Light: Ecological Parameter and Its Impact on Animals
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Visible light – Photosynthesis Infra red light – Warmth of earth at high altitudes Ultraviolet light – Ionosphere (Ozone layer) Light reaching earth depends on angle of incidence, altitude, latitude, season, clouds, fog, suspended particles, dust, water drops, smog (pollution) and time of day.
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Radiation can be ionizing or non-ionizing and comes from natural and man-made sources. Ionizing radiation like alpha, beta, gamma, and x-rays can damage biological tissues by ionizing atoms. Exposure to high doses can cause acute effects while long-term low doses are linked to increased cancer risks. Radiation protection methods aim to reduce exposure time near sources and increase distance and shielding between people and radiation. Exposure is monitored using personal dosimeters and survey meters to track doses and identify sources.
LIGHT AND RADIATION.ppt
Lighting is essential for vision but poor lighting can strain the eyes and cause fatigue. Several factors like sufficiency, distribution, absence of glare and shadows, and steadiness affect lighting quality. Natural light is most soothing while artificial lighting options include direct, indirect, and combinations. Different tasks require different illumination levels measured in lux. Both natural and artificial light have biological effects while radiation comes from natural and man-made sources. Radiation is measured in units like roentgen, rad, and rem and can impact health through somatic and genetic effects. Protective measures help limit radiation exposure.
Adverse influence of radio frequency background on trembling aspen seedlings ...
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BSc Dissertation - The potential of remotely sensed spectrometer data to dete...
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Abiotic Effects
The document discusses various abiotic factors such as light, temperature, water, wind, fire, soil and topography and their effects on plants and animals. It describes how organisms have adapted morphological, physiological and behavioral adaptations to extreme conditions caused by these abiotic factors. For example, plants in hot climates are adapted to conserve or store water while animals in windy places develop thick hides and shelter. The document also classifies different types of these abiotic factors and their importance in the environment.
Abiotic Effects(2)
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AGR Light.pptx
Light is essential for plant growth and development. It has a wavelength range of 0.39 to 0.76μ and is important for photosynthesis and chlorophyll synthesis. The characteristics of light that impact plants are intensity, quality, duration, and direction. Intensity affects photosynthesis and respiration rates. Quality refers to light wavelength, with red and blue most important for growth. Duration determines photoperiodism and flowering. Direction influences root and leaf orientation through phototropism.
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Herbal Topical Composition for Acne vulgaris : Govt. of India Patent Applicat...
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This patent application is for a herbal topical composition to treat acne vulgaris. It contains an effective combination of chitosan nanoparticles and an alcoholic extract of Tinospora cordifolia. A skin cream is prepared from this combination along with pharmaceutical excipients. Testing showed this composition effectively inhibits Propionibacterium acnes in amounts needed to treat acne. The ratios of chitosan nanoparticles and Tinospora cordifolia extract providing this inhibition were determined.Third patent: AN ECO-FRIENDLY OR ECONOMICAL METHOD FOR LARGE SCALE MANUFACTUR...
Third patent: AN ECO-FRIENDLY OR ECONOMICAL METHOD FOR LARGE SCALE MANUFACTUR...Dr. Sudesh D. Rathod, B N Bandodkar College of Science
This patent application publication describes an eco-friendly and economical method for large-scale manufacturing of iron and iron oxide nanoparticles using an extract of lac. The application was filed on February 6, 2017 by 12 inventors including Mr. Nitin Prakash Koche, Dr. Kantilal Hiralal Nagare, and Dr. Dinesh Daujirao Wanule. The application contains 9 pages, 6 claims, and describes using an extract of lac to manufacture iron and iron oxide nanoparticles on a large scale in an eco-friendly and economical manner.The Relationship of Spatial Fisheries Diversity with Hydrological Conditions ...
The Relationship of Spatial Fisheries Diversity with Hydrological Conditions ...Dr. Sudesh D. Rathod, B N Bandodkar College of Science
Relationship of qualitative and quantitative fisheries diversity with the environmental variables was studied for the period of two years along the three zones, viz. upper, middle and lower, of the Ulhas River estuary. Total ten hydro-sedimentological parameters were analyzed on monthly basis from each zone to depict ambient pollution level. Zones with comparatively higher pollution level deterred fisheries landings. The principal coordination analysis (PCO) ordination and zonewise K-dominance curves revealed the direct correlation of fish diversity with the existent spatial environmental conditions of the Ulhas River estuary.
