Lower Back Pain Sucks
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Everyone knows lower back pain sucks. But did you know that the majority of back pain will heal on its own without surgery...if you know how to treat it--what to do and what not to do.
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Low back pain
Introduction to low back pain
Reasons for low back pain
Epidemiology of LBP
Causes of LBP
Risk factors of LBP
Diagnosis of LBP
Treatment for LBP
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Low back pain ppt
This presentation is meant for educating people about Low Back Pain, its symptoms & causes, home remedy tips and physiotherapy management of low back pain.
low Back pain
This document provides information about low back pain, including risk factors, prevention strategies, and when to seek medical help. It discusses back anatomy, forces acting on the spine, risk factors for injury such as repetitive lifting, and tips for proper lifting technique. It also notes that surgery is rarely needed and often not more effective than other treatments for back pain. Stretching and exercise may help but should avoid aggravating conditions, and back belts are not recommended or considered protective equipment.
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This document discusses low back pain, which is very common among working adults. It presents in people over 45 years old and is usually caused by degenerative changes or instability in the lumbosacral region of the spine. While 80% of cases resolve with conservative treatment like rest, heat, and over-the-counter medications, 5-10% may require surgery for issues like nerve compression, instability, or deformity. The document outlines approaches to evaluating and diagnosing the cause of low back pain through history, physical exam, imaging studies, and outlines treatment approaches including conservative care, injections, and surgical options.
Low back pain
Low back pain is usually caused by mechanical issues like lumbar spondylosis, herniated discs, or spinal stenosis. The lumbar spine consists of 5 vertebrae that are larger than other vertebrae to carry body weight. Between each vertebra is an intervertebral disc that acts as a shock absorber. Common causes of low back pain include lumbar spondylosis, herniated discs, and spinal stenosis. Lumbar spondylosis occurs from wear and tear on the joints between vertebrae and can cause pain from bone spurs and disc narrowing. Herniated discs occur when the gel-like center of a disc bulges out, pressing on nerves and causing pain. Spinal stenosis results
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Low back pain
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Low back pain ppt
This presentation is meant for educating people about Low Back Pain, its symptoms & causes, home remedy tips and physiotherapy management of low back pain.
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This document provides information about low back pain, including risk factors, prevention strategies, and when to seek medical help. It discusses back anatomy, forces acting on the spine, risk factors for injury such as repetitive lifting, and tips for proper lifting technique. It also notes that surgery is rarely needed and often not more effective than other treatments for back pain. Stretching and exercise may help but should avoid aggravating conditions, and back belts are not recommended or considered protective equipment.
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- For patients with nonspecific lower back pain like Abdulaziz without red flags, imaging and other diagnostic tests are not routinely recommended. His history and examination findings are consistent with a diagnosis of back strain.
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- LBP can be classified as mechanical, traumatic, infectious, neoplastic, and more. 97% are considered mechanical.
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3) Treatment depends on the severity and progression of the curvature and may involve bracing, casting, or surgery to correct or prevent worsening of the deformity.
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Spondylolisthesis is the slipping of one vertebra over another. It is commonly caused by dysplastic, isthmic, degenerative or traumatic conditions. It most often occurs at the L4-L5 or L5-S1 levels and presents with lower back pain, neurogenic claudication or radiculopathy. Imaging studies can classify and grade the spondylolisthesis. Conservative treatment includes rest, medications and physical therapy while surgical treatment is considered for progressive neurological deficits or severe, persistent pain.
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- Causes can be non-spinal (e.g. hernia, infection) or spinal (e.g. arthritis, herniated disc, stenosis).
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Lower Back Pain
The document provides tips for relieving and preventing low back pain. It discusses common causes of low back injuries like muscle strains, sprains, and slipped disks. It recommends using heating pads, massages, and over-the-counter medications for relief and advises seeing a doctor for severe or prolonged pain. Prevention tips include lifting with proper form, exercising regularly, wearing flat shoes, and maintaining good posture when sitting, standing, and sleeping. The document also suggests adjusting mattress firmness if needed.
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The document discusses low back pain, its prevalence, causes, types of pain, and natural treatment approaches. It notes that low back pain is very common, costly, and can be caused by strains, sprains, herniated discs, and more. Treatment approaches discussed include trigger point therapy, spinal traction, exercise, posture correction, and chiropractic care, which studies have shown to be effective and safe alternatives to medication and surgery.
