
______ 2. The heart is located in the abdomen.
______ 3. The heart is the most hardworking organ in the body.
______ 4. The heart stops beating every now and then.
______ 5. The heart pumps about 5 liters of blood every minute.
______ 6. The heart is made up of two pumps that work together.
______ 7. Arteries bring blood to the heart.
______ 8. Capillaries are efferent vessels.
______ 9. The pulse is the stretching and relaxing of the artery wall.
______10. The heart has four chambers.

18. BLOOD

19. BLOOD
• The red fluid circulated throughout the body by the circulatory system.
• Blood is considered a connective tissue.

20. BLOOD
A. Nutrients carried by the blood pass through blood vessels and go to the cells of the body.
B. Blood also serves as the carrier of waste products to be transported out of the body through the
urinary or excretory system.

21.  Makes up 55% of the volume of the
blood.
 Hence, if 100 milliliters (ml) of
blood is extracted from the
human body, 55 ml of it would
be plasma.
 Composed mostly of water,
proteins, oxygen, carbon dioxide and
other substances such as sodium,
potassium and calcium

22.  The water in plasma serves as a carrier
for ions such as sodium, chloride and
potassium.
 It also dissolves nutrients like simple
sugar and vitamins.
 The substances in plasma are also impor-
tant for maintaining the chemical balance
inside the body and help in fighting off
disease.

23.  Also called ERYTHROCYTES.
 There are about 25 trillion of these tiny
cells in the human body.
 Are disc-shaped, BICONCAVE, meaning,
they have a slight depression in the center.
 unusual because unlike other cells,
they do not have nuclei.
RED BLOOD CELLS

24.  The function is primarily to carry oxygen to
the cells of the body.
 Small as the red blood cells are, each one
carries about 250 million molecules of hemo
globin.
 HEMOGLOBIN, a special substance that
attracts oxygen and keeps it inside the
erythrocytes.
RED BLOOD CELLS

25. WHITE BLOOD CELLS
 Also called LEUKOCYTES.
 White blood cells contain nuclei.
 They defend the body against invading
harmful microorganisms.
 Most white cells carry out PHAGOCYTOSIS,
that is, they gather at the site of infection
and engulf and eat up bacteria. They also
dispose of dead cells.

26. TYPES OF WHITE BLOOD CELLS
 LYMPHOCYTE - A form of small
leukocyte (white blood cell) with a
single round nucleus, occurring
especially in the lymphatic system.

27. TYPES OF WHITE BLOOD CELLS
 NEUTROPHILS - A type of immune cell
that is one of the first cell types to travel
to the site of an infection.
 help fight infection by ingesting micro-
organisms and releasing enzymes that kill
the microorganisms.
 A type of white blood cell, a type of
granulocyte, and a type of phagocyte

28. PLATELETS
 Are not real cells.
 They are fragments of cell materials that
come from certain bone marrow cells.
 BLOOD CLOTTING is also known as
blood coagulation. This process helps
stop bleeding.

29. PLATELETS
 FIBRIN threadlike material which forms a
net that traps red blood cells.
As it traps more cells, a clot is formed,
which seals off the damaged blood vessel
and stops the bleeding.

30. BLOOD TYPES

31. SPHYGMOMANOMETER
An instrument for measuring blood pressure.

32. SPHYGMOMANOMETER
 Blood pressure is the force of the
blood pushing against the walls of
the arteries.
 Each time the heart beats, it
pumps blood out into the
arteries.
 SYSTOLIC PRESSURE when the heart
contracts and is pumping blood. The
blood pressure is at its greatest.
 DIASTOLIC PRESSURE when the
heart is at rest, the blood pressure
falls.

33. SPHYGMOMANOMETER

34. Lesson 2
Diseases That Affect CirculatorySystem
Michael Cachero Gelacio / Teacher III – District I ALS Coordinator

35. HIGH BLOOD PRESSURE
Caused by many factors.
1. Having too much salt in the diet
increases blood pressure.
2. Being overweight also increases
one’s chances of having high blood
pressure and so does old age.
3. Too much stress can also lead to
this condition.

36. ARTERIOSCLEROSIS
 means “hardening of the arteries.”
 High blood pressure makes the
arteries thick and stiff. This leads
cholesterol and fats to build up in
the blood vessels.

37. ENLARGED HEART
 High blood pressure causes the heart to work harder. This causes the
heart to thicken and stretch over time. Eventually, the heart fails to
function normally. This then causes fluids to flow back into the lungs.

38. CONGESTIVE HEART FAILURE
 Occurs when your heart muscle
doesn't pump blood as well as
it should.
 Certain conditions, such as
narrowed arteries in your heart
(coronary artery disease) or
high blood pressure, gradually
leave your heart too weak or
stiff to fill and pump efficiently.

