This presentation discusses logarithmic amplifiers, which are electronic devices that convert an exponential input signal into a linear output response. Logarithmic amplifiers are useful for processing signals that vary widely in amplitude, such as in radio frequency communication and audio applications, as they can compress a wide dynamic input range into a more manageable linear output range. The presentation covers the basic circuit diagram of a logarithmic amplifier using a transistor diode configuration, and explains that the output voltage is proportional to the natural logarithm of the input voltage for a fixed resistance value. Applications of logarithmic amplifiers include mathematical operations, decibel measurement, and true RMS conversion.
Presentation on Op-amp by Sourabh kumarSourabh Kumar
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Presentation on Op-amp(Operational Amplifier) by Sourabh kumar. B.tech Presentation,
Presentation on Op-amp by Sourabh kumarSourabh Kumar
Visit Andro Root ( http:\\www.androroot.com ) for Tech. news and Smartphones.
Presentation on Op-amp(Operational Amplifier) by Sourabh kumar. B.tech Presentation,
Overview of Crystal Oscillator Circuit Working and Its Applicationelprocus
A crystal oscillator is an electronic oscillator circuit which is used for the mechanical resonance of a vibrating crystal of piezoelectric material. It will create an electrical signal with a given frequency. This frequency is commonly used to keep track of time.
This presentation contains the basic information you need to know about operational amplifier.
I have tried to cover all the basic info. If anything is left out or you have any suggestions i will appreciate it.
Details: https://electronicsembeddedworld.blogspot.com/2018/06/performance-management-mcq.html
FM demodulation involves changing the frequency variations in a signal into amplitude variations at baseband, e.g. audio. There are several techniques and circuits that can be used each with its own advantages and disadvantages.
In any radio that is designed to receive frequency modulated signals there is some form of FM demodulator or detector. This circuit takes in frequency modulated RF signals and takes the modulation from the signal to output only the modulation that had been applied at the transmitter.
There are several types of FM detector / demodulator that can be used. Some types were more popular in the days when radios were made from discrete devices, but nowadays the PLL based detector and quadrature / coincidence detectors are the most widely used as they lend themselves to being incorporated into integrated circuits very easily...
introduce the basic modulation tech (PSK, FSK, QAM etc)
and comparison between them.
ref : Communication System (4ed, Haykin)
this ppt is for my seminar
Overview of Crystal Oscillator Circuit Working and Its Applicationelprocus
A crystal oscillator is an electronic oscillator circuit which is used for the mechanical resonance of a vibrating crystal of piezoelectric material. It will create an electrical signal with a given frequency. This frequency is commonly used to keep track of time.
This presentation contains the basic information you need to know about operational amplifier.
I have tried to cover all the basic info. If anything is left out or you have any suggestions i will appreciate it.
Details: https://electronicsembeddedworld.blogspot.com/2018/06/performance-management-mcq.html
FM demodulation involves changing the frequency variations in a signal into amplitude variations at baseband, e.g. audio. There are several techniques and circuits that can be used each with its own advantages and disadvantages.
In any radio that is designed to receive frequency modulated signals there is some form of FM demodulator or detector. This circuit takes in frequency modulated RF signals and takes the modulation from the signal to output only the modulation that had been applied at the transmitter.
There are several types of FM detector / demodulator that can be used. Some types were more popular in the days when radios were made from discrete devices, but nowadays the PLL based detector and quadrature / coincidence detectors are the most widely used as they lend themselves to being incorporated into integrated circuits very easily...
introduce the basic modulation tech (PSK, FSK, QAM etc)
and comparison between them.
ref : Communication System (4ed, Haykin)
this ppt is for my seminar
EDC Unit-4 Operational Amplifiers (Op-Amps) | RGPV De BunkersRGPV De Bunkers
Electronic Devices & Circuits - Operational Amplifiers (Op-Amps)
University Name: Rajiv Gandhi Proudyogiki Vishwavidyalaya, Bhopal
System: CBCS/CBGS
Program: Bachelor of Engineering in Computer Science
Semester: 3
Subject: Electronic Devices & Circuits
Description:
This comprehensive PDF study material explores Operational Amplifiers (Op-Amps) in Electronic Devices & Circuits for Semester 3 of the Bachelor of Engineering in Computer Science program at Rajiv Gandhi Proudyogiki Vishwavidyalaya, Bhopal.
Op-Amps are fundamental in analog circuits, known for their versatility and high gain. Topics covered include Op-Amp characteristics (high input impedance, low output impedance, etc.), slew rate, full power bandwidth, offset voltage, bias current, and practical applications like inverting/non-inverting amplifiers, differentiators, integrators, differential amplifiers, instrumentation amplifiers, and more.
