Lithium Battery Fires for the general public
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This slide stack is a version of an online course looking at Lithium Battery fires. It looks at where you can find Lithium Batteries, why they catch fire, how to fight fires and how to prevent them.
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Lithium Battery Fires for the general public
- 1. Lithium Battery Fires Lithium Battery Fires – for the general public
- 2. Introduction
- 3. Introduction Lithium Batteries have become common in modern day life. They are in your laptop, mobile phone, tablet computer, camera etc. They give thousands of hours of reliable service and for power to weight they are difficult to beat. Unfortunately they have a problem……. This presentation is based on information from the ICAO, the UK CAA & FAA
- 4. Introduction They can Catch Fire!!
- 5. We will cover the following subjects: What are Lithium Batteries ? Where Lithium Batteries are Why they catch fire ! Preventing fires Fighting fires Conclusions
- 6. What are Lithium Batteries? Lithium Battery Fires
- 7. What are Lithium Batteries Lithium Batteries are a family of batteries that use the chemical Lithium as metal or Lithium compounds. They are chosen for the high energy to density capacity, that is they can store large amounts of energy for their size. They also have high discharge capacity in that they can provide very high current for short periods.
- 8. Portable Electronic Devices (PED) 2 main types of Lithium battery; Both types can catch fire. Lithium – Disposable. Lithium Ion – Rechargeable.
- 9. Lithium Batteries are most often found as: Single Cells – used in consumer items. Or Battery Packs – found in larger items like laptops. Or Conformal Batteries – found in some tablets & phones
- 10. Difference between a Cell & a Battery We have been using the words cell and battery to describe batteries, so what is the difference. We should call a distinct unit a battery cell as with this picture. This is one cell, and as it is by itself then it is also known as a battery.
- 11. Difference between a Cell & a Battery We have been using the words cell and battery to describe batteries, so what is the difference. So a cell is a self contained battery. As we have seen some batteries, especially larger ones, are made up of a number of smaller batteries to make up the larger capacity battery, these individual batteries are called cells, and the container it is in is called the battery.
- 12. Difference between a Cell & a Battery A larger battery made up of many cells is called a battery, the individual batteries it contains are called cells. So if a battery is only made up of one distinct cell it can be called a battery cell or just cell or just battery. Clear as Mud!!!
- 13. PEDs Many of the items you carry around (known as Personal Electronic Devices or PED’s in the industry) have Lithium Batteries in them.
- 14. Industrial Uses and electric cars They can be found in electric bikes
- 15. Where can I find Lithium Batteries ? One of the most common large capacity lithium battery packs are those in laptop computers.
- 16. E Cigarettes Most eCigarettes contain Lithium Batteries.
- 17. Shipping Many are shipped around the world
- 18. Why do they catch Fire ? Lithium Battery Fires
- 19. Why they catch fire ! There are Four main reasons for Lithium Batteries catching fire; • Manufacture defect. • Damage • Rapid charging. • Rapid discharge.
- 20. Damage to Packages It is unusual for batteries to overheat and catch fire unless they are damaged.
- 21. Thermal Runaway Increased Current Fire is caused by something called "Thermal Runaway" this is where increased current causes increased chemical reaction rate in the lithium. Increased Chemical Reaction
- 22. Thermal Runaway Heat Increased Current Increased Chemical Reaction These chemical reactions cause increased heat.
- 23. Thermal Runaway Heat Increased Current Increased Chemical Reaction Which in turn causes increased current.
- 24. Thermal Runaway Heat Increased Current Increased Chemical Reaction This causes increased reaction rate that causes increased heat and so on.
- 25. Thermal Runaway Internal temperature reaches 130oC Heat Increased Current Increased Chemical Reaction Normally when a battery reaches an internal temperature of around 130 degrees centigrade, this loop becomes self sustaining – this is known as Thermal Runaway. Some of the heat is naturally given off but not quick enough to reduce the rate.
- 26. Thermal Runaway Eventually the thermal runaway causes the battery to catch fire!
- 27. Single Cells AA size cells have very small amounts of Lithium and should burn out in around 1 minute. Battery will spray molten Lithium as they burn. This can spread the fire.
- 28. Lithium Ion Cells Battery Packs are used in larger PEDs, especially laptops. The packs are normally made up of individual cells but you cannot see them as they are encased in plastic.
- 29. Lithium Ion Cells Heat in battery packs spreads from cell to cell, each one running away and spreading to the next cell.
