The document summarizes the local government system of Pakistan. It defines local government and describes its different levels including union government, tehsil government, and district government. It outlines the history of local government in Pakistan from pre-independence to the current system. It discusses the advantages and disadvantages of local government and the roles, functions, and financial autonomy of local governments. It also examines some problems faced by local governments in Pakistan and provides suggestions for improving the system.
Importance of Local Government in Democracy and Good GovernanceBilal yousaf
This presentation has discuss the importance of local government in democracy and good governance. The brief introduction of Local Government, Democracy and Good Governance are included with special focus on the importance of Local government.
Local Government Reforms in Pakistan: Context, Content and Causes fatanews
This paper examines the recent decentralization reforms in Pakistan under
General Musharraf. We highlight major aspects of this reform and analyze its
evolution in a historical context to better understand potential causes behind this
current decentralization. Analyzing the evolution of local government reforms in
Pakistan is interesting because each of the three major reform experiments has
been instituted at the behest of a non-representative centre using a ‘top down’
approach. Each of these reform experiments is a complementary change to a
wider constitutional reengineering strategy devised to further centralization of
political power in the hands of the non-representative centre. We argue that the
design of the local government reforms in these contexts becomes endogenous to
the centralization objectives of the non-representative centre. It is hoped that
analyzing the Pakistani experience will help shed light on the positive political
economy question of why non-representative regimes have been willing
proponents of decentralization to the local level.
Importance of Local Government in Democracy and Good GovernanceBilal yousaf
This presentation has discuss the importance of local government in democracy and good governance. The brief introduction of Local Government, Democracy and Good Governance are included with special focus on the importance of Local government.
Local Government Reforms in Pakistan: Context, Content and Causes fatanews
This paper examines the recent decentralization reforms in Pakistan under
General Musharraf. We highlight major aspects of this reform and analyze its
evolution in a historical context to better understand potential causes behind this
current decentralization. Analyzing the evolution of local government reforms in
Pakistan is interesting because each of the three major reform experiments has
been instituted at the behest of a non-representative centre using a ‘top down’
approach. Each of these reform experiments is a complementary change to a
wider constitutional reengineering strategy devised to further centralization of
political power in the hands of the non-representative centre. We argue that the
design of the local government reforms in these contexts becomes endogenous to
the centralization objectives of the non-representative centre. It is hoped that
analyzing the Pakistani experience will help shed light on the positive political
economy question of why non-representative regimes have been willing
proponents of decentralization to the local level.
Public Policy Formulation and Analysis-3: Public Policy Formulation in PakistanShahid Hussain Raja
This is part 3 of the 3-part Course on Public Policy Formulation.
This course explains the way policies are formulated, the steps involved and the activities to be performed in the various steps.
It also explains the main features of a good public policy and discusses it with reference to policy formulation in Pakistan
In this presentation, we will be discussing the features of public policy formulation in a developing country like Pakistan
Lecture slide deck on Local Government.
This was for a class on Philippine Politics and Governance that I taught between 2003-2005.
http://brianbelen.blogspot.com
problems and nature of federalism in Pakistan. the nature of federalism according to 1956, 1962, 1973 constitution of Pakistan and causes which embittered the relationships.
Different Regimes of Governance in Pakistan, Ayub Khan Zia ul Haq Pervaiz Musharaf, Un-elected institutions are more powerful then Representative Parliament, Martial Law in Pakistan, Democracy in Pakistan, Governance in Pakistan, Dictatorship in Pakistan, Impact on Economy in Dictatorship.
Public Policy Formulation and Analysis-3: Public Policy Formulation in PakistanShahid Hussain Raja
This is part 3 of the 3-part Course on Public Policy Formulation.
This course explains the way policies are formulated, the steps involved and the activities to be performed in the various steps.
It also explains the main features of a good public policy and discusses it with reference to policy formulation in Pakistan
In this presentation, we will be discussing the features of public policy formulation in a developing country like Pakistan
Lecture slide deck on Local Government.
