This paper presents low cost-effective weather station with monitoring system by using ZigBee communication technique that serves as a communication channel by using hardware and sensors to transmit and receive data in the weather station system. Using ZigBee over the Bluetooth for the short coverage distance about (1-10 m) and over the (WLAN) (wireless local area network) or Wi-Fi, a WLAN has limitation like delay, lacking BW of the handover of a large amount of data, and some areas have no internet coverage. The system includes implementation and design for the weather station using Arduino Uno board and five sensors gives sixth reading data (rain state, wind level, air pressure, dust density, temperature and humidity). The data can be stored in SD card on receiving (clouding and main processing side) from more than one transmitter node (ZigBee Network). It can be retrieved the data in any time and date. Results showed the system has no delay and the data reputedly changing ever second with the new reading.
IOSR Journal of Computer Engineering (IOSR-JCE) is a double blind peer reviewed International Journal that provides rapid publication (within a month) of articles in all areas of computer engineering and its applications. The journal welcomes publications of high quality papers on theoretical developments and practical applications in computer technology. Original research papers, state-of-the-art reviews, and high quality technical notes are invited for publications.
Application of Zigbee in Smart Home with Dynamic Routing AlgorithmNooria Sukmaningtyas
In order to avoid damaging the walls and bore a hole through the walls, also to save the cost of
rewiring, low voltage power line can be used to implement the smart home. However, several difficult
problem must be solved at the same time , the most important are finding a technology method to
suppress the noise interference and resist the weaker signal. The smart home system is introduced in the
paper. During the design of Smart Home System adopting power line signal carrier, a dynamic routine
algorithm based on the idea of Genetic Algorithm is proposed to cope with the time-varying and random
feature of power line channel. Thus the system can find the transmission path in real time and dispatch the
signal carrier to transmit among the nodes. With this algorithm, the communication between a certain
group-controller and its terminal nodes or between the main-controller and the group-controllers is realized
successfully. In the proposed algorithm all nodes but the controller adopt same driver, therefore the plug
and play is realized for all nodes.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
The multiple applications (Forest, Industrial, Home) sector being the backbone of the security system. Security systems which are being used now a day are not smart enough to provide real time notification after sensing the problem. This Project is very useful in industrial monitoring system, forest safety and controlling an application. The Processing Sensor analysis of PIR sensors, Fire, air, temp sensors based multiple sector Analysis industrial, human identification and Any Identification Indicate LCD Display and Web camera Based Any Problem Capture Stored Image Data base. In the present work a PIC Microcontroller based the remote irrigation system is developing for the multiple process. The microcontroller use to controlling and displaying the resultant sensor values LCD Display Identifying System.
Raspberry Pi controlled Home AutomationRaiz Maharjan
A project report of Home Automation that allows users to remotely control home appliances using android app, also equipped with live streaming feature.
Application of Microcontroller in Transmitter Section of Wireless Systemijceronline
International Journal of Computational Engineering Research (IJCER) is dedicated to protecting personal information and will make every reasonable effort to handle collected information appropriately. All information collected, as well as related requests, will be handled as carefully and efficiently as possible in accordance with IJCER standards for integrity and objectivity.
A ZigBee Based Wireless Sensor Network for an Agricultural Environmentijsrd.com
This paper reports the design and development of a smart wireless sensor network (WSN) for an agricultural environment. Monitoring agricultural environments for various factors such as light, temperature and humidity along with other factors can be of significance. The sensor data is transmitted to network coordinator which is heart of the wireless personal area network. In the modern scenario wireless networks contains sensors as well as actuators. ZigBee is newly developed technology that works on IEEE standard 802.15.4, which can be used in the wireless sensor network (WSN). The low data rates, low power consumption, low cost are main features of ZigBee. WSN is composed of ZigBee coordinator (network coordinator), ZigBee router and ZigBee end device. The sensor nodes information in the network will be sent to the coordinator, the coordinator collects sensor data, stores the data in memory, process the data, and route the data to appropriate node.
Study and Development of Temperature & Humidity monitoring system through Wir...IJERA Editor
Wireless sensor networks have become an integral part of any developing country as it is being used nowadays as the primary monitoring system in various applications. The wireless sensor networks eliminate the hazards associated with the wiring systems and make data measurement and monitoring process much easier and cost effective. The decentralized architecture of the wireless sensor network and its flexibility of deployment make wireless networks most suitable for various process plants, industries and remote & rural communication. In this work, applications of wireless sensor network is carried out on online measurement and monitoring of reaction chamber, furnace etc, which is to be measured in the industries.
IOSR Journal of Computer Engineering (IOSR-JCE) is a double blind peer reviewed International Journal that provides rapid publication (within a month) of articles in all areas of computer engineering and its applications. The journal welcomes publications of high quality papers on theoretical developments and practical applications in computer technology. Original research papers, state-of-the-art reviews, and high quality technical notes are invited for publications.
Application of Zigbee in Smart Home with Dynamic Routing AlgorithmNooria Sukmaningtyas
In order to avoid damaging the walls and bore a hole through the walls, also to save the cost of
rewiring, low voltage power line can be used to implement the smart home. However, several difficult
problem must be solved at the same time , the most important are finding a technology method to
suppress the noise interference and resist the weaker signal. The smart home system is introduced in the
paper. During the design of Smart Home System adopting power line signal carrier, a dynamic routine
algorithm based on the idea of Genetic Algorithm is proposed to cope with the time-varying and random
feature of power line channel. Thus the system can find the transmission path in real time and dispatch the
signal carrier to transmit among the nodes. With this algorithm, the communication between a certain
group-controller and its terminal nodes or between the main-controller and the group-controllers is realized
successfully. In the proposed algorithm all nodes but the controller adopt same driver, therefore the plug
and play is realized for all nodes.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
The multiple applications (Forest, Industrial, Home) sector being the backbone of the security system. Security systems which are being used now a day are not smart enough to provide real time notification after sensing the problem. This Project is very useful in industrial monitoring system, forest safety and controlling an application. The Processing Sensor analysis of PIR sensors, Fire, air, temp sensors based multiple sector Analysis industrial, human identification and Any Identification Indicate LCD Display and Web camera Based Any Problem Capture Stored Image Data base. In the present work a PIC Microcontroller based the remote irrigation system is developing for the multiple process. The microcontroller use to controlling and displaying the resultant sensor values LCD Display Identifying System.