Low back pain by Dr.bagasi
- Abdulaziz is a 27-year-old man who presented with 7 days of lower back pain after lifting a heavy object. On examination, he had tenderness over the paraspinous muscles and limited forward flexion, but no neurological deficits or red flags.
- For patients with nonspecific lower back pain like Abdulaziz without red flags, imaging and other diagnostic tests are not routinely recommended. His history and examination findings are consistent with a diagnosis of back strain.
- The goal of evaluation for lower back pain is to identify red flags indicating serious underlying conditions that require further evaluation or emergent treatment, while Abdulaziz showed no signs of these on history or examination
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This document provides an overview of low back pain (LBP), including prevalence, classifications, types, and key points regarding evaluation and management. Some key points:
- 60-80% of people experience LBP at some point, though 90% resolves within 6 weeks. Recurrence is common and LBP is a major cause of disability.
- LBP can be classified as mechanical, traumatic, infectious, neoplastic, and more. 97% are considered mechanical.
- Types include discogenic, radicular, facet joint, sacroiliac joint, muscular/myofascial, and others. Herniated discs can cause radicular symptoms.
- Evaluation involves detailed history and exam to identify
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Spondylolisthesis
This document discusses spondylolisthesis, including its anatomy, classification, natural history, and management. Some key points include:
- Spondylolisthesis is the forward translation of one vertebra on another, often caused by a defect in the pars interarticularis. It is classified by its cause and severity.
- Symptoms range from low back pain to neurological deficits depending on grade. Imaging helps assess severity and complications.
- Conservative care focuses on symptom relief but surgery may be needed for progressive slippage, deformity, or neurological problems.
- Surgical options include decompression with or without fusion to improve stability. Fusion techniques include posterolateral, anterior, or circumferential
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Low back pain is one of the most common reasons for seeking medical attention. The majority of episodes are self-limited, but some suffer from chronic or recurrent courses. Almost any structure in the back can cause pain, most commonly the intervertebral discs and facet joints. A thorough history and physical exam are important to determine the likely cause and guide appropriate treatment. Imaging such as X-rays, CT, and MRI may help identify structural abnormalities but often are not needed for typical mechanical low back pain.
Herniated Nucleus Pulposus
A herniated disk occurs when the inner nucleus pulposus protrudes through damage to the outer annulus fibrosus. Common symptoms include low back pain radiating into the leg. Diagnosis involves physical examination, imaging like MRI, and sometimes electromyography. Treatment options include medications, physical therapy, spinal manipulation, injections, and possibly surgery if conservative options fail. Prevention focuses on education, proper lifting technique, exercise to strengthen the back, and maintaining a healthy weight.
Updates in management of spinal cord injury
The document discusses updates in spinal cord injury management. It provides information on the epidemiology, classification, etiology, pathophysiology, current treatment strategies, and frontiers of treatment for spinal cord injuries. Specifically, it summarizes approaches in the acute phase including methylprednisolone administration and blood pressure augmentation as well as surgical decompression. It also outlines new areas of research including neuroprotective agents, techniques to promote neuroregeneration like chondroitinase ABC, cell-based therapies, biomaterials, and neuromodulation options like electrical stimulation and brain-machine interfaces.
Low back pain or Backache
Low back pain is very common, affecting over 80% of people at some point in their lifetime. While the exact cause is often unclear, imaging is usually not needed and most cases resolve within a few weeks with conservative treatment. Serious underlying causes that may require imaging or surgery include infection, cancer, fractures, or progressive neurological deficits. Physical therapy, medications, and avoiding prolonged bed rest can help acute low back pain, while cognitive behavioral therapy may help chronic cases influenced by psychological factors. Surgery is usually only indicated for severe or progressive neurological problems or cases resistant to other treatments.
Lower Back Pain - Part 2
Low back pain is very common, affecting 50-80% of adults at some point. It is the leading cause of disability in the US, costing $50 billion annually. While most cases resolve within 6 weeks, pain and disability may persist longer in up to 12-72% of patients. Risk factors include poor physical fitness, obesity, smoking, and hard physical labor. Mechanical low back pain makes up 90% of cases and involves overuse or injury of back structures, while 10% have non-mechanical systemic causes. Diagnosis involves history, exam, and sometimes imaging to identify pain generators and rule out serious causes requiring prompt treatment. Initial treatment focuses on remaining active, over-the-counter medications,
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2) Scoliosis is a lateral curvature of the spine that is usually accompanied by some rotational deformity. It can be classified based on cause and location.
