This document discusses local government in the Philippines. It defines local government as political subdivisions of the national government that have control over local affairs like taxation. The constitution grants local governments power to create revenue sources. There are four types of local government units - provinces, cities, municipalities, and barangays. Local governments provide basic services like health, agriculture, and social welfare. They are funded mainly through internal revenue allotments from the national government and taxes.

1. PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION
ATTY. ANSHERINA PAULA FRANCISCO
ARELLANO UNIVERSITY-PASIG

2. Understanding Local Government
•The term Local Government a political subdivision of
the nation or state constituted by law, which has
substantial control over local affairs, including the
power to impose taxes, the governing body which is
elected or appointed

3. Understanding Local Government
•The term Local Government is a political subdivision
of the nation or state constituted by law, which has
substantial control over local affairs, including the
power to impose taxes, the governing body which is
elected or appointed

4. Understanding Local Government
•Article 10 of the Constitution grants each local
government unit the power to create its own sources of
revenue and to levy taxes, but this power is "subject to
such guidelines and limitations as the Congress may
provide.- Section 5 Article 10, 1987 Constitution.

5. Understanding Local Government
•The territorial and political subdivisions of the
Republic of the Philippines are the provinces, cities,
municipalities, and barangays. There shall be
autonomous regions in Muslim Mindanao and the
Cordilleras as hereinafter provided- Section 1 Article
10

6. National Government vs Local Government
•The national government may be visible by
implementing several important developmental
programs but local government units are closer to the
people since they are more accessible most of the time
•Local government provide more link between the
national government and the people

7. National Government vs Local Government
•The more frequent the local government relate with
the people through services, the better the national
government’s performance image is.
•In the Philippines, the delivery of basic services is
expected to be performed by the local government
units aided by the national government through the
provision of additional resources.

8. What is Local governance?
• Local governance refers to a corresponding process and structure at the sub-
national level. It is affected by the scheme of distributing power and
resources among the hierarchy of areas in a given territory which may range
from centralization to decentralization.
• The concept of local governance is to be understood along line of good
governance that hinges on the close partnership between the government,
business, community, and civil society.
• The term local government is broad in concept that dates back early as the
baranganic time.
• The concept evolved in the process and is now defined in a manner that
includes the formulation and execution of the policies at the local level

9. What is Local governance?
• The definition is not just limited to structures that can be
found in the local level. More than structures, local
government also includes the concept of:
• 1. Transparency and accountability
• 2. community participation
• 3. political participation
• 4. equitable access to services
• 5. security and access to justice
• 6. regulation to the private sector

10. 1.Transparency and accountability
•Transparency and accountability are important in
order for the local government to succeed. Local
government units must manifest its sincerity and
honesty in the delivery of various government services

11. 2. Community Participation
•It is also one of the characteristics for the success of
local governance. The reason why the different local
government units are able to meet the needs of the
people at the grassroots level is because they are
always in constant communication with the public in
general.

12. Political Participation
•The political participation is also a factor in local
governance because it defines the extent of
participation of the local residents in the kind of
governance that local official would be doing.

13. 4. equitable access to services
All people deserve equitable access to all services of the
government at the local level regardless of their status in
life.

14. Security and Access to Justice
Access to justice will be made more inclusive especially
among marginalized sectors such as women, children,
PWDs, senior citizens, and indigenous peoples through
victim-centered, child-friendly, and gender-sensitive
assistance mechanisms. Coordination among the DOJ,
the PNP, and the Department of Social Welfare and
Development (DSWD) will be strengthened to address
fragmented mechanisms in existing witness protection
and victim assistance programs.

15. 6. Regulation to the Private Sector
•Appropriate regulation of the private sector should be
also considered in the process of pursuing local
governance. It should be noted that the idea of local
governance centers in partnership of the three
institutions of the government, the business sector,
and civil society. The process of governing in this case
is to be pursued by the government in consonance with
the efficient and effective partners like the different
private companies and people’s organizations that
provide the former with all the necessary assistance.

16. Structures of LGUs in the
Philippines
•The national government by law creates, merges or
abolishes LGUs, endows them with powers within their
jurisdictions and determines national-local
government units.
•While these local units may be created by law, the
Local Government Code mandates that the residents
of the areas affected by the creation should approve
the measure in a plebiscite

17. Criteria in the Creation of LGUs
For the province:
•Land area: 2,000 sq. km. (to be certified by the LMB)
•Population: at least 250,000 (to be certified by the
NSO)
•Income: at least 20 M (to be certified by the DOF)

18. Criteria in the Creation of LGUs
For the component city:
•Land area: at least100 sq. km. (to be certified by the
LMB)
•Population: at least 150,000 (to be certified by the
NSO)
•Income: at least 20 M (to be certified by the DOF)

19. Criteria in the Creation of LGUs
For the highly urbanized city:
Land area: at least 50 sq. km. (to be certified by the
LMB)
•Population: at least 200,000 (to be certified by the
NSO)
•Income: at least 50 M (to be certified by the DOF)

20. Criteria in the Creation of LGUs
For the municipality:
•Land area: at least 50 sq. km. (to be certified by the
LMB)
•Population: at least 25,000 (to be certified by the NSO)
•Income: at least 2.5 M (to be certified by the DOF)

21. For the barangay:
•The only criterion is population of at least 2,000;
provided that barangays in Metropolitan Manila
should have a minimum population of 5,000.

22. Officials of LGUs
• Each local government unit has a set of executive and
legislative officials
•At the provincial level: Governor, Vice-Governor and
the members of the SangguniangPanlalawigan
•At the municipal/city level: Mayor, Vice-Mayor and
members of the Council (the Sangguniang Bayan and
Sangguniang Panlungsod)

23. In addition to the elected officials, there are ex-officio
members (local presidents of the league of barangays,
presidents of the local federation of Sangguniang
Kabataan, presidents of the federation of Sangguniang
Members and three sectoral representatives (from
women, workers and special sectors.

24. Appointive officials in the LGUs are the Secretary to the
Sanggunian, Treasurer, Assessor, Budget Officer, Civil
Registrar, Administrator, Legal Officer, Agriculturist,
Social Welfare and Development Officer, etc.

25. Services Rendered by the LGUs
•The following five (5) basic services are devolved to the
LGU’s by the Local Government Code:
•Health
• Agriculture
• Maintenance of public works and highways
• Environmental protection
• Social Welfare

26. Funds of LGU
• The main source of revenue is the Internal Revenue
Allotment (IRA)
•Local governments can impose real property tax and
much depends on their assessments and collection
efficiency. They also tax business
• Cities and municipalities impose amusement tax; even
now barangay clearances are required for business
permits