39. CONGESTIVE HEART FAILURE
Fluid may back up in your
lungs, causing shortness of
breath.
Fluid may back up into your
abdomen, legs and feet,
causing swelling.
Right-sidedheartfailure
The left ventricle can't contract
vigorously, indicating a
pumping problem.
Diastolicheartfailure
(also called heart failure with
preserved ejection fraction)
The left ventricle can't relax or
fill fully, indicating a filling
problem.
Left-sidedheartfailure Systolicheartfailure

40. CONGENITAL HEART DISEASE
 Heart defect is a problem with
the structure of the heart. It is
present at birth.
 The defects can involve the walls
of the heart, the valves of the
heart, and the arteries and veins
near the heart.
 They can disrupt the normal flow
of blood through the heart. The
blood flow can slow down, go in
the wrong direction or to the
wrong place, or be blocked com
pletely.

41. FIBRILLATION
 Atrial fibrillation (also called
AFib or AF) is a quivering or
irregular heartbeat (arrhythmia)
that can lead to blood clots,
stroke, heart failure and other
heart-related complications.
 Causes Cardiac arrest, stop in
heart function.

42. HEART ATTACK
 occurs when the blood flow
that brings oxygen to the heart
muscle is severely reduced or
cut off completely.
 This happens because coronary
arteries that supply the heart
muscle with blood flow can
slowly become narrow from a
buildup of fat, cholesterol and
other substances that together
are called plaque.
This slow process is known as
ATHEROSCLEROSIS

43. HEART ATTACK
 When a plaque in a heart
artery breaks, a blood clot
forms around the plaque. This
blood clot can block the blood
flow through the heart muscle.
When the heart muscle is
starved for oxygen and
nutrients, it is called ISCHEMIA.

44. ANGINA PECTORIS
 is a recurring pain in the chest
caused by a lack of blood flow
to the heart. It is often triggered
by physical exertion, but can
also be brought on by extreme
heat and cold, heavy meals,
cigarette smoking, excessive
alcohol consumption and emo-
tional stress.

45. RHEUMATIC HEART DISEASE
 a condition in which permanent
damage to heart valves is cause
d by rheumatic fever.
 The heart valve is damaged by
a disease process that generally
begins with a strep throat
caused by bacteria called STREP
TOCOCCUS, and may eventually
cause rheumatic fever.

46. CORONARY HEART DISEASE
 narrowing of the coronary arteries,
the blood vessels that supply
oxygen and blood to the heart.
 It is a major cause of illness and
death.

47. HEMOPHILIA
 Is a mostly inherited genetic
disorder that impairs the body's
ability to make blood clots, a
process needed to stop bleeding.
 This results in people bleeding
longer after an injury, easy bruising,
and an increased risk of bleeding in
side joints or the brain.

48. ANEMIA

49. LEUKEMIA
 A malignancy (cancer) of
blood cells. In leukemia,
abnormal blood cells are
produced in the bone marrow.
 Usually, leukemia involves the
production of abnormal white
blood cells - cells responsible
for fighting infection.

50. VARICOSE VEINS
 are large, twisted, swelled up and
bulging blood vessels, which usually
occur on the inside of the legs and
the back of the calf. They are usually
caused by the slow blood flow in the
veins of the legs, causing the veins to
pile up with blood.

51. 1. Leukemia
2. Hypertension
3. Heart attack
4. Varicose veins
5. Rheumatic heart disease
7. Rheumatic fever
8. Angina pectoris
9. Iron
10. Throat infection
a. occurs commonly among children 5 to 15 years old
b. enlarged leg veins
c. important for the production of hemoglobin
d. caused by low iron level in the body
e. high blood pressure
f. heart valve defect
g. usual cause of rheumatic heart disease
h. cancer of the bone marrow
i. also known as myocardial infarction
j. recurring pain in the chest
Column A Column B

52. Lesson 3
Taking Care of the CirculatorySystem
Michael Cachero Gelacio / Teacher III – District I ALS Coordinator

53. Eat low-fat, low-calorie foods to avoid fat deposits from clogging your blood vessels.

54. Avoid too much salt in your diet as well, because too much
salt increases the risk of heart disease.

55. Eating foods rich in iron such as red meat, beans and nuts
helps prevent iron deficiency anemia.

56. Avoid smoking and drinking too much alcohol.

57. Exercise regularly

58. Maintain your ideal body weight. Obesity will make you prone
to hypertension and other heart problems.

59. Learn to relax. Stress puts more work on your heart.

60. Have your blood pressure checked regularly.

61. WHAT YOU HAVE LEARNED
Answer the following:
A. Write True in the blank if the statement is correct and
False if it is incorrect.
______1. Eating salted peanuts is healthier than eating unsalted ones.
______2. Iron helps you avoid anemia.
______3. Smoking is bad for the circulatory system.
______4. Infections can cause diseases of the heart.
______5. Hypertension and other heart problems are linked to obesity
and high-fat diet.
B. Enumerate five ways to take care of your circulatory system.
1. ______________________________________________________
2. ______________________________________________________
3. ______________________________________________________
4. ______________________________________________________
5. ______________________________________________________

62. SA INYONG PAKIKINIG
MARAMINGSALAMAT PO
Michael Cachero Gelacio / Teacher III – District I ALS Coordinator