Raspberry Pi controlled Home AutomationRaiz Maharjan
A project report of Home Automation that allows users to remotely control home appliances using android app, also equipped with live streaming feature.
Application of Microcontroller in Transmitter Section of Wireless Systemijceronline
International Journal of Computational Engineering Research (IJCER) is dedicated to protecting personal information and will make every reasonable effort to handle collected information appropriately. All information collected, as well as related requests, will be handled as carefully and efficiently as possible in accordance with IJCER standards for integrity and objectivity.
A ZigBee Based Wireless Sensor Network for an Agricultural Environmentijsrd.com
This paper reports the design and development of a smart wireless sensor network (WSN) for an agricultural environment. Monitoring agricultural environments for various factors such as light, temperature and humidity along with other factors can be of significance. The sensor data is transmitted to network coordinator which is heart of the wireless personal area network. In the modern scenario wireless networks contains sensors as well as actuators. ZigBee is newly developed technology that works on IEEE standard 802.15.4, which can be used in the wireless sensor network (WSN). The low data rates, low power consumption, low cost are main features of ZigBee. WSN is composed of ZigBee coordinator (network coordinator), ZigBee router and ZigBee end device. The sensor nodes information in the network will be sent to the coordinator, the coordinator collects sensor data, stores the data in memory, process the data, and route the data to appropriate node.
Study and Development of Temperature & Humidity monitoring system through Wir...IJERA Editor
Wireless sensor networks have become an integral part of any developing country as it is being used nowadays as the primary monitoring system in various applications. The wireless sensor networks eliminate the hazards associated with the wiring systems and make data measurement and monitoring process much easier and cost effective. The decentralized architecture of the wireless sensor network and its flexibility of deployment make wireless networks most suitable for various process plants, industries and remote & rural communication. In this work, applications of wireless sensor network is carried out on online measurement and monitoring of reaction chamber, furnace etc, which is to be measured in the industries.
Intelligent fire detection and alert system using labVIEWIJECEIAES
Fire detection systems are designed to discover fires and allow the safe evacuation of occupants as well as protecting the safety of emergency response personnel. This paper describes the design and development of a fire detection and alert system. Temperature and flame sensors are used to indicate the occurrence of fire. This work consists of two parts, which are transmitter and receiver, both using ZigBee wireless technology. Arduino Uno is used as the microcontroller at the transmitter part to control the sensor nodes and give alert when over temperature and flame are detected. At the transmitter, the collected data from the sensors are transmitted by an XBee module operated as router node. At the receiver side, an XBee coordinator module which is attached to a computer using USB to serial communication captured the data for further processing. In addition, an interactive and user-friendly Graphical User Interface (GUI) is developed. LabVIEW software is used to design the GUI which displays and analyze the possibility of fire happening. The system can display the fire location and provides early warning to allow occupants to escape the building safely.
Development of a Wireless Sensors Network for Greenhouse Monitoring and Controlijeei-iaes
Wireless sensor networks (WSN) could be used to monitor and control many parameters of environment such as temperature, humidity, and radiation leakage. In greenhouse the weather and soil should be independent of the natural agents. To achieve this condition a wireless sensor nodes could be deployed and communicate with a central base station to measure and transmit the sensed required environment factors. In this paper a WSN was implemented by deployed wireless sensor nodes in a greenhouse with temperature, humidity, moisture light, and CO2 sensors. The proposed model was built and tested, and the result shows an excellent improvement in the sensed parameters. To control the environmental factors, the used microcontroller programmed to control the parameters according to preset values, or manually through a user interface panel.
Android Based Switch Controlling Technique for LED BulbsUsing Bluetooth/Wi-Fi...IJRES Journal
This paper presents an efficient approach to switch on/off and control the intensity of an LED bulb from a remote place using Android Applications installed in a Smartphone. As LED household bulbs and lights are energy efficient, drop-in replacements for the incandescent lighting found in homes and offices. These lights produce a warm brightness while providing a significant cost savings over traditional lighting. Bluetooth & Wi-Fi modules are used simultaneously as an interface that make connection between Android Applicationand the LPC2148 controller by which the generated output can be viewed with the help of an LED bulb and control various other devices, based on the availability in particular areas.
A ZIGBEE AND EMBEDDED BASED SECURITY MONITORING AND CONTROL SYSTEMijistjournal
As technology becomes more advanced and modernized; more features are added to the existing system for the purpose of satisfying the increasing security needs of the people. Deploying wireless technologies for security and control in home offers attractive benefits along with user friendly interface. In this paper we present a smart security system comprises of Zigbee, GSM, Sensors and Smartphone for Security monitoring and control, when the user is at remote premises. Three sensors namely PIR, vibration and door sensor are installed at windows and doors. Whenever there is a security breach the sensors sends the signal to the Pic microcontroller. The Max 232 converter provides serial interface between the microcontroller and the zigbee. The Zigbee end device then transmits the signal to the Zigbee coordinator. The ZC at the control console communicates with MCU using max 232 converters. MCU would in turn access and control the GSM module via AT commands and automatically sends SMS to the owner's mobile phone informing him about the security breach. On receiving the SMS, user can make a video call using Skype account; Smartphone installed at home will feed us with a live video. On viewing the video the user can know whether an intruder has entered or not. Then accordingly faint gas valve and door lock can be controlled by the user. Thus whenever there is an intrusion, our system lets the user to monitor and control his premises from any part of the world.