This was for a class on Philippine Politics and Governance that I taught between 2003-2005.
http://brianbelen.blogspot.com
problems and nature of federalism in Pakistan. the nature of federalism according to 1956, 1962, 1973 constitution of Pakistan and causes which embittered the relationships.
Different Regimes of Governance in Pakistan, Ayub Khan Zia ul Haq Pervaiz Musharaf, Un-elected institutions are more powerful then Representative Parliament, Martial Law in Pakistan, Democracy in Pakistan, Governance in Pakistan, Dictatorship in Pakistan, Impact on Economy in Dictatorship.
This paper presents an empirical justification of participation of common people in different factors of administration through the policy of decentralization. The background structure of the paper mainly based on the developing country oriented social structure. Through this paper, we can also understand the heterogeneity in the administrative structure. Under this differentiate structure this paper tries to understand the extent of participation of the common people in the administrative decision. In the conclusion part, here in this paper, we try to define the term “Citizen Participation” through the idea of redistribution of administrative power among the civic society for getting an affluent society.
A review on 'Local Governance and Development - The Kerala Experience', a paper published in the journal of the development and research organisation for nature, arts and heritage, Volume III, issue 2. It was a special issue on JnnURM published in 2006.
4th edition mechanics of materials by beer johnston (solution manual)Faizan Shabbir
https://scitechentertainment.blogspot.com/search?label=BOOKS
for more books; please visit above link.
Please gain knowledge and share with others. if you need any other free book related to MECHANICAL ENGINEERING. mail me faizanhitec@gmail.com . . .
Determining the mechanical power of turbineFaizan Shabbir
Determining the mechanical power of turbine
o Objective :
To determine the mechanical power produced by turbine
o Theory background :
• Hydraulic machines :
Hydraulic machines are machinery and tools that use liquid fluid power to do simple work.
• Types of hydraulic machines :
Impulse turbines (e.g. Pelton wheel)
Reaction turbines (e.g. Francis turbine)
• Tachometer :
This instrument is used to find RPM . Usually 3 values of RPM are taken and then their average is used.
Head losses
Major Losses
Minor Losses
Definition • Dimensional Analysis • Types • Darcy Weisbech Equation • Major Losses • Minor Losses • Causes Head Losses
3. • Head loss is loss of energy per unit weight. • Head = Energy of Fluid / Weight • Head losses can be – Kinetic Head – Potential Head – Pressure Head 6/10/2015 4Danial Gondal Head Loss
4. • Kinetic Head – K.H. = kinetic energy / Weight = v² /2g • Potential Head – P.H = Potential Energy / Weight = mgz /mg = z • Pressure Head – P.H = P/ ρ g 6/10/2015 5
5. • (P/ ρ g) + (v² /2g ) + (z) = constant • (FL-2F-1L3LT-2L-1T2) + (L2T-2L1T2)+(L) = constant • (L) + (L) + (L) = constant • As L represent height so it is dimensionally L. 6/10/2015 6 Dimensional Analysis
6. • However the equation (P/ ρ g) + (v² /2g ) + (z) = constant Is valid for Bernoulli's Inviscid flow case. As we are studying viscous flow so (P1/ ρ g) + (v1² /2g ) + (z1) = EGL1(Energy Grade Line At point 1) (P2/ ρ g) + (v2² /2g ) + (z2) = EGL2(Energy Grade Line At point 2) 6/10/2015 7 Head Loss
7. • For Inviscid Flow EGL1 - EGL2= 0 • For Viscous Flow EGL1 - EGL2= Hf 6/10/2015 8 Head Loss
8. MAJOR LOSSES IN PIPES
9. •Friction loss is the loss of energy or “head” that occurs in pipe flow due to viscous effects generated by the surface of the pipe. • Friction Loss is considered as a "major loss" •In mechanical systems such as internal combustion engines, it refers to the power lost overcoming the friction between two moving surfaces. •This energy drop is dependent on the wall shear stress (τ) between the fluid and pipe surface. 6/10/2015 10 Friction Loss
10. •The shear stress of a flow is also dependent on whether the flow is turbulent or laminar. •For turbulent flow, the pressure drop is dependent on the roughness of the surface. •In laminar flow, the roughness effects of the wall are negligible because, in turbulent flow, a thin viscous layer is formed near the pipe surface that causes a loss in energy, while in laminar flow, this viscous layer is non-existent. 6/10/2015 11 Friction Loss
11. Frictional head losses are losses due to shear stress on the pipe walls. The general equation for head loss due to friction is the Darcy-Weisbach equation, which is where f = Darcy-Weisbach friction factor, L = length of pipe, D = pipe diameter, and V = cross sectional average flow velocity.