- 30. Preventing Fires Lithium Battery Fires
- 31. Understand where Lithium Batteries are! First line of defence is to know where the batteries can be found. Lithium Batteries can be found in many everyday items, including: Photographic & Film Equipment Building equipment (cordless equipment) Scuba equipment (Lights) Models (Aircraft / Cars / Boats) Oxygen concentrators Medical equipment PED’s
- 32. Overheating One of the reasons the batteries catch fire is due to overheating! Don’t put your phone or tablet computer somewhere that it is not ventilated. This can cause thermal runaway and cause it to catch fire!!!! Don’t put it under your pillow!!!
- 33. Damaged Batteries If you drop or damage a PED be very aware that on rare occasions it could catch fire. Keep it in a place where you can monitor it.
- 34. Damage to containers Most battery fires can be traced back to damage to the package that the batteries were stored in.
- 35. E Cigarettes There have been cases of eCigarettes catching fire due to being charged with incorrect chargers. Always use the charger that came with your device.
- 36. Precautions • Buy batteries from reputable sources and only use batteries approved for your device - avoid counterfeits! • Look for the mark of an independent testing or standards organization, such as Underwriters Laboratories (UL) or International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC). • Do not carry recalled or damaged batteries on aircraft. Check battery recall information at the manufacturer's website. • Only charge batteries which you are sure are rechargeable! Non- rechargeable batteries are not designed for recharging, and become hazardous if placed in a battery charger. A non-rechargeable battery placed in a charger may overheat or cause damage later. • Only use a charger compatible with your rechargeable battery - don't mix and match!
- 37. Precautions • If original packaging is not available for spare batteries, effectively insulate battery terminals by isolating the batteries from contact with other batteries and metal. • Place each battery in its own protective case, plastic bag, or package, or place tape across the battery's contacts to isolate terminals. Isolating terminals prevents short-circuiting. • Take steps to prevent crushing, puncturing, or putting a high degree of pressure on the battery, as this can cause an internal short-circuit, resulting in overheating. • If you must carry a battery-powered device in any baggage, package it to prevent inadvertent activation.
- 38. Lithium Batteries Carried in Equipment Batteries that are carried in equipment must be protected from inadvertent activation. Use trigger lock or tape switch in the OFF position.
- 39. Lithium Batteries Carried by Air We will now look at carrying Lithium Batteries on-board aircraft.
- 40. Spare Batteries When transporting spare lithium batteries they should be in the original packaging or if this is not possible then the exposed terminals must be insulated, for example the terminals are tapped over or placed into separate plastic bags. When transporting them by air they must not be put in the baggage that is checked in but they can be carried in your hand baggage provided that they are between 100Wh and 160Wh and no more than 2 batteries person. The rules state that the total number of spares carried must be reasonable. It is best that you check with the check in staff. All must be in Carry on baggage NOT hold baggage.
- 41. Batteries in Baggage Remember batteries must not be packed in baggage you are going to check in. They can, in small quantities, be carried in carry on baggage. Carry On Bag Checked In Bag
- 42. Larger Quantities For larger quantities of cells these must be carried via the Dangerous Goods system. Lithium Batteries must not be carried as freight in passenger carrying aircraft, to or from the USA.
- 43. Lithium Batteries Carried by Vehicle And now about carrying them in road vehicles.
- 44. Transporting Lithium Batteries by Road No special requirements required if only carrying 4 cells or 2 batteries. If transporting larger quantities then you must meet the requirements of: • The 2011 edition of the ADR in ADR affiliated countries (i.e. Europe): Special Provision 188 • Any relevant local legislation in non ADR countries (i.e. Rest of the World)
- 45. Lithium Batteries Carried by Sea And now carrying the batteries by sea.
- 46. Transport by Sea No special requirements if only carrying 4 cells or 2 batteries. If carrying larger quantities then you need to comply with the 2010 edition of the IMDG Code: Special Provision 188
- 47. Lithium Batteries in the Post And what about sending Lithium Batteries in the Post?
- 48. Lithium Batteries in the Post In the UK the following are NOT allowed in International mail. Lithium Ion / Polymer / Metal / Alloy batteries sent on their own or sent with but not connected to a device such as a mobile phone, MP3 player or digital camera. Check with your local postal provider, what is allowed in the post.
