The muscular system allows for movement through muscles that are connected to the skeleton and controlled by the nervous system. There are three main types of muscles: skeletal muscles that move bones, smooth muscles that control internal organs, and cardiac muscles that form the heart. Muscular dystrophy is a genetic disease characterized by the progressive weakening and loss of skeletal muscles. Some common forms include Duchenne muscular dystrophy which affects boys and leads to wheelchair dependence in the early teens, and facioscapulohumeral muscular dystrophy which initially affects muscles in the face, shoulders, and arms. Limb-girdle muscular dystrophy affects muscles in the hips and shoulders. Myotonic muscular dystrophy affects multiple body systems and causes muscle wasting

1. Muscular System movement

3. The muscular system is the anatomical system of a species that allows it to move. The muscular system in vertebrates is controlled through the nervous system, although some muscles (such as the cardiac muscle) can be completely autonomous. Muscle is the tissue that makes it possible for a person or animal to move from place to place. makes the heartbeat; forces the blood to circulate; & pushes the food through the digestive system. is a contractile tissue of animals and is derived from the mesodermal layer of embryonic germ cells.

5. the muscles contract slowly & rhythmically to move the food along for digestion.

8. refers to a decrease in size of muscles. Individual muscle fibers decrease in size, and there is a progressive loss of myofibrils.

9. Disuse Atrophy

10. is a muscular atrophy that results from lack of muscle use.

11. is temporary if a muscle is exercised after it is taken out of a cast.Disuse Atrophy

13. is a crippling disease characterized by gradual wasting of skeletal muscle.

14. refers to a group of hereditary muscle diseases that weaken the muscles that move the human body.

16. Poor balance

17. Drooping eyelids

18. Gonadal

19. Loss of bladder control

20. Scoliosis (curvature of the spine and the back)

21. Inability to walk

22. Frequent falls

23. Waddling gait

24. Calf deformation

25. Limited range of movement

26. Respiratory difficultyFew or none of these symptoms may be present before diagnosis. Some types of muscular dystrophy can affect the heart, causing cardiomyopathy or arrhythmias.

28. symptoms usually are noted before age 5. the muscles first affected are those of the pelvis and trunk, resulting in spinal deformity and a waddling gait.

29. is the most common childhood form of muscular dystrophy, becoming clinically evident when a child begins walking.

30. Patients typically require a wheelchair by age 10 to 12 and die in their late teens to early 30s,though some people with Duchenne muscular dystrophy are now living to age 40 and beyond.Histopathology of gastrocnemius muscle from patient who died of pseudo hypertrophic muscular dystrophy, Duchenne type. Cross section of muscle shows extensive replacement of muscle fibers by adipose cells.

32. FSHMD, FSHD or FSH

33. Form of the disease affects both sexes equally and results in weakness and wasting of the shoulder girdle and upper arms.

34. It is usually noted around the onset of puberty.

35. which is also known as Landouzy-Dejerine,is a usually autosomal dominant inherited form of muscular dystrophy (MD)that initially affects the skeletal muscles of the face (facio), scapula (scapulo) and upper arms (humeral).

36. occurs both in males and females.27-year-old female with faciohumeroscapular muscular dystrophy. Marked non-structural hyperlordosis. Upright position achieved only by forward pelvic tilt.

38. is an autosomal class of muscular dystrophy that is similar but distinct from Duchenne muscular dystrophy and Becker's muscular dystrophy.

39. encompasses a large number of rare disorders.

41. delayed relaxation of the muscles accompanies wasting and weakness.

42. affects both sexes, but children of affected mothers are more likely to inherit a severe form of the disease than children of affected fathers.

43. is a chronic, slowly progressing, highly variable inherited multisystemic disease.

44. It is characterized by wasting of the muscles (muscular dystrophy), cataracts, heart conduction defects, endocrine changes, and myotonia.