Read| The latest issue of The Challenger is here! We are thrilled to announce that our school paper has qualified for the NATIONAL SCHOOLS PRESS CONFERENCE (NSPC) 2024. Thank you for your unwavering support and trust. Dive into the stories that made us stand out!
We all have good and bad thoughts from time to time and situation to situation. We are bombarded daily with spiraling thoughts(both negative and positive) creating all-consuming feel , making us difficult to manage with associated suffering. Good thoughts are like our Mob Signal (Positive thought) amidst noise(negative thought) in the atmosphere. Negative thoughts like noise outweigh positive thoughts. These thoughts often create unwanted confusion, trouble, stress and frustration in our mind as well as chaos in our physical world. Negative thoughts are also known as “distorted thinking”.
Operation “Blue Star” is the only event in the history of Independent India where the state went into war with its own people. Even after about 40 years it is not clear if it was culmination of states anger over people of the region, a political game of power or start of dictatorial chapter in the democratic setup.
The people of Punjab felt alienated from main stream due to denial of their just demands during a long democratic struggle since independence. As it happen all over the word, it led to militant struggle with great loss of lives of military, police and civilian personnel. Killing of Indira Gandhi and massacre of innocent Sikhs in Delhi and other India cities was also associated with this movement.
The French Revolution, which began in 1789, was a period of radical social and political upheaval in France. It marked the decline of absolute monarchies, the rise of secular and democratic republics, and the eventual rise of Napoleon Bonaparte. This revolutionary period is crucial in understanding the transition from feudalism to modernity in Europe.
For more information, visit-www.vavaclasses.com
Students, digital devices and success - Andreas Schleicher - 27 May 2024..pptxEduSkills OECD
Andreas Schleicher presents at the OECD webinar ‘Digital devices in schools: detrimental distraction or secret to success?’ on 27 May 2024. The presentation was based on findings from PISA 2022 results and the webinar helped launch the PISA in Focus ‘Managing screen time: How to protect and equip students against distraction’ https://www.oecd-ilibrary.org/education/managing-screen-time_7c225af4-en and the OECD Education Policy Perspective ‘Students, digital devices and success’ can be found here - https://oe.cd/il/5yV
How to Create Map Views in the Odoo 17 ERPCeline George
The map views are useful for providing a geographical representation of data. They allow users to visualize and analyze the data in a more intuitive manner.
The Roman Empire A Historical Colossus.pdfkaushalkr1407
The Roman Empire, a vast and enduring power, stands as one of history's most remarkable civilizations, leaving an indelible imprint on the world. It emerged from the Roman Republic, transitioning into an imperial powerhouse under the leadership of Augustus Caesar in 27 BCE. This transformation marked the beginning of an era defined by unprecedented territorial expansion, architectural marvels, and profound cultural influence.
The empire's roots lie in the city of Rome, founded, according to legend, by Romulus in 753 BCE. Over centuries, Rome evolved from a small settlement to a formidable republic, characterized by a complex political system with elected officials and checks on power. However, internal strife, class conflicts, and military ambitions paved the way for the end of the Republic. Julius Caesar’s dictatorship and subsequent assassination in 44 BCE created a power vacuum, leading to a civil war. Octavian, later Augustus, emerged victorious, heralding the Roman Empire’s birth.