- 49. Allowed in the Mail The following ARE allowed in the International mail: Electronic devices containing Lithium batteries. Only when the battery is connected to the device. The package must not contain more than four cells or two batteries connected to a device. For Lithium Ion / Lithium Polymer batteries then the Watt hour rating must not exceed 20Wh per cell or 100Wh per battery. For Lithium Metal / Lithium Alloy batteries then the Lithium content must not exceed 1g per cell or 2g per battery.
- 50. Sending by Courier All couriers must comply with the Dangerous Goods Regulations the IMDG code or the ADR, or the local equivalents, dependent on the mode of transport being used. Some couriers are more restrictive. Contact the courier to find out what the requirements are.
- 51. Fighting Lithium Battery Fires Lithium Battery Fires
- 52. What are you going to do ?
- 53. Thermal Runaway Internal temperature reaches 130oC Heat Increased Current Increased Chemical Reaction Remember that the fire will be caused by Thermal runaway, our priorities are to fight the fire and then cool the battery.
- 54. Steps in Fighting a Lithium Battery Fire 1. Raise the Alarm 2. Move People away from the Fire 3. Remove power – if possible 4. Fight the fire 5. Cool the battery
- 55. Raise the Alarm Set off the Fire Alarm. Or Call the Emergency Services Shout loudly to warn other people. The most important thing is the preservation of Life !!!
- 56. Move People Away
- 57. Remove the Power If possible, unplug the power.
- 58. If Safe to do so – Fight the Fire Choose your Fire Extinguisher or Puts out the fire. No Danger of Electrocution. Does not cool the batteries. Danger of Electrocution if item is still plugged into the power supply. Cools the batteries. Puts out the fire.
- 59. If Safe to do so – Fight the Fire Choose your Fire Extinguisher or Puts out the fire. No Danger of Electrocution. Insulates the batteries. Puts out the fire. No Danger of Electrocution. Insulates the batteries.
- 60. If Safe to do so – Fight the Fire Choose your Fire Extinguisher or Puts out the fire. No Danger of Electrocution. Insulates the batteries. Puts out the fire. No Danger of Electrocution. Insulates the batteries. If these extinguishers are used you MUST cool the batteries immediately the fire is extinguished.
- 61. Make sure the fire does not start again! Once the fire is out – the emergency is not over! Because the fire was caused by thermal runaway of a chemical reaction, the fire will start again if we do not cool the battery.
- 62. Cool the Battery • Dry Ice • Ice • Alcoholic Drinks • Soft Drinks • Water • Non-Flammable Liquids. We need to cool the battery cells, take a moment to think which of the following items can be used to cool the cells. ?
- 63. Use non Flammable Liquids • Dry Ice • Ice • Alcoholic Drinks • Soft Drinks • Water • Non-Flammable Liquids. WARNING: Do not try to cool the device with ice.
- 64. Do Not Use Ice Ice insulates the battery and can cause a build up of heat. Ice can cause the battery to explode!
- 65. Warnings WARNING: Do not attempt to pick up and move a smoking or burning device. WARNING: Do not cover the device. WARNING: Do not try to cool the device with ice. WARNING: Do not put in burn bag.
- 66. Warning Lithium Batteries are integral to the device when in use. This is not a Lithium Battery This is a power supply Treat as a normal electrical fire!
- 67. Precautions & Conclusions Lithium Battery Fires
- 68. Conclusions Lithium Batteries are very common in everyday items. Lithium Battery Fires are rare but do happen. The fire is caused by Thermal Runaway. Thermal runaway is caused by; • Manufacturers fault. • Damage. • Over Charging (Fault with charger). • Over Discharging (Fault with PED).
- 69. Conclusions Fight a Lithium Battery Fire By; • Raise the Alarm. • Clear people from the area. • Remove power (if applicable). • Extinguish fire using CO2 or Water Fire Extinguishers. • Cool cells using non-alcoholic fluids.
- 70. Warnings WARNING: Do not attempt to pick up and move a smoking or burning device. WARNING: Do not cover the device. WARNING: Do not try to cool the device with ice. WARNING: Do not put in burn bag.
- 71. Certificate Want a certificate for taking this course? To get a certificate, you need to take the exam, the exam can be found at: http://lbf.aviationtrain.com Note: to access the exam you will need to log into the Learning Management System. Any details captured by the system will not be used for anything but the recording and printing of your certificate. Versions of this course are also available as online training for Airline Crew & Staff, visit the website above for details.
- 72. FAA Video The FAA has a very good video that is available on YouTube Click on the link below to view the FAA video. www.youtube.com/watch?v=gcd34tt8YPU The video is 10 min 41 seconds but is worth watching.