3) Treatment depends on the severity and progression of the curvature and may involve bracing, casting, or surgery to correct or prevent worsening of the deformity.
Orthopedics 5th year, 5th lecture (Dr. Hamid)
Spondylolisthesis is the slipping of one vertebra over another. It is commonly caused by dysplastic, isthmic, degenerative or traumatic conditions. It most often occurs at the L4-L5 or L5-S1 levels and presents with lower back pain, neurogenic claudication or radiculopathy. Imaging studies can classify and grade the spondylolisthesis. Conservative treatment includes rest, medications and physical therapy while surgical treatment is considered for progressive neurological deficits or severe, persistent pain.
Low Back Pain: Diagnosis to Treatment!
This document provides information on low back pain, including its definition, prevalence, costs, causes, examination, diagnosis, and treatment options. Some key points:
- Low back pain is very common, affecting 60-80% of adults at some point. It costs the US over $90 billion annually in direct medical expenses and lost work.
- Causes can be non-spinal (e.g. hernia, infection) or spinal (e.g. arthritis, herniated disc, stenosis).
- Examination involves assessing gait, range of motion, motor strength, sensation, and reflexes. Common diagnostic tests are x-rays, MRI, CT.
- Treatment depends on cause but
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Lower Back Pain
The document provides tips for relieving and preventing low back pain. It discusses common causes of low back injuries like muscle strains, sprains, and slipped disks. It recommends using heating pads, massages, and over-the-counter medications for relief and advises seeing a doctor for severe or prolonged pain. Prevention tips include lifting with proper form, exercising regularly, wearing flat shoes, and maintaining good posture when sitting, standing, and sleeping. The document also suggests adjusting mattress firmness if needed.
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The document discusses lower back pain, including common causes such as disc injuries, degeneration, muscle strains, and nerve root compression. It explains that discs can degenerate naturally over time and have poor blood supply, making them prone to injury and slow to heal. While muscles heal quickly, they can weaken or tighten, contributing to back pain. The document outlines how acute lower back pain lasts up to 6 weeks as tissues heal, while chronic pain lasts over 3 months even though tissues may have healed. It describes how pain pathways become sensitized, causing pain to be felt more often and without real tissue threat. Management strategies discussed include exercise, posture, lifting correctly, and pacing activities to avoid reinforcing pain behaviors.
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Diagnosis of discogenic back pain can be difficult. There are characteristic findings on physical examination, but these same findings are seen in patients with other types of back pain as well. Imaging studies can be performed, such as MRI.
Discogenic pain is pain originating from a damaged vertebral disc, particularly due to denenegrative disc disease
. However, not all degenerated discs cause pain. Disc degeneration occurs naturally with age.
Once a fully degenerated disc no longer has any inflammatory proteins that can cause pain, the disc enters into a stable position. Hence, discogenic pain rarely occurs after 60 years of age.
Discogenic pain can usually be successfully treated with non-surgical treatments, such as pain medication and physical therapy and exercise, but chronic discogenic pain that is severe and limits the individual's ability to function may need to be treated with surgery.
Damage to the disc occurs naturally or through a twisting injury where the inner and/or outer portions of the disc may tear, exposing or irritating the nerves on the outer edge of the annulus.
The injury can also create excessive micro-motion instability at the adjacent vertebrae because the disc cannot hold the vertebral segment together as well as it used to.
The disc itself has very few nerve endings and no blood supply. Without a blood supply the disc does not have a way to repair itself, and pain created by the damaged disc can last for years, either as a chronic condition or with periodic painful flare ups. The symptoms are most common in individuals age 30 to 60 years old.Pain as 5 th vs
This document outlines a training module for doctors and nurses on implementing pain as the 5th vital sign. The objectives are to train them on pain assessment and management. It discusses how pain is inadequately treated worldwide and provides standards from 2001 to record pain as the 5th vital sign. It also covers pain physiology, types of pain, effects of unmanaged pain, factors affecting pain perception, and barriers to effective pain management.