Under Augustus, the empire experienced the Pax Romana, a 200-year period of relative peace and stability. Augustus reformed the military, established efficient administrative systems, and initiated grand construction projects. The empire's borders expanded, encompassing territories from Britain to Egypt and from Spain to the Euphrates. Roman legions, renowned for their discipline and engineering prowess, secured and maintained these vast territories, building roads, fortifications, and cities that facilitated control and integration.
The Roman Empire’s society was hierarchical, with a rigid class system. At the top were the patricians, wealthy elites who held significant political power. Below them were the plebeians, free citizens with limited political influence, and the vast numbers of slaves who formed the backbone of the economy. The family unit was central, governed by the paterfamilias, the male head who held absolute authority.
Culturally, the Romans were eclectic, absorbing and adapting elements from the civilizations they encountered, particularly the Greeks. Roman art, literature, and philosophy reflected this synthesis, creating a rich cultural tapestry. Latin, the Roman language, became the lingua franca of the Western world, influencing numerous modern languages.
Roman architecture and engineering achievements were monumental. They perfected the arch, vault, and dome, constructing enduring structures like the Colosseum, Pantheon, and aqueducts. These engineering marvels not only showcased Roman ingenuity but also served practical purposes, from public entertainment to water supply.
2024.06.01 Introducing a competency framework for languag learning materials ...Sandy Millin
http://sandymillin.wordpress.com/iateflwebinar2024
Published classroom materials form the basis of syllabuses, drive teacher professional development, and have a potentially huge influence on learners, teachers and education systems. All teachers also create their own materials, whether a few sentences on a blackboard, a highly-structured fully-realised online course, or anything in between. Despite this, the knowledge and skills needed to create effective language learning materials are rarely part of teacher training, and are mostly learnt by trial and error.
Knowledge and skills frameworks, generally called competency frameworks, for ELT teachers, trainers and managers have existed for a few years now. However, until I created one for my MA dissertation, there wasn’t one drawing together what we need to know and do to be able to effectively produce language learning materials.
This webinar will introduce you to my framework, highlighting the key competencies I identified from my research. It will also show how anybody involved in language teaching (any language, not just English!), teacher training, managing schools or developing language learning materials can benefit from using the framework.
This is a presentation by Dada Robert in a Your Skill Boost masterclass organised by the Excellence Foundation for South Sudan (EFSS) on Saturday, the 25th and Sunday, the 26th of May 2024.
He discussed the concept of quality improvement, emphasizing its applicability to various aspects of life, including personal, project, and program improvements. He defined quality as doing the right thing at the right time in the right way to achieve the best possible results and discussed the concept of the "gap" between what we know and what we do, and how this gap represents the areas we need to improve. He explained the scientific approach to quality improvement, which involves systematic performance analysis, testing and learning, and implementing change ideas. He also highlighted the importance of client focus and a team approach to quality improvement.
Ethnobotany and Ethnopharmacology:
Ethnobotany in herbal drug evaluation,
Impact of Ethnobotany in traditional medicine,
New development in herbals,
Bio-prospecting tools for drug discovery,
Role of Ethnopharmacology in drug evaluation,
Reverse Pharmacology.
Chapter 3 - Islamic Banking Products and Services.pptx
Local government presentation
1. “Internationalism is in
any case hostile to
democracy. The only
purely popular
government is local,
and founded on local
knowledge. The
citizens can rule the
city because they
know the city.’’
― G.K. Chesterton
3. GROUP MEMBERS:
• Muhammad Haris Bakhtiar Khan Niazi (Group Leader)
• Muhammad Zaid Abbasi
• Syed Noor-ul-Islam
• Shaban Sarwar
• Shehryar Mehmood
• Waseem Sarwar
• Shahwaiz Sheikh
• Ahmed Javed
• Muhammad Ammar Akram
4. W H A T
I S
L O C A L
G O V E R N M E N T?