This resource equips students to design and analyze electronic circuits, addressing real-world engineering challenges in communication systems, signal processing, instrumentation, etc.
Introduction to Linear ICs– BJT differential amplifier-Operational amplifier IC 741–Block diagram and Characteristics - Inverting, non inverting and difference amplifier – Adder, Subtractor, Integrator, Differentiator-Comparator- Window detector- Regenerative comparator (Schmitttrigger) - Precision rectifier- Current to voltage converter – Voltage to current converter
-Log and antilog amplifiers- Instrumentation amplifiers.
Design of Low Power & High Speed Comparator with 0.18μm Technology for ADC Ap...IJERA Editor
In Analog to Digital Converter (ADC), high speed comparator influences the overall performance of ADC directly. This paper presents the high speed & low power design of a CMOS comparator. Schematic design of this comparator is fabricated in a 0.18μm UMC Technology with 1.8V power supply and simulated in cadence Virtuoso. Simulation results are presented and it shows that this design can work under high speed of 0.8108 GHz. The design has a low offset voltage, low power dissipation 108.0318μw. In addition we have verified present results with schematic view design and also compared these results with earlier reported work and got improvement in this reported work.
Overview of the fundamental roles in Hydropower generation and the components involved in wider Electrical Engineering.
This paper presents the design and construction of hydroelectric dams from the hydrologist’s survey of the valley before construction, all aspects and involved disciplines, fluid dynamics, structural engineering, generation and mains frequency regulation to the very transmission of power through the network in the United Kingdom.
Author: Robbie Edward Sayers
Collaborators and co editors: Charlie Sims and Connor Healey.
(C) 2024 Robbie E. Sayers
CFD Simulation of By-pass Flow in a HRSG module by R&R Consult.pptxR&R Consult
CFD analysis is incredibly effective at solving mysteries and improving the performance of complex systems!
Here's a great example: At a large natural gas-fired power plant, where they use waste heat to generate steam and energy, they were puzzled that their boiler wasn't producing as much steam as expected.
R&R and Tetra Engineering Group Inc. were asked to solve the issue with reduced steam production.
An inspection had shown that a significant amount of hot flue gas was bypassing the boiler tubes, where the heat was supposed to be transferred.
R&R Consult conducted a CFD analysis, which revealed that 6.3% of the flue gas was bypassing the boiler tubes without transferring heat. The analysis also showed that the flue gas was instead being directed along the sides of the boiler and between the modules that were supposed to capture the heat. This was the cause of the reduced performance.
Based on our results, Tetra Engineering installed covering plates to reduce the bypass flow. This improved the boiler's performance and increased electricity production.
It is always satisfying when we can help solve complex challenges like this. Do your systems also need a check-up or optimization? Give us a call!
Work done in cooperation with James Malloy and David Moelling from Tetra Engineering.
More examples of our work https://www.r-r-consult.dk/en/cases-en/
Hierarchical Digital Twin of a Naval Power SystemKerry Sado
A hierarchical digital twin of a Naval DC power system has been developed and experimentally verified. Similar to other state-of-the-art digital twins, this technology creates a digital replica of the physical system executed in real-time or faster, which can modify hardware controls. However, its advantage stems from distributing computational efforts by utilizing a hierarchical structure composed of lower-level digital twin blocks and a higher-level system digital twin. Each digital twin block is associated with a physical subsystem of the hardware and communicates with a singular system digital twin, which creates a system-level response. By extracting information from each level of the hierarchy, power system controls of the hardware were reconfigured autonomously. This hierarchical digital twin development offers several advantages over other digital twins, particularly in the field of naval power systems. The hierarchical structure allows for greater computational efficiency and scalability while the ability to autonomously reconfigure hardware controls offers increased flexibility and responsiveness. The hierarchical decomposition and models utilized were well aligned with the physical twin, as indicated by the maximum deviations between the developed digital twin hierarchy and the hardware.
Saudi Arabia stands as a titan in the global energy landscape, renowned for its abundant oil and gas resources. It's the largest exporter of petroleum and holds some of the world's most significant reserves. Let's delve into the top 10 oil and gas projects shaping Saudi Arabia's energy future in 2024.
Final project report on grocery store management system..pdfKamal Acharya
In today’s fast-changing business environment, it’s extremely important to be able to respond to client needs in the most effective and timely manner. If your customers wish to see your business online and have instant access to your products or services.
Online Grocery Store is an e-commerce website, which retails various grocery products. This project allows viewing various products available enables registered users to purchase desired products instantly using Paytm, UPI payment processor (Instant Pay) and also can place order by using Cash on Delivery (Pay Later) option. This project provides an easy access to Administrators and Managers to view orders placed using Pay Later and Instant Pay options.