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There are several potential causes of lower back pain, including muscle strains or sprains, ligament or disc injuries, joint problems, and underlying medical conditions. Treatment involves a three-phase process focusing initially on reducing pain and inflammation, then restoring function through exercises, and finally maintaining strength through continued exercise and preventative measures. Proper functioning of the sacroiliac joint and surrounding muscles is important for low back health.
approach a patient with low back pain
Mr. B is a 37-year-old male who experienced acute lower back pain while working in his yard. He reports dull, burning pain localized to his lower back radiating into his left buttock. Physical examination reveals tenderness over the paraspinous muscles but normal range of motion, strength, and sensation in the lower extremities. Non-surgical management including medications, exercise, and lifestyle modifications is recommended. Further investigations are not needed unless symptoms fail to improve within 4-6 weeks.
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Herniated disk in the lower back agrasen hospital dr sandeep agrawal gondia v...Dr.Sandeep Agrawal Gondia
Back Pain
Back pain is often a common symptom of many disease conditions and the back pain may range from simple or dull pain to sudden and sharp pain. If the pain persists for few days, it is acute pain whereas if continues for more than 3 months, it is considered as chronic pain. In most cases, back pain may resolve without any treatment however if persists for more than 3 days, medical intervention is necessary.
Neck Pain
The first 7 vertebral bones on the spinal column form the cervical spine and are located in the neck region. The neck bears the weight of the head, allows significant amount of movement, and also less protected than other parts of spine. All these factors make the neck more susceptible to injury or other painful disorders. Common neck pain may occur from muscle strain or tension in everyday activities including poor posture, prolonged use of a computer and sleeping in an uncomfortable position.
Spinal Deformity Surgery
The Spine or backbone provides stability to the upper part of our body. It helps to hold the body upright. It consists of several irregularly shaped bones, called vertebrae appearing in a straight line. The spine has two gentle curves, when looked from the side and appears to be straight when viewed from the front. When these curves are exaggerated, pronounced problems can occur such as back pain, breathing difficulties and fatigue and the condition will be considered as deformity. Spine deformity can be defined as abnormality in the shape, curvature and flexibility of spine.
Spine Injections
Spine injection is a nonsurgical treatment modality recommended for treatment of chronic back pain. Injection of certain medicinal agents relieves the pain by blocking the nerve signals between specific areas of the body and the brain. The treatment approach involves injections of local anaesthetics, steroids, or narcotics into the affected soft tissues, joints, or nerve roots. It may also involve complex nerve blocks and spinal cord stimulation.
Spine Trauma
Spine trauma is damage to the spine caused from a sudden traumatic injury caused by an accidental fall or any other physical injury. Spinal injuries may occur while playing, performing normal activities, operating heavy machines, lifting heavy objects, driving automobiles, or when you suffer a fall. Injury to spine may cause various conditions including fractures, dislocation, partial misalignment (subluxation), disc compression (herniated disc), hematoma (accumulation of blood) and partial or complete tears of ligaments.
Vertebral Fractures
Vertebral compression fractures occur when the normal vertebral body of the spine is squeezed or compressed. The bone collapses when too much pressure is placed on the vertebrae, resulting in pain, limited mobility, loss of height, and spinal deformities. In severe compression fractures the vertebral body is pushed into the spinal canal which will apply pressure on the spinal cord and nerves.DDH introduction and algorithm.pptx
This document discusses developmental dysplasia of the hip (DDH), including its definition, incidence, causes, clinical tests for diagnosis, imaging techniques, and management approaches. DDH results from abnormal development of the hip joint and can range from instability to complete dislocation. Risk factors include female sex, breech positioning, and family history. Clinical exams include the Ortolani and Barlow tests. Ultrasound and x-rays are used for imaging. Treatment depends on age and severity, and may involve harnessing, casting, or surgery to achieve a concentric reduction without tension. The goal is normal development through positioning the femoral head in the acetabulum.
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1. Developmental dysplasia of the hip (DDH) refers to dysplasia or dislocation of the hip joint that develops during fetal life or infancy. It can range from shallow acetabulum to partial or complete dislocation.
2. Risk factors include female sex, breech presentation, family history, and swaddling practices that restrict hip movement. Screening involves clinical examination and ultrasound of newborns and infants.
3. Treatment depends on age and severity but aims to reduce the femoral head and maintain the reduction to allow for normal hip development. Options include Pavlik harness, hip spica casting, and surgery.
DDH.ppt
1. Developmental dysplasia of the hip (DDH) refers to dysplasia or dislocation of the hip joint that develops during fetal life or infancy. It can range from shallow acetabulum to partial or complete dislocation.