An administrative body for a small
geographic area, such as a city, town,
county, or state.
Local governments can elect officials,
enact taxes, and do many other things that
a national government would do, just on a
smaller scale.
5. Further Explanation:
Local government is a form of public administration which exists as
the lowest tier of administration within a given state.
In federal states, 3rd or sometimes 4th tier whereas in unitary states,
2nd or 3rd tier of government, often with greater powers than higher-
level administrative divisions.
The success of public administration and governance relies heavily on
the extent of municipal autonomy.
The institutions of local government vary greatly between countries,
and even where similar arrangements exist, the terminology often
varies.
7. ADVANTAGES:
• Decentralization provides a framework which facilitates and increases local
sustainable development throughout all regions of the country.
• Devolution represents the most effective means to decrease concentration of
power at the centre, which is a salient feature of the existing governance model,
and which is contrary to several basic features of good governance, e.g. openness,
transparency, fairness.
• Local Government increases efficiency in determining service provision. In a
decentralized, local system, citizens can influence decisions about service
provisions through means which enable them to indicate the type, level & quality
of services they desire, and the cost they are willing to pay for such services.
• Local Government facilitates a better solution of public affairs. The creation of
strong local governments with the capacity to effectively manage local affairs
enables central government to concentrate on higher level functions
8. DISADVANTAGES:
• Since different regions are different in terms of natural resources, level of
economic activities, land values, etc so Inter-regional inequalities may increase, and
thus widening intra-national poverty gaps and encouraging politically destabilizing
forces.
• Local Administrations can bring higher risks of resource capture by local elites or
special interest groups. Without adequate safeguards, there is a risk that powerful
or well placed local elites may be able to capture the resources/powers allocated
and use these resources/powers for their own benefit.
• A frequently advanced argument in support of centralization is that of limited
financial resources. The reason of this argument is that particularly in relatively
small states, they have limited resources and cannot allocate different budgets for
different local administrations.
• Inadequate implementation arrangements can lead to disparity between the
revenue available and the mandated responsibilities of local government, which
could render them ineffective and/or bring them in disrepute.
9. HISTORY OF LOCAL GOVERNMENT IN PAKISTAN
The Pre-Independence period
Post Independence up to Ayub Khan
Ayub Khan’s Regime
Zia and Post Zia Period
New Devolution of Power Plan (Musharraf’s Plan)
10. INTRODUCTION OF L.G.S IN PAKISTAN (continued….)
The Ayub Period:
In 1958, Ayub Khan dissolved the government and established local
governments in the form of “Basic Democracies.”
BDs were used by Ayub to legitimize his essentially unitary new
Presidential Constitution (1962), which gave effective state power to the
armed forces through the office of the President.
The 1962 constitution linked the office of the President to the newly
created local bodies by declaring the 80,000 Basic Democrats as the
Electoral College for the election of the President and national and
provincial assemblies.
11. Zia and Post Zia Period:
After a nascent period under Bhutto, local governments
were revived by General Zia ul Haq in 1979-85.
Like Ayub , Zia combined political centralization at the federal level
with decentralization from the provincial to the local level in order to
legitimize his military regime.
Decentralization was achieved through the
promulgation of Local government ordinances (LGOs) and local
bodies were elected in all four provinces during 1979 and 1980.
’’The Basic Difference’’
12. The New Devolution of Power Plan:
Introduced by General Pervaiz Musharraf in January 2000.
It was implemented in September 2001.
The Local Government was based on five ground rules:
Devolution of political power
Decentralization of administrative authority
De-concentration of management functions
Diffusion of the power – authority nexus and
Distribution of resources.