- 73. Course Developer This PowerPoint presentation was brought to you by www.aviationtrain.com Providers of eLearning for Aviation and other industries. For PowerPoint or online versions of this course then please contact us at contact@aviationtrain.com
- 74. Lithium Battery Fires End of Presentation
Editor's Notes
- Welcome to this short course on Fires involving Lithium Batteries. The procedures in this course are for guidance only and are obtained from best practices, however when your company has a procedure for such an emergency then the companies procedures must be followed in preference to what is presented in this course.
- The procedures in this course are for guidance only and are obtained from best practices, however when your company has a procedure for such an emergency then the companies procedures must be followed in preference to what is presented in this course.
- Lithium batteries have become very common in modern day life, they are in your laptop, mobile telephone, tablet computer, camera and so on. They give thousands of hours of reliable service and for power to weight ratio they are very difficult to beat, but unfortunately they have a problem.
- They can Catch Fire!!
- We will cover the following subjects: What are Lithium Batteries Where Lithium Batteries are Why they catch fire Preventing fires Fighting fires Conclusions
- Before we look at the reasons for the the fires and how to tackle them, we will look at what Lithium batteries are and what items contain them.
- So what are Lithium batteries? Lithium batteries are a family of batteries that use the chemical Lithium as metal or in compounds. They are chosen for the high energy to density capacity, that is they can store large amounts of energy for their size.They also have high discharge capacity in that they can provide very high current for short periods.
- The two most common types of Lithium batteries are disposable batteries and rechargeable battery packs, both types of battery can catch fire.
- Lithium Batteries are most often found as: Single Cells – used in consumer items. Or Battery Packs – found in larger items like laptops. Or Conformal Batteries – found in some tablets & phones
- We have been using the words cell and battery to describe batteries, so what is the difference. We should call a distinct unit a battery cell as with this picture. This is one cell, and as it is by itself then it is also known as a battery.
- We have been using the words cell and battery to describe batteries, so what is the difference. So a cell is a self contained battery. As we have seen some batteries, especially larger ones, are made up of a number of smaller batteries to make up the larger capacity battery, these individual batteries are called cells, and the container it is in is called the battery.
- So if a battery is only made up of one distinct cell it can be called a battery cell or just cell or just battery. A larger battery made up of many cells is called a battery, the individual batteries it contains are called cells.
- Lithium batteries can be found in many personal electronic devices, also known as PED's, some examples are shown here.
- They have many larger uses, including bicycles and electric cars.
- One of the most common large capacity lithium battery packs are those in laptop computers.
- Most eCigarettes contain Lithium Batteries.
- They are moved around the world to manufacturers of PEDs and for other industrial uses. Often by airfreight!
- We have seen where Lithium batteries are so we will now look at why they catch fire.
- So why do Lithium batteries catch fire? There are four main reasons, these are Manufacturing faults, where small amounts of metal lithium have contaminated the layers of the batteries and cause local short circuits which concentrate current and cause heating. Because of damage to the battery in use, by being dropped, or punctured or some other way. From rapid charging which is normally a fault with the charger and finally by rapid discharging, but this last one is normally caused by damage to the batteries.
- It is unusual for a battery to catch fire unless it has been damaged in some way.
- Fire is caused by something called "Thermal Runaway" this is where increased current causes increased chemical reaction rate in the lithium, these chemical reactions cause increased heat which in turn causes increased current, that causes increased reaction rate that causes increased heat and so on, this normally occurs when the internal temperature of the battery reaches 130 degrees centigrade. Some of the heat is naturally given off but not quick enough to reduce the rate.
- These chemical reactions cause increased heat which in turn causes increased current, that causes increased reaction rate that causes increased heat and so on, this normally occurs when the internal temperature of the battery reaches 130 degrees centigrade. Some of the heat is naturally given off but not quick enough to reduce the rate.
- Fire is caused by something called "Thermal Runaway" this is where increased current causes increased chemical reaction rate in the lithium, these chemical reactions cause increased heat which in turn causes increased current, that causes increased reaction rate that causes increased heat and so on, this normally occurs when the internal temperature of the battery reaches 130 degrees centigrade. Some of the heat is naturally given off but not quick enough to reduce the rate.
- Fire is caused by something called "Thermal Runaway" this is where increased current causes increased chemical reaction rate in the lithium, these chemical reactions cause increased heat which in turn causes increased current, that causes increased reaction rate that causes increased heat and so on, this normally occurs when the internal temperature of the battery reaches 130 degrees centigrade. Some of the heat is naturally given off but not quick enough to reduce the rate.