As technology becomes more advanced and modernized; more features are added to the existing system
for the purpose of satisfying the increasing security needs of the people. Deploying wireless technologies
for security and control in home offers attractive benefits along with user friendly interface. In this paper
we present a smart security system comprises of Zigbee, GSM, Sensors and Smartphone for Security
monitoring and control, when the user is at remote premises. Three sensors namely P
IR, vibration and door sensor are installed at windows and doors. Whenever there is a security breach the
sensors sends the signal to the Pic microcontroller. The Max 232 converter provides serial interface
between the microcontroller and the zigbee. The Zigbee end device then transmits the signal to the Zigbee
coordinator. The ZC at the control console communicates with MCU using max 232 converters. MCU
would in turn access and control the GSM module via AT commands and automatically sends SMS to the
owner's mobile phone informing him about the security breach. On receiving the SMS, user can make a
video call using Skype account; Smartphone installed at home will feed us with a live video. On viewing
the video the user can know whether an intruder has entered or not. Then accordingly faint gas valve and
door lock can be controlled by the user. Thus whenever there is an intrusion, our system lets the user to
monitor and control his premises from any part of the world.
Covid-19 fever symptom detection based on IoT cloud IJECEIAES
This paper presents a new method of detection Covid-19 fever symptoms depending on IoT cloud services to solve the higher time delay of checking the crowded clients that enter public or private agencies which can lead to a dangerous field to spread the disease. An automatically checking process is suggested using a practical experiment is developed using (ESP8266 node MCU, ultrasonic (SR-04), RFID (RC522), human body temperature (MAX30205) sensors, and ThingSpeak platform). Where node MCU is open-source hardware used to transmit the received data (human temperature sensor) from the (MAX30205) to the cloud platform (ThingSpeak) then alert the monitoring manager user when the collected data reached a critical value that specified previously and automatically take action to solve this situation. At the same time, the cloud platform will provide a graphical representation of the received data to display it using different monitoring devices such as (computers, mobiles, and others).
Microcontroller Based Temperature Monitoring and Controlling System using XBe...ijtsrd
Temperature controlling is one of the most important process variables in the process control. In this paper describes the design and implementation of a Wireless Sensor Networks WSN based on XBee technology to monitor the history and current temperature information of remote locations. In this work, the microcontroller is used to compute and compare the value of current temperature and the set point values. LCD is used to display the result data. This result data is also sent to the microcontroller where the operator controls the whole process. Then, the signal passes to the relays to On Off case of the fan for maintaining the correct temperature. Mon Mon Aye | Aye Myat Myat Myo | Zar Chi Soe "Microcontroller Based Temperature Monitoring and Controlling System using XBee Network" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-3 | Issue-5 , August 2019, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd27842.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/electronics-and-communication-engineering/27842/microcontroller-based-temperature-monitoring-and-controlling-system-using-xbee-network/mon-mon-aye
Report ON a Remote Security System Using wireless sensor and GSM module Techn...Priyanka Tyagi
Safety is the most important requirement of home for people. With the development of IT technology, network and automatic control technology, a remote home security monitoring and alarming system becomes more and more practicable today. By combining wireless sensor network(WSN) and GSM technology, this paper designs a low-power consumption remote home security monitoring and alarming system that can detect the theft, leaking of raw gas and fire, and send alarm message to the house owner’s mobile phone .Wireless sensor network is composed of a large amount of miniature self-organizing wireless sensor nodes. By combining three kinds of technology such as sensor, micro mechatronics and wireless communication, WSN can detect, collect and deal with the object information in its covering area, and send data to the observer. In a word, WSN technology has the advantages of wide covering area, able to remote monitoring, high monitoring precision, fast network establishment and reasonable cost . GSM network has the advantages of mature technology, wide covering area, long communication distance, and sound communication effect and so on. The remote home security system presented in this paper combines so many advantages of WSN and GSM. Firstly, wherever the users are, once some dangerous instance happens in home, such as gas leaking or thief intruding, this system can send alarm short message to the users through GSM network immediately, informing people the possible dangerous circumstances in home. Secondly, the wireless sensor network established in home has the features of ease establishment, without use of cable, and low-power consumption. Intelligent home, also known as the smart residential home, is moving towards the wireless remote control, multi-media control, and high-speed data transmission. The key technology of intelligent home is compatible to household controllers and it can also meet the transmission requirements through home networking . At present, lots of integrated transport network is based on comprehensive wiring technology , limiting the system to special places, and higher cost. Currently, researches on the wireless intelligent home security surveillance system is becoming a hotspot due to its flexibility and convenience. At present, the application of intelligent home wireless communication technologies mainly include: IrDA infrared technology, Bluetooth and ZigBee technology, and so on . IrDA is a short distance for the half-duplex point-to- point communication. Besides, it’s inconvenient and of high error rate, which make IrDA not applicable to the family network communication. Bluetooth technology is limited by network capacity and it costs much. So Bluetooth technology is not suitable for the home network with a large number of nodes. ZigBee technology has the moderate transmission range and larger network capacity. Here ZigBee technology is developed in the monitoring system
Similar to Low cost smart weather station using Arduino and ZigBee (20)
Amazon products reviews classification based on machine learning, deep learni...TELKOMNIKA JOURNAL
In recent times, the trend of online shopping through e-commerce stores and websites has grown to a huge extent. Whenever a product is purchased on an e-commerce platform, people leave their reviews about the product. These reviews are very helpful for the store owners and the product’s manufacturers for the betterment of their work process as well as product quality. An automated system is proposed in this work that operates on two datasets D1 and D2 obtained from Amazon. After certain preprocessing steps, N-gram and word embedding-based features are extracted using term frequency-inverse document frequency (TF-IDF), bag of words (BoW) and global vectors (GloVe), and Word2vec, respectively. Four machine learning (ML) models support vector machines (SVM), logistic regression (RF), logistic regression (LR), multinomial Naïve Bayes (MNB), two deep learning (DL) models convolutional neural network (CNN), long-short term memory (LSTM), and standalone bidirectional encoder representations (BERT) are used to classify reviews as either positive or negative. The results obtained by the standard ML, DL models and BERT are evaluated using certain performance evaluation measures. BERT turns out to be the best-performing model in the case of D1 with an accuracy of 90% on features derived by word embedding models while the CNN provides the best accuracy of 97% upon word embedding features in the case of D2. The proposed model shows better overall performance on D2 as compared to D1.