Keywords: hydrological conditions, parameters, water pollution, Ulhas River, estuary, fisheries, diversity, landings, water color, phosphates, nitrates, DO, BOD, organic carbon, silt, principal coordination analysis.Wildlife and conservation aspects
NTCA (National Tiger Conservation Authority) was founded by former Prime minister Indira Gandhi to save tiger. This body promotes the conservation on the basis of Wildlife (Protection) Act 1972.
Project tiger was launched in 1973. Initially 9 suitable habitats were selected later it increased to 47.
Objective was to conserve forest and biodiversity, through intensified protection; conservational development and strengthening research activities
Wild life of India: National Parks and Sanctuaries
Wild life of India: National Parks and SanctuariesDr. Sudesh D. Rathod, B N Bandodkar College of Science
India has diverse biomes like tropical rain forest (jungles), alpine forest, desert, marsh land, islands, deltas, savannas, scrub lands etc.
Wildlife of India has been gifted by very diverse flora and fauna.
It is our prime duty to conserve and sustain it for forthcoming generations.
World is loosing one species everyday.Research methodology: Scientific Attitude, Methodology and Writing
Research methodology: Scientific Attitude, Methodology and WritingDr. Sudesh D. Rathod, B N Bandodkar College of Science
Science means ‘to know’.
To gain knowledge through the mode of thinking and experimenting with reasoning.
Ideas are tested and hypotheses are set and finally the concept is accepted or rejected.
Person involved in these activities is known as ‘scientist’.
Chordata gnathostomata: TAXONOMY: T. Y. B.Sc. Zoology, Sem. VI; Course Code-U...
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Basic boat building techniques: A Fisheries ScienceDr. Sudesh D. Rathod, B N Bandodkar College of Science
A hull is the watertight body of a ship or boat. Above the hull is the superstructure and/or deckhouse, where present. The line where the hull meets the water surface is called the waterline.
The gunwale is a nautical term describing the top edge of the side of a boat.
The bow is a nautical term for the forward part of the hull of a ship or boat, the point that is most forward when the vessel is underway.
The opposite to the bow of boat is called the stern.
A deck is a permanent covering over a compartment or a hull, which forms the 'roof' for the hull, which both strengthens the hull and serves as the primary working surface.
The mast of a sailing vessel is a tall, vertical or near vertical spar, or arrangement of spars, which supports the sails.Boat foulers and borers: Fisheries Science
Organisms in the water, especially saltwater, attach to slick surfaces like a boat's hull. It doesn't take long for a boat hull to become slimy with algae. Algae pave the way for adherence of other organisms. The general term for organism on a boat hull is fouling. Fouling makes boats drag, use more fuel and harder to maneuver. Invasive organisms spread by hitching a ride on the underside of a boat. Common marine foulers include barnacles, algae, shellfish, tunicates, ship-
worms, gribbles etc.
Wood borers are highly specialised animals which penetrate wooden structures such as boats, wharves, jetties, driftwood and even living mangrove trees. Many can digest the wood owing to cellulose-digesting bacteria or protozoa living in their guts. Only a few species can actually produce their own cellulose-digesting enzymes (cellulases).Wood borers are insects that chew their way into the solid trunk of a living tree or into a wooden structure, such as an old boat or house. Healthy trees are rarely attacked by wood borers, but a diseased or dying specimen can often host these kinds of invaders. The same goes for old houses and boats, where rain-soaked or rotten wood is more susceptible to invasion.
Marine water parameters: Temperature; Light; Oxygen; Salinity; and pH
Marine water parameters: Temperature; Light; Oxygen; Salinity; and pHDr. Sudesh D. Rathod, B N Bandodkar College of Science
Temperature, light, Oxygen, salinity, pH are important marine factors which impact the major life and physical properties of the oceans. These factors make the marine environment a dynamic entity and otherwise impacting on the terrestrial ecosystems too.Oceanography instruments used in fishing Activities
Oceanography instruments used in fishing ActivitiesDr. Sudesh D. Rathod, B N Bandodkar College of Science
Nansen’s bottle, Peterson’s grab, Dredges, Fish finding devices/methods, Remote sensing are the common instruments implied in fishing in India. Operations of Fishing Gear
Gill net
Trawl
Purse seine net
Hooks and lines
TED (turtle exclusion devices)
Non-conventional fishing methods:
light fishing; hose pipe fishing; electric fishing.