13. D I F F E R E N T L E V E L S
UNION GOVERNMENT TEHSIL GOVERNMENT DISTRICT GOVERNMENT
14. UNION GOVERNMENT
• The lowest tier, the Union Government was a corporate body covering the rural
as well as urban areas across the whole District.
• It consisted of Union Nazim, Naib Union Nazim and three Union Secretaries and
other auxiliary staff.
• The Union Nazim was the head of the Union Administration. The Union
Secretaries coordinated and facilitated in community development, functioning of
the Union Committees and delivery of municipal services under the supervision of
Union Nazim.
• In addition to the fiscal transfers from the Province, the Local Governments were
authorized to generate money from their own sources by levying certain taxes,
fees, user charges, etc.
15. TEHSIL GOVERNMENT
The middle tier, the Tehsil Government, had Tehsil municipal
administration headed by the Tehsil Nazim.
Tehsil municipal administration consisted of a Tehsil Nazim, Tehsil
municipal officer,Tehsil Officers, Chief Officers and other officials.
The tehsil municipal administration was entrusted with the functions of
administration, finances, and management of the offices of local government
and rural development, and numerous other subjects at the regional,
divisional, district, tehsil and lower levels.
16. DISTRICT GOVERNMENT
• The District Government consisted of the Zila Nazim and District
Administration.
• The District Administration consisted of district offices including sub-offices
at Tehsil level, who were to be responsible to the District Nazim assisted by
the District Coordination Officer.
• The District Coordination Officer was appointed by the Provincial
Government and was the coordinating head of the District Administration.
•The ZilaNazim was accountable to the people through the elected members
of the Zila Council. A Zila Council consisted of all Union Nazims in the District.
The Zila Council had a separate budget allocation.
•The District Government was responsible to the people and the Provincial
Government for improvement of governance and delivery of services.
18. FUNCTIONS OF LOCAL GOVERNMENT:
Promote the economic, social and environmental wellbeing of people
Education
Culture and Sports
Agriculture
Health Care
Social Welfare
Housing and Utilities
Maintenance of Infrastructure
Environmental Protection
Maintenance of Law & Order
19. - Spatial Planning and Construction Activities
- Fire Fighting & Rescue Services
- Roads & Transport
- Water Supply & Waste Management
- Entertainment Provision
21. Herald Laski says:
‘’We cannot realize the full benefit of democratic
government unless we begin by the admission that all
problems are not central problems and that the results of
problems not central; in their incidence require decision at
the place and by the persons where and by whom the
incidence is most deeply felt.’’
22. ROLE OF CITIZENS:
The participation of citizens in Local Government holds the key to its
success.
Since citizens are directly being affected by the decisions, policies,
plans or any step that the Local Government takes, so the involvement
of citizens is very important.
Citizens can show their participation in following ways:
• Full Cooperation with the Local Administration
• Citizens can show Social Participation
• Political Involvement
• Showing participation in Administrative Processes
23. Citizens can:
• Review the decisions of Local Authorities
• Form advisory committees to give advice
• Contribute to Local Revenue by paying taxes
• Maintain close coordination with Local Administration
• Contribute in Infrastructure Development
• Form Public-Private Partnership
25. ROLE OF L.G. IN NATIONAL DEVELOPMENT:
All over the world, the objective of achieving national
development is the pre-occupation of all national governments.
National development is the ability of a country(s) to improve on the
well -being of its people by providing social amenities such as,
quality education, affordable water, transportation, infrastructure,
medical care, security and creating a conducive political atmosphere
with the participation of citizenry etc.
The significance of the role that Local Government plays in National
Development cannot be over-looked. Since it works at a grass-root
level of society, it actually forms the basis for National Development.
26. Local Government contributes in National Development in following
ways:
Since Local Administration encourages Public Participation at the
highest level, a sense of national harmony, peace, unity is developed
across the nation.
Local Government plays an important part in economic
development of a nation. When government is present within
citizens’ reach and they believe that their tax money will be rightly
used, they contribute more & hence a country excels economically.