Design, simulation, and analysis of microstrip patch antenna for wireless app...TELKOMNIKA JOURNAL
In this study, a microstrip patch antenna that works at 3.6 GHz was built and tested to see how well it works. In this work, Rogers RT/Duroid 5880 has been used as the substrate material, with a dielectric permittivity of 2.2 and a thickness of 0.3451 mm; it serves as the base for the examined antenna. The computer simulation technology (CST) studio suite is utilized to show the recommended antenna design. The goal of this study was to get a more extensive transmission capacity, a lower voltage standing wave ratio (VSWR), and a lower return loss, but the main goal was to get a higher gain, directivity, and efficiency. After simulation, the return loss, gain, directivity, bandwidth, and efficiency of the supplied antenna are found to be -17.626 dB, 9.671 dBi, 9.924 dBi, 0.2 GHz, and 97.45%, respectively. Besides, the recreation uncovered that the transfer speed side-lobe level at phi was much better than those of the earlier works, at -28.8 dB, respectively. Thus, it makes a solid contender for remote innovation and more robust communication.
Design and simulation an optimal enhanced PI controller for congestion avoida...TELKOMNIKA JOURNAL
In this paper, snake optimization algorithm (SOA) is used to find the optimal gains of an enhanced controller for controlling congestion problem in computer networks. M-file and Simulink platform is adopted to evaluate the response of the active queue management (AQM) system, a comparison with two classical controllers is done, all tuned gains of controllers are obtained using SOA method and the fitness function chose to monitor the system performance is the integral time absolute error (ITAE). Transient analysis and robust analysis is used to show the proposed controller performance, two robustness tests are applied to the AQM system, one is done by varying the size of queue value in different period and the other test is done by changing the number of transmission control protocol (TCP) sessions with a value of ± 20% from its original value. The simulation results reflect a stable and robust behavior and best performance is appeared clearly to achieve the desired queue size without any noise or any transmission problems.
Improving the detection of intrusion in vehicular ad-hoc networks with modifi...TELKOMNIKA JOURNAL
Vehicular ad-hoc networks (VANETs) are wireless-equipped vehicles that form networks along the road. The security of this network has been a major challenge. The identity-based cryptosystem (IBC) previously used to secure the networks suffers from membership authentication security features. This paper focuses on improving the detection of intruders in VANETs with a modified identity-based cryptosystem (MIBC). The MIBC is developed using a non-singular elliptic curve with Lagrange interpolation. The public key of vehicles and roadside units on the network are derived from number plates and location identification numbers, respectively. Pseudo-identities are used to mask the real identity of users to preserve their privacy. The membership authentication mechanism ensures that only valid and authenticated members of the network are allowed to join the network. The performance of the MIBC is evaluated using intrusion detection ratio (IDR) and computation time (CT) and then validated with the existing IBC. The result obtained shows that the MIBC recorded an IDR of 99.3% against 94.3% obtained for the existing identity-based cryptosystem (EIBC) for 140 unregistered vehicles attempting to intrude on the network. The MIBC shows lower CT values of 1.17 ms against 1.70 ms for EIBC. The MIBC can be used to improve the security of VANETs.
Conceptual model of internet banking adoption with perceived risk and trust f...TELKOMNIKA JOURNAL
Understanding the primary factors of internet banking (IB) acceptance is critical for both banks and users; nevertheless, our knowledge of the role of users’ perceived risk and trust in IB adoption is limited. As a result, we develop a conceptual model by incorporating perceived risk and trust into the technology acceptance model (TAM) theory toward the IB. The proper research emphasized that the most essential component in explaining IB adoption behavior is behavioral intention to use IB adoption. TAM is helpful for figuring out how elements that affect IB adoption are connected to one another. According to previous literature on IB and the use of such technology in Iraq, one has to choose a theoretical foundation that may justify the acceptance of IB from the customer’s perspective. The conceptual model was therefore constructed using the TAM as a foundation. Furthermore, perceived risk and trust were added to the TAM dimensions as external factors. The key objective of this work was to extend the TAM to construct a conceptual model for IB adoption and to get sufficient theoretical support from the existing literature for the essential elements and their relationships in order to unearth new insights about factors responsible for IB adoption.
Efficient combined fuzzy logic and LMS algorithm for smart antennaTELKOMNIKA JOURNAL
The smart antennas are broadly used in wireless communication. The least mean square (LMS) algorithm is a procedure that is concerned in controlling the smart antenna pattern to accommodate specified requirements such as steering the beam toward the desired signal, in addition to placing the deep nulls in the direction of unwanted signals. The conventional LMS (C-LMS) has some drawbacks like slow convergence speed besides high steady state fluctuation error. To overcome these shortcomings, the present paper adopts an adaptive fuzzy control step size least mean square (FC-LMS) algorithm to adjust its step size. Computer simulation outcomes illustrate that the given model has fast convergence rate as well as low mean square error steady state.
Design and implementation of a LoRa-based system for warning of forest fireTELKOMNIKA JOURNAL
This paper presents the design and implementation of a forest fire monitoring and warning system based on long range (LoRa) technology, a novel ultra-low power consumption and long-range wireless communication technology for remote sensing applications. The proposed system includes a wireless sensor network that records environmental parameters such as temperature, humidity, wind speed, and carbon dioxide (CO2) concentration in the air, as well as taking infrared photos.The data collected at each sensor node will be transmitted to the gateway via LoRa wireless transmission. Data will be collected, processed, and uploaded to a cloud database at the gateway. An Android smartphone application that allows anyone to easily view the recorded data has been developed. When a fire is detected, the system will sound a siren and send a warning message to the responsible personnel, instructing them to take appropriate action. Experiments in Tram Chim Park, Vietnam, have been conducted to verify and evaluate the operation of the system.