2. Risk factors include female sex, breech presentation, family history, and swaddling practices that restrict hip movement. Screening involves clinical tests and ultrasound imaging to detect abnormalities.
3. Treatment depends on age and severity but generally aims to reduce the femoral head and maintain the reduction through devices like Pavlik harness or hip spica casting. Surgical intervention may be needed for older patients or failed non-surgical treatment.
Developmental dysplasia of the hip overview
1. Developmental dysplasia of the hip (DDH) refers to dysplasia or dislocation of the hip joint that develops during fetal life or infancy. It can range from shallow acetabulum to partial or complete dislocation.
2. Risk factors include female sex, breech presentation, family history, and swaddling practices that restrict hip movement. Screening involves clinical examination and ultrasound of newborns and infants.
3. Treatment depends on age and severity but aims to reduce the femoral head and maintain the reduction to allow for normal hip development. Options include Pavlik harness, hip spica casting, and surgery.
Advancement in back pain treatment
This document provides an overview of back pain and recent advances in back pain treatment presented by Dr. Manish Raj. It discusses the anatomy of the spine, common causes of low back pain like strains and disc issues, risk factors, and prevention through exercise and posture. Treatment options covered include minimally invasive procedures like disc decompression, vertebroplasty, and spinal cord stimulation as well as open surgeries. The document aims to educate about back pain causes, prevention, and recent non-surgical and surgical treatment advances.
Hip Dysplasia
Hip dysplasia describes a condition where the hip becomes partially or fully dislocated and/or the hip’s ball (femoral head) and socket (acetabulum) are misaligned. The condition primarily affects children but is also commonly diagnosed in adulthood. Treatment options range from simple bracing to extensive surgery and should be determined based on the patient’s age and the severity of their condition.
http://www.davidsfeldmanmd.com/specialties/hip-dysplasia
Joint dislocations
This document discusses different types of joint dislocations, including shoulder, hip, ankle, knee, and elbow dislocations. It describes the most common types of each dislocation, their mechanisms of injury, and general principles and techniques for reducing the dislocations. Common shoulder dislocation types include anterior and posterior. Hip dislocations are usually posterior or anterior. Reduction techniques aim to align the bones and relax muscles/ligaments through traction and manipulation of the joint.
Ayurvedic management of disc prolapse
The document discusses Ayurvedic management of disc prolapse. It begins by describing the causes as repetitive mechanical activities, obesity, poor posture, injury, and genetics. Symptoms include severe back pain radiating to the lower limbs. Diagnosis involves physical exam and imaging tests. Conventional treatments include bed rest, anti-inflammatories, physical therapy, and injections. Ayurvedic management focuses on detoxification, strengthening tissues, proper nutrition and herbs, yoga, and therapies like oil massages. The goal is to reduce pain and inflammation, strengthen tissues, and prevent further deterioration.
Ayurvedic management of disc prolapse
The document discusses Ayurvedic management of disc prolapse. It begins by describing the causes as repetitive mechanical activities, obesity, poor posture, injury, and genetics. Symptoms include severe back pain radiating to the lower limbs. Diagnosis involves physical exam and imaging tests. Conventional treatments include bed rest, anti-inflammatories, physical therapy, and injections. Ayurvedic management focuses on detoxification, strengthening tissues, proper nutrition and herbs, yoga, and therapies like oil massages. The goal is to reduce pain and inflammation, strengthen tissues, and prevent further deterioration.
Spinal Cord Injury (SCI)
SOURCES: Straight A's Medical Surgical Nursing and Medical-Surgical Nursing Concepts and Clinical Application 2nd Edition by Josie Quiambao-Udan RN, MAN
Injuries around the shoulder(maheswari)
This document discusses common injuries around the shoulder joint, including dislocations, fractures, and ligament injuries. It begins with the anatomy of the shoulder girdle bones and joints. Shoulder dislocations, especially anterior dislocations, are the most common injuries described. Fractures of the clavicle and scapula are also discussed. The diagnosis and treatment of each injury is explained, with treatments ranging from immobilization and physical therapy to surgical repair depending on the severity of the injury.