In order to develop an e-commerce website, a number of Technologies must be studied and understood. These include multi-tiered architecture, server and client-side scripting techniques, implementation technologies, programming language (such as PHP, HTML, CSS, JavaScript) and MySQL relational databases. This is a project with the objective to develop a basic website where a consumer is provided with a shopping cart website and also to know about the technologies used to develop such a website.
This document will discuss each of the underlying technologies to create and implement an e- commerce website.
Welcome to WIPAC Monthly the magazine brought to you by the LinkedIn Group Water Industry Process Automation & Control.
In this month's edition, along with this month's industry news to celebrate the 13 years since the group was created we have articles including
A case study of the used of Advanced Process Control at the Wastewater Treatment works at Lleida in Spain
A look back on an article on smart wastewater networks in order to see how the industry has measured up in the interim around the adoption of Digital Transformation in the Water Industry.
Water scarcity is the lack of fresh water resources to meet the standard water demand. There are two type of water scarcity. One is physical. The other is economic water scarcity.
1. A PRESENTATION ON
LOGARITHMIC AMPLIFIERS
PRESENTEDBY;BIJOYDIPTAGHOSH
ELECTRICALENGINEERING
2ND YEAR(3RD SEM)
11101622011
2. INTRODUCTION
Logarithmic amplifiers, also known as log amps, are electronic
devices designed to convert an input signal's exponential relationship
into a linear output response. They are commonly used in various
applications, including signal processing, communication systems, and
measurement instruments. The primary function of logarithmic
amplifiers is to compress a wide dynamic range of input signal
amplitudes into a more manageable linear range at the output. This is
particularly useful when dealing with signals that span several orders of
magnitude, such as in Radio Frequency communication or audio
applications. By utilizing logarithmic amplifiers, it becomes easier to
accurately process and measure signals that vary widely in amplitude..
The logarithmic amplifiers' ability to convert exponential signals into
linear ones makes them valuable components in various electronic
systems, contributing to improved signal-to-noise ratio and overall
performance.
3. CONTENTS
TOPICS COVERED HERE:
WHAT IS LOGARITHMIC AMPLIFIER
APPLICATIONS OF LOGARITHMIC AMPLIFIERS
CIRCUIT DIAGRAM
TRANS DIODE CONFIGURATION (RELATION BETWEEN OUTPUT
VOLTAGE WITH THE INPUT VOLTAGE AND THE FIXED RESISTENCE)
Conclusion
references
4. WHAT IS LOGARITHMIC AMPLIFIER
A log amplifier is an amplifier for which the
output voltage V0 is k times the natural log of the
input voltage Vi, this can be expressed as:
V0=k log ((Vi/ Vr)) ,where Vr is the normalization
constant in volts and K is the scale factor.
The term log amp is generally used in
communication technology, refers to calculate log
of an input signal’s envelope. All logarithmic
amplifiers must therefore specify a signal range
over which they will “log”.
5. APPLICATIONS OF LOGARITHMIC AMPLIFIERS
Logarithmic Amplifiers can be used in many ways,such
as:
To perform mathamatical operations like
multiplication , division , exponentiation.
To calculate the db value of a given quantity
As a true RMS converter
7. TRANS DIODE CONFIGURATION
According to the virtual short concept, the voltage at the inverting input terminal of an op-amp will be
equal to the voltage at its non-inverting input terminal. So, the voltage at the inverting input terminal
will be zero volts.
The nodal equation at the inverting input terminal’s node is −
(O-Vi)/R1 + If=O
If=Vi/R1---------->Equation 1
The following is the equation for current flowing through a diode, when it is in forward bias −
If=Is e^(Vf/nVt)-------->Equation 2
where,
Is is the saturation current of the diode,
Vf is the voltage drop across diode, when it is in forward bias,
Vt is the diode’s thermal equivalent voltage.
The KVL equation around the feedback loop of the op amp will be −
O-Vf-Vo=O
Vf=-V0
Substituting the value of Vf in Equation 2, we get −
If=Is e^(-V0/nVt)
(Vi/R1)=Is e^(-V0/nVt)
ln(Vi/R1Is)=-V0/nRt
V0=-nRtln(Vi/R1Is)
Hence,the output voltage Vo will be proportional to the natural logarithm of the input voltage Vi for a fixed
value of resistance R1. V0 has a negative sign, which indicates that there exists a 1800 phase
difference between the input and the output.
8. CONCLUSION
In summery ,Dc log amp ICs have evoled into small
,easy-to-use, cost effective circuits nicely suited for
certain analog designs. The logarithmic function
convinently compresses wide dynamic range signals
and linearizes sensors with(semi-) exponential
transfer functions.Calibration procedures can
enhance log-amp performance, but are not
necessery in all applications.