Wavelet-based sensing technique in cognitive radio networkTELKOMNIKA JOURNAL
Cognitive radio is a smart radio that can change its transmitter parameter based on interaction with the environment in which it operates. The demand for frequency spectrum is growing due to a big data issue as many Internet of Things (IoT) devices are in the network. Based on previous research, most frequency spectrum was used, but some spectrums were not used, called spectrum hole. Energy detection is one of the spectrum sensing methods that has been frequently used since it is easy to use and does not require license users to have any prior signal understanding. But this technique is incapable of detecting at low signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) levels. Therefore, the wavelet-based sensing is proposed to overcome this issue and detect spectrum holes. The main objective of this work is to evaluate the performance of wavelet-based sensing and compare it with the energy detection technique. The findings show that the percentage of detection in wavelet-based sensing is 83% higher than energy detection performance. This result indicates that the wavelet-based sensing has higher precision in detection and the interference towards primary user can be decreased.
A novel compact dual-band bandstop filter with enhanced rejection bandsTELKOMNIKA JOURNAL
In this paper, we present the design of a new wide dual-band bandstop filter (DBBSF) using nonuniform transmission lines. The method used to design this filter is to replace conventional uniform transmission lines with nonuniform lines governed by a truncated Fourier series. Based on how impedances are profiled in the proposed DBBSF structure, the fractional bandwidths of the two 10 dB-down rejection bands are widened to 39.72% and 52.63%, respectively, and the physical size has been reduced compared to that of the filter with the uniform transmission lines. The results of the electromagnetic (EM) simulation support the obtained analytical response and show an improved frequency behavior.
Deep learning approach to DDoS attack with imbalanced data at the application...TELKOMNIKA JOURNAL
A distributed denial of service (DDoS) attack is where one or more computers attack or target a server computer, by flooding internet traffic to the server. As a result, the server cannot be accessed by legitimate users. A result of this attack causes enormous losses for a company because it can reduce the level of user trust, and reduce the company’s reputation to lose customers due to downtime. One of the services at the application layer that can be accessed by users is a web-based lightweight directory access protocol (LDAP) service that can provide safe and easy services to access directory applications. We used a deep learning approach to detect DDoS attacks on the CICDDoS 2019 dataset on a complex computer network at the application layer to get fast and accurate results for dealing with unbalanced data. Based on the results obtained, it is observed that DDoS attack detection using a deep learning approach on imbalanced data performs better when implemented using synthetic minority oversampling technique (SMOTE) method for binary classes. On the other hand, the proposed deep learning approach performs better for detecting DDoS attacks in multiclass when implemented using the adaptive synthetic (ADASYN) method.
The appearance of uncertainties and disturbances often effects the characteristics of either linear or nonlinear systems. Plus, the stabilization process may be deteriorated thus incurring a catastrophic effect to the system performance. As such, this manuscript addresses the concept of matching condition for the systems that are suffering from miss-match uncertainties and exogeneous disturbances. The perturbation towards the system at hand is assumed to be known and unbounded. To reach this outcome, uncertainties and their classifications are reviewed thoroughly. The structural matching condition is proposed and tabulated in the proposition 1. Two types of mathematical expressions are presented to distinguish the system with matched uncertainty and the system with miss-matched uncertainty. Lastly, two-dimensional numerical expressions are provided to practice the proposed proposition. The outcome shows that matching condition has the ability to change the system to a design-friendly model for asymptotic stabilization.
Implementation of FinFET technology based low power 4×4 Wallace tree multipli...TELKOMNIKA JOURNAL
Many systems, including digital signal processors, finite impulse response (FIR) filters, application-specific integrated circuits, and microprocessors, use multipliers. The demand for low power multipliers is gradually rising day by day in the current technological trend. In this study, we describe a 4×4 Wallace multiplier based on a carry select adder (CSA) that uses less power and has a better power delay product than existing multipliers. HSPICE tool at 16 nm technology is used to simulate the results. In comparison to the traditional CSA-based multiplier, which has a power consumption of 1.7 µW and power delay product (PDP) of 57.3 fJ, the results demonstrate that the Wallace multiplier design employing CSA with first zero finding logic (FZF) logic has the lowest power consumption of 1.4 µW and PDP of 27.5 fJ.
Evaluation of the weighted-overlap add model with massive MIMO in a 5G systemTELKOMNIKA JOURNAL
The flaw in 5G orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) becomes apparent in high-speed situations. Because the doppler effect causes frequency shifts, the orthogonality of OFDM subcarriers is broken, lowering both their bit error rate (BER) and throughput output. As part of this research, we use a novel design that combines massive multiple input multiple output (MIMO) and weighted overlap and add (WOLA) to improve the performance of 5G systems. To determine which design is superior, throughput and BER are calculated for both the proposed design and OFDM. The results of the improved system show a massive improvement in performance ver the conventional system and significant improvements with massive MIMO, including the best throughput and BER. When compared to conventional systems, the improved system has a throughput that is around 22% higher and the best performance in terms of BER, but it still has around 25% less error than OFDM.