In general, public does not have easy access to government but in
case of Local Government, citizens feel that they can have a say in
how to run a government, so they participate more actively and
collectively. Hence, developing a nation socially.
27. Role of Local Government in Political Development
In local government the presence of provincial government at the citizen
level ensures that the writ of government exists at its full extent in every
area or region.
Local Government ensures job and business opportunities, thus
contributing to financial development.
In case of national crisis when government needs the support or opinion of
the citizens, local government makes sure that the voice of every citizen
reaches the government.
The main and most important part that local government plays is that it
decentralizes the power of federal and provincial government thus
eradicating any sense of deprivation among the citizens of small cities or
towns.
29. FINANCIAL AUTONOMY:
One way to measure local government financial autonomy is to
compare its own revenues as a share of its total budget.
In the region, local government investments are the engine in the
catch-up game of providing modern infrastructure such as water
and sewer systems, solid waste management, street lighting and
roads.
There are several factors that reduce the ability of local
governments to raise revenues including the heavy concentration of
the population in capital cities.
30. HOW TO ACHIEVE FINANCIAL AUTONOMY IN L.G
Increase Local Tax Net
Reduce/Discourage Urban Migration
Surcharge on Personal Income Tax
Formation of a Development Fund in which citizens contribute and
then those funds are used for their own betterment. This will lower
the burden on National Budget.
One cost-saving solution is inter-municipal cooperation, where
small municipalities join forces to enjoy the same benefits as big
cities. It can be used for capital investments such as roads,
delivery of public services such as solid waste management, and
organization of professional services
32. PROBLEMS:
Political parties do not believe in decentralization/local democracy
Constitutional and legal recognition for local democracy
Over centralized modal and mindset
Economic constraints and lack of infrastructure
Bureaucratic Hurdles
33. Un-elected intuitions are more powerful than representative parliament
Relatively weak role of parliament
Development funds to MNAs/MPAs and undermine the role of LG
Corruption in almost every sector
No Public Participation
Growing urbanization
34. COMPARISON WITH BRITISH L.G.S:
While we still struggle to set up the basis of local government in
Pakistan, the British Government has evolved into a new era of Local
Administration Empowerment.
The government is giving local councils more power to decide how
to spend public money in their areas so they can meet local people’s
needs.
At the same time, the government is helping to make sure Council
Tax payers get value for money by making councils more
transparent and accountable.
35. SUGGESTED SOLUTIONS:
The first area for improvement is to divest the District Governments of the powers of
Law and Order, Revenue Record maintenance and Disaster Management. These
functions should be entrusted to District Coordination officer.
Executive magistracy should be restored.
The District Nazims should be elected directly by the voters rather than
indirectly by the Union Nazims. The political parties should be allowed to
contest the elections and nominate the candidates for all the offices at the Union,
Tehsil and District Government .
36. The demarcation of responsibilities between the Provincial and
District Governments should be drawn more clearly and explicitly
and the possible areas of ambiguity and overlap resolved upfront.
The Provincial Government should design policies, standards,
procedures, rules, regulations and ensure their implementation by
the Local Governments.
The Provincial Governments should supervise, monitor the
activities , finances and outcomes of the local governments and
have a transparent process in place that authorizes them to take
action against violations committed by the local governments.
Audit and accountability processes have to be strengthened for this
purpose.
37. The point of interaction between the citizens and the government
functionary has to be manned by persons of competence, integrity
and commitment.
There is an urgent need to change the Thana-Kutchery culture that
symbolizes the government today. This model is outdated and
completely out of sync with the rising expectations of the people.
The Community Citizens Boards (CCB)s) are a useful innovation
to promote an all inclusive partnership between public, private
sector and NGOs.
Given the poor access and quality of education and health in the
rural areas of Pakistan the CCBs can supplement the efforts of the
government departments in the planning, execution, delivery,
monitoring and evaluation of development projects.