Lumber disc bulge/ Herniation/ Prolapse
What is structure of lumber disc? What is disc bulge/prolapse/herniation? What is difference between disc bulge, disc prolapse, disc herniation or disc extrusion? What is criteria to diagnose lumber disc prolapse? How lumber disc herniation is treated medically or surgically? How lumber disc herniation is treated by conservative method? How lumber disc herniation is treated through physical therapy? What is physiotherapy after various disc surgeries? What is radiological method to diagnose disc prolapse?
PIVD (Slipped or Herniated Disc): Physiotherapy Treatment
A prolapsed disc is commonly known as ‘slipped disc’, where a disc does not actually slips but the part of the inner softer part of the disc bulges out or herniates through a weakness in the outer part of the disc.
The prolapsed intervertebral disc is also known as herniated disc.
STAGES OF PIVD:
(1) Bulging: At this early stage, the disc is stretched and doesn’t completely return to its normal shape when pressure is relieved. It retains a slight bulge at one side of the disc. Some of the inner disc fibres could be torn and the soft jelly ( nucleus pulposus ) is spiling outwards into the disc fibres but not out of the disc.
(2) Protrusion: At this stage, the bulge is very prominent and the soft jelly centre has spilled out to the inner edge of the outer fibres, barely held in by the remaining disc fibres.
(3) Extrusion: In the case of a herniated spinal disc, the soft jelly has completely spilled out of the disc and now protruding out of the disc fibres.
(4) Sequestration: Here some of the jelly material is breaking off away from the disc into the surrounding area.
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This document discusses developmental dysplasia of the hip (DDH), which refers to dysplasia of the hip joint that develops during fetal life or infancy. It can range from shallow acetabulum to complete hip dislocation. DDH is more common in females and risk factors include breech presentation and family history. Treatment depends on age, with Pavlik harness used in infants under 6 months and hip spica casting for older infants and children under 2 years. The goal of treatment is to reduce the femoral head in the acetabulum and allow normal hip joint development.
Spinal Decompression
Spinal decompression is a non-invasive therapy that uses traction to reduce pressure on spinal discs and relieve back pain. It works by slowly decompressing herniated or bulged discs to allow them to retract and decrease pressure on nearby nerves. Common conditions it treats include back and neck pain, sciatica, slipped discs, and degenerative disc disease. Pregnant women, those with fractures, tumors, or metal implants in the spine are not candidates for spinal decompression therapy.
Spinal decompression
31 million Americans have low back pain at any given time. Find out how Spinal Decompression can help you deal with back pain and get your life back,
Congenital hip dysplasia
Developmental dysplasia of the hip (DDH) is a spectrum of hip disorders that can occur from conception to skeletal maturity. It most commonly affects females and risk factors include genetic predisposition, breech positioning, and hormonal influences. Clinical features include limb asymmetry and limited hip movement. Diagnosis involves clinical tests and imaging like ultrasound or X-rays. Management depends on age, with splinting often used for young infants and closed or open reduction with spica casting for older children. Complications can include limping, osteoarthritis, or avascular necrosis if left untreated.
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PIVD (Slipped or Herniated Disc): Physiotherapy Treatment
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Lower Back Pain Sucks
- 2. At some point in their lives, over 86 percent of the word’s population will suffer from lower back pain.
- 4. Trauma
- 5. Trauma Health
- 6. Trauma Health Age
- 8. YES!
- 20. A disc can bulge, herniate or degenerate
- 21. A disc can bulge, herniate or degenerate Facet joints can weaken and fail
- 22. A disc can bulge, herniate or degenerate Facet joints can weaken and fail Your spine can curve too far inward (hyperlordosis) or not far enough inward (hypolordosis)
- 23. A disc can bulge, herniate or degenerate Facet joints can weaken and fail Your spine can curve too far inward (hyperlardosis) or not far enough inward (hypolardosis) A ligament can get pulled or torn
- 24. A disc can bulge, herniate or degenerate Facet joints can weaken and fail Your spine can curve too far inward (hyperlardosis) or not far enough inward (hypolardosis) A ligament can get pulled or torn Arthritis can take hold
- 34. Microdiscectomy (a.k.a. Microdecompression) Minimally invasive procedure where a portion of the disc nucleus is removed with a surgical knife or laser Laminectomy An invasive surgical procedure in which a small portion of the arch of the vertebrae is removed
- 37. That’s one smart table!
- 41. Deflated Inflated
- 43. Use this…………………………….to fix this!
- 44. info@spinalrehabsolutions.com www.spinalrehabsolutions.com