Reflector antenna design in different frequencies using frequency selective s...TELKOMNIKA JOURNAL
In this study, it is aimed to obtain two different asymmetric radiation patterns obtained from antennas in the shape of the cross-section of a parabolic reflector (fan blade type antennas) and antennas with cosecant-square radiation characteristics at two different frequencies from a single antenna. For this purpose, firstly, a fan blade type antenna design will be made, and then the reflective surface of this antenna will be completed to the shape of the reflective surface of the antenna with the cosecant-square radiation characteristic with the frequency selective surface designed to provide the characteristics suitable for the purpose. The frequency selective surface designed and it provides the perfect transmission as possible at 4 GHz operating frequency, while it will act as a band-quenching filter for electromagnetic waves at 5 GHz operating frequency and will be a reflective surface. Thanks to this frequency selective surface to be used as a reflective surface in the antenna, a fan blade type radiation characteristic at 4 GHz operating frequency will be obtained, while a cosecant-square radiation characteristic at 5 GHz operating frequency will be obtained.
Reagentless iron detection in water based on unclad fiber optical sensorTELKOMNIKA JOURNAL
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Impact of CuS counter electrode calcination temperature on quantum dot sensit...TELKOMNIKA JOURNAL
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Low cost smart weather station using Arduino and ZigBee
1. TELKOMNIKA Telecommunication, Computing, Electronics and Control
Vol. 18, No. 1, February 2020, pp. 282~288
ISSN: 1693-6930, accredited First Grade by Kemenristekdikti, Decree No: 21/E/KPT/2018
DOI: 10.12928/TELKOMNIKA.v18i1.12784 282
Journal homepage: http://journal.uad.ac.id/index.php/TELKOMNIKA
Low cost smart weather station using Arduino and ZigBee
Zaid Khudhur Hussein1
, Hadi Jameel Hadi2
, Mousa Riyadh Abdul-Mutaleb3
, Yaqeen Sabah Mezaal4
1,3,4
Al-Esraa University College, Iraq
2
Al-Mustafa University College, Iraq
Article Info ABSTRACT
Article history:
Received Mar 30, 2019
Revised Dec 17, 2019
Accepted Dec 30, 2019
This paper presents low cost-effective weather station with monitoring
system by using ZigBee communication technique that serves as
a communication channel by using hardware and sensors to transmit and
receive data in the weather station system. Using ZigBee over the Bluetooth
for the short coverage distance about (1-10 m) and over the (WLAN)
(wireless local area network) or Wi-Fi, a WLAN has limitation like delay,
lacking BW of the handover of a large amount of data, and some areas have
no internet coverage. The system includes implementation and design for
the weather station using Arduino Uno board and five sensors gives sixth
reading data (rain state, wind level, air pressure, dust density, temperature
and humidity). The data can be stored in SD card on receiving (clouding and
main processing side) from more than one transmitter node (ZigBee
Network). It can be retrieved the data in any time and date. Results showed
the system has no delay and the data reputedly changing ever second with
the new reading.
Keywords:
Arduino
Clouding
Wireless sensor networks
ZigBee
This is an open access article under the CC BY-SA license.
Corresponding Author:
Zaid Khudhur Hussein,
Al-Esraa University College,
Baghdad, Iraq.
Email: zaid.khudher@esraa.edu.iq
1. INTRODUCTION
Generally, in the worldwide, the weather is very important for people life in numerous situations of
rainy, hot, dry, dusty, and windy weather state. We must know these states before going to anywhere to take
precautions [1-3]. These precautions can be implemented by modern electronic and monitoring technologies.
Arduino is an open-source board that contains individually a physical programmable circuit boarding
(microcontroller) with a part software, or IDE which works in a PC, and writes with upload PC code in
the board (Arduino board) [4-6].
The ZigBee technique is interoperable amongst constructers with maintenances having main number
of nodes. System delivers contacting between several electronic procedures as a cooperative and graphical
interface to control these devices [7-9]. The model has a parallel processing like joining one or extra
microcontroller (built in projected system) and the interface among microcontrollers is composed to construct
master/slave procedure that employs one main (master) with one or extra (slave) microcontrollers [10].
Related works in this section discussed various approaches by using Arduino and ZigBee
technology Systems with their features. Shih-Pang Tseng et al. [11] presented smart house monitor &
supervisor (SHMS), using ZigBee techniques based on the sensors with actuators that attached via ZigBee
technique system. The design is smart socket that works by remote control by Zigbee. The computer host acts
as an information data with motion sensing and the information is transported to VM on the cloud. Nayan
and Ikhsan [9] designed and enhanced ZigBee technique that functions as a communication channel in
2. TELKOMNIKA Telecommun Comput El Control
Low cost smart weather station using Arduino and ZigBee (Zaid Khudhur Hussein)
283
the hardware with sensors based on a house automation method in smart houses. LCD has used to give
details about system receiver. ZigBee network has been used for the design and implementation effectively
on prototype to improve the house automation system. Babarao and Ramesh [12] investigated a system
identified as HEMS to decrease the power consumption in home energy. They conducted different home
appliances connected over ZigBee communication to turn on or off the home appliance. Proposed
architecture gives power saving and energy organization, and affords a security to the home by using
different sensors and GSM circuits. Jabbar and Kawitkar [13], has introduced cheap commercial
and powerful house control with monitoring system. Smart home has interfaces and practical descriptions
to confirm interoperability amongst ZigBee systems for different electrical devices, meters and smart
energy enablers. Hadi [14] has presented system design using XBee wireless technique communications,
which is able to send and receive a transmission information among central controller unit and various house
sensor nodes for reading and sending temperature, gas sensing and IR security information. The tested results
are in the wireless usage monitoring and are recognized.
In Iraq, the weather states are always changing. Temperature degree is very hot in summer, and
humidity is very high in south of Iraq as well as rainy weather in north of Iraq. To measure all these states of
data, we need devices to measure the weather states in all areas to know their states and we used the wireless
weather station device without Internet by using ZigBee Network with Arduino microcontroller and
the sensors to measure these weather states. In this paper, the system has implementation and design for
the weather station using Arduino Uno board and five sensors with sixth reading data (rain state, wind level,
air pressure, dust, temperature and humidity). The data is transmitted from the station by using Zigbee
communication technique (ZigBee Network) as the communication channel to the receiver. The weather
station doesn’t need the internet. Therefore, we can use it in any location since weather station is based on
ZigBee communication technology that has high coverage area from 120 m to 64 km.