- Fire is caused by something called "Thermal Runaway" this is where increased current causes increased chemical reaction rate in the lithium, these chemical reactions cause increased heat which in turn causes increased current, that causes increased reaction rate that causes increased heat and so on, this normally occurs when the internal temperature of the battery reaches 130 degrees centigrade. Some of the heat is naturally given off but not quick enough to reduce the rate.
- Eventually the thermal runaway causes the battery to catch fire!
- Single cells, either disposable or rechargeable found in items like cameras have very small amounts of lithium in them and should burn out in about one minute, however they will spray molten lithium as they burn, this molten lithium can spread the fire to the surroundings or to adjacent batteries.
- Battery packs used in larger PEDs, especially laptops consist of individual cells but you cannot see them as they are encased in plastic.
- Heat in battery packs spreads from cell to cell, each one running away and spreading to the next cell.
- Preventing fires
- First line of defence is to know where the batteries can be found. Lithium Batteries can be found in many everyday items, including: Photographic & Film Equipment Building equipment (cordless equipment) Scuba equipment (Lights) Models (Aircraft / Cars / Boats) Oxygen concentrators Medical equipment PED’s
- One of the reasons the batteries catch fire is due to overheating! Don’t put your phone or tablet computer somewhere that it is not ventilated. This can cause thermal runaway and cause it to catch fire!!!! Don’t put it under your pillow!!!
- If you drop or damage a PED be very aware that on rare occasions it could catch fire. Keep it in a place where you can monitor it.
- Most battery fires can be traced back to damage to the package that the batteries were stored in.
- There have been cases of eCigarettes catching fire due to being charged with incorrect chargers. Always use the charger that came with your device.
- Buy batteries from reputable sources and only use batteries approved for your device - avoid counterfeits! Look for the mark of an independent testing or standards organization, such as Underwriters Laboratories (UL) or International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC). Do not carry recalled or damaged batteries on aircraft. Check battery recall information at the manufacturer's website. Only charge batteries which you are sure are rechargeable! Non-rechargeable batteries are not designed for recharging, and become hazardous if placed in a battery charger. A non-rechargeable battery placed in a charger may overheat or cause damage later. Only use a charger compatible with your rechargeable battery - don't mix and match!
- If original packaging is not available for spare batteries, effectively insulate battery terminals by isolating the batteries from contact with other batteries and metal. Place each battery in its own protective case, plastic bag, or package, or place tape across the battery's contacts to isolate terminals. Isolating terminals prevents short-circuiting. Take steps to prevent crushing, puncturing, or putting a high degree of pressure on the battery, as this can cause an internal short-circuit, resulting in overheating. If you must carry a battery-powered device in any baggage, package it to prevent inadvertent activation.
- Batteries that are carried in equipment must be protected from inadvertent activation. Use trigger lock or tape switch in the OFF position.
- We will now look at carrying Lithium Batteries on-board aircraft.
- When transporting spare lithium batteries they should be in the original packaging or if this is not possible then the exposed terminals must be insulated, for example the terminals are tapped over or placed into separate plastic bags. When transporting them by air they must not be put in the baggage that is checked in but they can be carried in your hand baggage provided that they are between 100Wh and 160Wh and no more than 2 batteries person. The rules state that the total number of spares carried must be reasonable. It is best that you check with the check in staff.
- Remember batteries must not be packed in baggage you are going to check in. They can, in small quantities, be carried in carry on baggage.
- For larger quantities of cells these must be carried via the Dangerous Goods system. Lithium Batteries must not be carried as freight in passenger carrying aircraft, to or from the USA.
- And now about carrying them in road vehicles.
- No special requirements required if only carrying 4 cells or 2 batteries. If transporting larger quantities then you must meet the requirements of: The 2011 edition of the ADR in ADR affiliated countries (i.e. Europe): Special Provision 188 Any relevant local legislation in non ADR countries (i.e. Rest of the World)
- And now carrying the batteries by sea.
- No special requirements if only carrying 4 cells or 2 batteries. If carrying larger quantities then you need to comply with the 2010 edition of the IMDG Code: Special Provision 188
- And what about sending Lithium Batteries in the Post?
- In the UK the following are NOT allowed in International mail. Lithium Ion / Polymer / Metal / Alloy batteries sent on their own or sent with but not connected to a device such as a mobile phone, MP3 player or digital camera. Check with your local postal provider, what is allowed in the post.