2. RESEARCH METHOD
The main work in this paper is to propose design and implementation a weather station system.
The work has two parts (hardware and software) implementations, and block diagram for the weather station
is depicted in Figure 1.
Figure1. Block diagram of the station: (a) sender section (TX), and (b) receiver section (RX)
2.1. Hardware implementation
Hardware implementation primarily involves two Arduino Uno parts, temperature and humidity
(DHT11), two ZigBee circuits, wind speed sensor (Type (0-9V) SKU: SEN0170), BMP180 digital
barometric sensor module – model GY-68, rain sensor, dust sensor (GP2Y1010AU0F), SD memory, real
time clock (DS1307) sensor, GLCD and nextion display which are being discussed with their specific
functions.
a. Arduino Uno
Arduino is microcontroller boarding built on ATmega328P. The Arduino has 14 digital input/output
pins (6 pins which uses as PWM outputs), 6 analog inputs with 16 MHz quartz crystal, USB connection,
power jack and ICSP header with a reset switch as explained by Figure 2 [15]. Uno boarding has a series for
USB Arduino boards, with reference typical to Arduino boards.
3. ISSN: 1693-6930
TELKOMNIKA Telecommun Comput El Control, Vol. 18, No. 1, February 2020: 282 - 288
284
b. ZigBee technology
ZigBee technology works on open global standard based on IEEE 802.15.4 MAC/PHY. It defines
network layer over 802.15.4 layers that are supporting advanced mesh routing capabilities [5]. The xBee
signal uses AES encryption method. This method is a symmetric-key secret message that is in cooperation
with the transmitter node and the receiver to employ a solitary key for encrypting and decrypting. Encryption
has procedures of transforming the text words into a layout that is uneasily decipherable which is known
as cipher. The cipher is acquired by performing a sequential arithmetical operation based on iteration
levels [16].
ZigBee networking element circuit with sensors stand for modern categories for wireless, short, low
power network communication techniques with several technological advantages, such as a low complexity,
low power consumption, high cost, high efficiency, high reliability and wide network coverage area [13].
Differences among Bluetooth, WLAN and ZigBee are clarified in Table 1. The XBee module uses medium to
be as interaction with the communication module among microcontrollers and serves like wireless network
for information transfer. There are two kinds of XBee devices used for house automation: XBee S1 and XBee
S2 as depicted in Figure 3 [13]. The characteristics of the XBee S1 and S2 modules are shown in Table 2.
Table 1. Comparison of characteristics of Bluetooth, WLAN and ZigBee [9]
Characteristics Bluetooth WLAN ZigBee
Protocol (IEEE) 802.15.1 802.11 b/g 802.15.4
Range (meters 10 50-100 10-100
Data rate (bit/s) 1 M 11 & 54 M 20, 40 & 250 k
Battery lifetime (days) 7 0.5-5 >100
Operating frequency (Hz) 2.4 G 2.4 G & 5 G 868 M, 902-926 M & 2.4 G
Complexity High High Low
Power consumption (mW) 198 1050 72
Security 64 & 128 kbits IEEE 802.11i (WPA2) 128-bit AES & application layer security
Application Wireless communication Internet, website, & e-mail Control & monitoring
Table 2. The characteristics of Series 1 and Series 2 Xbee modules [13]
Series 1 Series 2
Distance (m) 30 40
Optimal range (m) 100 120
Transmitter/receiver current (mA) 45/50 40/40
Firmware 802.15.4 ZigBee
Digital input 8 11
Analog input 7 4
PWM 2 No
Point-topoint & point-to-point topology Yes Yes
Mesh & tree topologies No Yes
c. Wind speed sensor
The three-type wind speed sensor is a device that determine wind speed by using 9 V DC voltage.
Its features are high hardness, corrosion protection, waterproofness and high precision [17].
d. Barometric pressure sensor
The sensor is highly low-cost circuit to measure barometric pressure, temperature, and altitude.
The sensor is welded on PCB of a 3.3V regulator, with pull up resistors of I2 pins [18].
e. Rain sensor
The rain sensor are tools to detect rain that can be worked like switch when rain drop falls over
rainy board with the ability to measure the rain fall intensity [19].
f. Dust sensor
An infrared emitting diode with light depending resistor (LDR) phototransistor was organized on
the hardware. It can be used to find out the reflected light from dust in air [20].
g. Temperature and humidity sensor (DHT11)
The board is sensor with the ability for measuring temperature with humidity. It has high reliability,
excellent long-term stability with very fast response time [21].
h. Real time clock (DS1307)
Real time clock (RTC) is similar to the clock, works on the battery with retain time even if
the power is off [22].
i. SD memory
The SD Memory is used to store the data from sensors immediately. This data can be displayed on
nixtion touchscreen and old data can be searched at any date and time.
4. TELKOMNIKA Telecommun Comput El Control
Low cost smart weather station using Arduino and ZigBee (Zaid Khudhur Hussein)
285
Figure 2. Microcontroller board (Arduino Uno) Figure 3. XBee S1 and S2
2.2. Software implementation
The software program for the station is based on Arduino C program language. At what time
the program has completed, the system then uploads Arduino program to the microcontroller, and the device
will transmit information serially to its TX through ZigBee. In this paper, the system is based on the ZigBee
technology to receive and transmit the information. ZigBee wireless link is configured and could accept
information for other ZigBee units connected to hardware. A flowchart for weather station is depicted
in Figure 4.
(a) (b)
Figure 4. Flowchart of weather station ZigBee system: (a) Tx, (b) Rx
5. ISSN: 1693-6930
TELKOMNIKA Telecommun Comput El Control, Vol. 18, No. 1, February 2020: 282 - 288
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2.3. Experimental evolution
The weather station system has been designed by using Arduino Uno and ZigBee technology with
the sensors. The weather station has two parts; the transmitter node weather station has an Arduino Uno and
ZigBee with five sensors (wind speed sensor, pressure sensor, rain sensor, dust sensor, temperature and
humidity sensor) as well as GLCD to show the data considered for transmitter node. The receiver part
consists of an Arduino Uno and ZigBee with nextion to monitor the receiving data based on the proposed
prototype as shown in Figures 5 (a) and 5 (b). The range distance from Arduino based system station
(transmitter node) ZigBee is 1 mile, and the maximum range of ZigBee node (receiver sides or transmitter
sides) is 40 miles.
(a) (b)
Figure 5. (a) Weather station transmitter node, (b) Receiver node
3. RESULTS AND ANALYSIS
Practical improved results from data values are determined in proposed weather system.
The obtained results when station worked along one week in Baghdad Iraq from 8-12-2018 to 14 12-2018 for
six reading (temp, hum, rain, wind, pressure and dust) twice per day (7:00 AM to 4:00 PM) from
the transmitter node are shown in Tables 3 and 4. As it is shown in the tables, the difference between reading
from Table 3 (www.weather.com) and the reading from Table 4 (proposed weather station) is minimum.
The difference in temperature is about 2o
C, the difference in humidity is about 3%, no difference in rain
status, the difference in wind speed is about 1 KMH, and the difference in pressure is about 1 MB.
Table 3. Weather data from www.Weather.com
Time Sat Sun Mon Tus Wed Thu Fri
Temp
7:00 AM
4:00 PM
12oc
17oc
15oc
13oc
14oc
12oc
20oc
18oc
15oc
18oc
12oc
14oc
8oc
17oc
Hum
7:00 AM
4:00 PM
91%
74%
82%
87%
82%
97%
96%
63%
91%
70%
94%
68%
91%
58%
Rain
7:00 AM
4:00 PM
LIGHT RAIN
NO RAIN
Sunny
Sunny
RAIN
Sunny
Sunny
Sunny
Sunny
Sunny
Sunny
Sunny
Sunny
Sunny
Wind
7:00 AM
4:00 PM
18 KMH
10 KMH
10 KMH
10 KMH
18 KMH
11 KMH
5 KMH
3 KMH
8 KMH
11 KMH
11 KMH
5 KMH
8 KMH
3 KMH
Pre
7:00 AM
4:00 PM
1019 MB
1020 MB
1021 MB
1021 MB
1021 MB
1021 MB
1021 MB
1021 MB
1020 MB
1020 MB
1021 MB
1021 MB
1019 MB
1019 MB
For the first day (8 December 2018) from the week the reading for both in www.weather .com and
the proposed weather station were calculated. The Temperature reading was (11oC) determined by prototype
weather station and the reading from www.weather.com was (12oC) and the difference is (1% oC) between
them. For the Humidity reading, it was (90%) determined by prototype weather station and the reading from
www.weather.com was (91%) and the difference is about (1% oC) between them. For the Pressure reading,
6. TELKOMNIKA Telecommun Comput El Control
Low cost smart weather station using Arduino and ZigBee (Zaid Khudhur Hussein)
287
it was (1018 MB) was determined by prototype weather station and the reading from www.weather.com was
(1019 MB) and the difference was about (1 MB) between them. For the Rain status reading, it was (rain)
determined by prototype weather station, and the reading from www.weather.com was (light rain). For
the wind speed reading, it was (17 KMH) determined by prototype weather station and the reading from
www.weather.com was (18 KMH) and the difference is about (1) between them. The performance and data
storages can be enhanced by cloud and internet of thing (IoT) technologies [23, 24]. In addition,
the proposed weather station monitoring results can be adjusted by genetic algorithm (GA) as an optimization
tool to enhance any wanted reading [25].
Table 4. Weather data from proposed weather station
Time Sat Sun Mon Tus Wed Thu Fri
Temp
7:00 AM
4:00 PM
11oc
16oc
16oc
12.5oc
13oc
11oc
21oc
18oc
13.5oc
17oc
12oc
13oc
8oc
16oc
Hum
7:00 AM
4:00 PM
90%
73%
84%
88%
84%
94%
92%
60%
91%
73%
92%
70%
88%
58%
Rain
7:00 AM
4:00 PM
RAIN
NO RAIN
Sunny
Sunny
RAIN
Sunny
Sunny
Sunny
Sunny
Sunny
Sunny
Sunny
Sunny
Sunny
Wind
7:00 AM
4:00 PM
17 KMH
11 KMH
10 KMH
11 KMH
17 KMH
10 KMH
6 KMH
3 KMH
7 KMH
10 KMH
10 KMH
6 KMH
8 KMH
3 KMH
Pre
7:00 AM
4:00 PM
1018 MB
1019 MB
1022 MB
1021 MB
1021 MB
1021 MB
1021 MB
1020 MB
1020 MB
1021 MB
1022 MB
1020 MB
1020 MB
1019 MB
Dust
7:00 AM
4:00 PM
0.07
0.09
0.06
0.07
0.09
0.1
0.08
0.09
0.07
0.07
0.06
0.08
0.07
0.06
4. CONCLUSION
In this paper, prototype system for low cost-effective weather station with monitoring system by
using Arduino Uno and ZigBee communication technique, to transmit and receive the weather data has
presented. It has feasibilities for six reading data (rain state, wind level, air pressure, dust density, and
temperature and humidity). The data can be saved in SD card on receiving (clouding and main processing
sides) from more than one transmitter node (ZigBee Network). It can be retrieved the data in any time and
date. The difference in results from proposed weather system compared with (www.weather.com) is very
good in all readings that calculated form the proposed weather station that gives an evidence that proposed
model has tolerable performance to be applied reliably without internet connection in any area of Iraq.
REFERENCES
[1] H. Saini, A. Thakur, S. Ahuja, N. Sabharwal, N. Kumar, “Arduino based automatic wireless weather station with
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