- The following ARE allowed in the International mail: Electronic devices containing Lithium batteries. Only when the battery is connected to the device. The package must not contain more than four cells or two batteries connected to a device. For Lithium Ion / Lithium Polymer batteries then the Watt hour rating must not exceed 20Wh per cell or 100Wh per battery. For Lithium Metal / Lithium Alloy batteries then the Lithium content must not exceed 1g per cell or 2g per battery.
- All couriers must comply with the Dangerous Goods Regulations the IMDG code or the ADR, or the local equivalents, dependent on the mode of transport being used. Some couriers are more restrictive. Contact the courier to find out what the requirements are.
- So we have looked at why the batteries catch fire but now we need to look at how to fight them in the rare occasions that they do.
- What are you going to do ?
- Remember that the fire will be caused by Thermal runaway, our priorities are to fight the fire and then cool the battery.
- We will now look at the steps in fighting a Lithium Battery Fire Raise the Alarm Move People away from the Fire Remove power – if possible Fight the fire Cool the battery
- Set off the Fire Alarm. Or Call the Emergency Services Shout loudly to warn other people. The most important thing is the preservation of Life !!!
- Move people away from the fire.
- If possible, unplug the power.
- Choose your Fire Extinguisher CO2 or Water Fire Extinguishers The advantages of the CO2 are that it puts out the fire and there is no danger of electrocution but the disadvantage is that it does not cool the batteries. The advantages of the Water extinguisher is that it also puts out the fire and it also cools the batteries, but the major disadvantage is that there is a danger of electrocution it the item is still plugged into the power supply.
- Choose your Fire Extinguisher Foam or Powder Fire Extinguishers The advantages of the Foam is that it puts out the fire and there is no danger of electrocution but the disadvantage is that it does not cool the batteries, in fact it insulates them. The advantages of the Powder is that it puts out the fire and there is no danger of electrocution but the disadvantage is that it does not cool the batteries, in fact it insulates them.
- If these extinguishers are used you MUST cool the batteries immediately the fire is extinguished.
- Make sure the fire does not start again! Once the fire is out – the emergency is not over! Because the fire was caused by thermal runaway of a chemical reaction, the fire will start again if we do not cool the battery.
- We need to cool the battery cells, take a moment to think which of the following items can be used to cool the cells. Dry Ice Ice Alcoholic Drinks Soft Drinks Water Non-Flammable Liquids.
- You must use liquids that will not feed a fire – non-flammable liquids. WARNING: Do not try to cool the device with ice.
- Do not use ice Ice insulates the battery and can cause a build up of heat. Ice can cause the battery to explode!
- WARNING: Do not attempt to pick up and move a smoking or burning device. WARNING: Do not cover the device. WARNING: Do not put in burn bag. WARNING: Do not try to cool the device with ice.
- Lithium Batteries are integral to the device when in use. This is not a Lithium Battery This is a power supply Treat as a normal electrical fire!
- We will now look at Precautions & Conclusions
- Lithium Batteries are very common on aircraft in PED’s& Cargo . Lithium Battery Fires are rare but do happen. The fire is caused by Thermal Runaway Thermal runaway is caused by; Manufacturers fault. Damage. Over Charging (Fault with charger). Over Discharging (Fault with PED).
- Fight a Lithium Battery Fire By; Raise the Alarm. Clear people from the area. Remove power (if applicable). Extinguish fire using CO2 or Water Fire Extinguishers. Cool cells using non-alcoholic fluids.
- WARNING: Do not attempt to pick up and move a smoking or burning device. WARNING: Do not cover the device. WARNING: Do not put in burn bag. WARNING: Do not try to cool the device with ice.
- Want a certificate for taking this course? To get a certificate, you need to take the exam, the exam can be found at: http://lbf.click2advance.com Versions of this course are also available as online training for Airline Crew & Staff, visit the website above for details. Note: to access the exam you will need to log into the Learning Management System. Any details captured by the system will not be used for anything but the recording and printing of your certificate.
- The FAA has a very good video that is available on YouTube Click on the link below to view the FAA video. www.youtube.com/watch?v=gcd34tt8YPU The video is 10 min 41 seconds but is worth watching.
- This PowerPoint presentation was brought to you by www.click2advance.com Providers of eLearning for Aviation and other industries. For PowerPoint or online versions of this course then please contact us at contact@aviationtrain.com
- End of Presentation