Pelagic (surface/open ocean) gillnets are systems of netting with highly specific mesh sizes. Gillnets as long as 2.5km, are placed vertically in the water column with the use of buoys and weights. These nets may be anchored or allowed to drift with prevailing currents, intercepting migrating sharks and fishes such as tuna and mackeral. Large fish become entangled or gilled in the net (commonly around the gills), whilst smaller fish are able to pass through the designated mesh size.
Classification of animals: Protozoa, Porifera and Coelenterata
Classification of animals: Protozoa, Porifera and CoelenterataDr. Sudesh D. Rathod, B N Bandodkar College of Science
This article includes Basics classification like binomial nomenclature, Taxa hierarchic, Five kingdoms of Robert H. Whittaker, Levels of Organization, and Classificationa and features of Protozoa, Porifera and CoelenterataTemperature: Ecological Parameter
Temperature as ecological factor its impact on animal life.
Animals can tolerate temp. from -10 to 50 ⁰C
Praying mantis can survive at 62 ⁰C whereas certain bacteria can live at 90 ⁰C.
Animals tolerating diff. range of temperature.
Stenothermal and eurythermal organisms.
Enzymatic activity are controlled by certain temp ranges. E.g. Human 30 to 40 ⁰C.
Reproduction is controlled by temperature
Activities are controlled by temp. hibernation, aestivation and migration.
Morning lower temp. make animals sluggish.
Animals are distributed according to temp. tolerance in terrestrial and aquatic body (thermocline).
Study of respiration and circulation
In higher animals special respiratory surfaces are developed like skin, buccal cavity, gills and lungs. E.g. earthworm, spider, Rohu, frog and pigeon.
Animal behaviour: Introduction to Ethology
Ethology is the scientific and objective study of animal behaviour, usually with a focus on behaviour under natural conditions, and viewing behaviour as an evolutionarily adaptive trait. Ethology is a branch of zoology concerned with the study of animal behavior. Ethologists take a comparative approach, studying behaviors ranging from kinship, cooperation, and parental investment, to conflict, sexual selection, and aggression across a variety of species.
Conservation Concept, HIPPCO, Extinction crisis In-situ and ex situ conserva...
Conservation Concept, HIPPCO, Extinction crisis In-situ and ex situ conserva...Dr. Sudesh D. Rathod, B N Bandodkar College of Science
Conservation involves maintenance of the natural environment of man including the infinite resources of air, water, soil and life forms. Conversation also involves the collective responsibility of governments, private organizations, industries and individuals and the setting aside of funds, finances for ecological research and execution of conservation projects.Aquarium setting and ornamental fish
Fundamentals of Aquarium Setting for Beginners. Historic
Social
Aesthetic and ornamental
Meditating
Commercial
Educational, Scientific and Research
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Maintenance of aquarium
Accessories required
Decorative used
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Surficial emergence of boleophthalmus dussumieri sdr
Surficial emergence of boleophthalmus dussumieri sdrDr. Sudesh D. Rathod, B N Bandodkar College of Science
Boleophthalmus dussumieri (Val., 1837) is a mudskipper species inhabiting, in abundance on the intertidal
mudflats occurred on either banks of Ulhas River estuary. The present study scan and focal sampling method
implied to record the lagged immergence of B. dussumieri on the surface during ebb-tide. The study revealed
direct correlation with the declining water level and rate of exposure of the mudflat during the ebb-tide
occurred at Kolshet creek along the west bank of the Ulhas River estuary. PCO obtained with Euclidean
distance matrix represented 100% ordination of the samples depicting that the level of water defined the rate of
surficial emergence of individuals.Behavioural studies of boleophthalmus dussumieri sdr
Behavioural studies of boleophthalmus dussumieri sdrDr. Sudesh D. Rathod, B N Bandodkar College of Science
Ulhas River Estuary (URE) sediment is highly silted. Boleophthalmus dussumieri (Val., 1837) is a mudskipper
species of a common occurrence on the intertidal mudflats developed on either banks of URE. The present study
recorded the various activities like burrow construction, feeding, territoriality and courtship, of B. dussumieri
using scan and focal sampling method on the surface during tidal movements on the exposed mudflats of URE
near Kolshet creek. Although the breeding and territoriality of B. dussumieri being normal, the other
behavioral activities such as courtship, construction of burrows and survivorship were different as compared to
the earlier observations by various experts. Breeding pairs preferred to develop burrows at spring tide limits.
Burrows lacked chimneys and pit-pools. Juveniles remained without burrows and were found to secure position
by penetration in loose soil during flood tide. Feeding on muddy surface was performed by strange straining
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Light: Ecological Parameter and Its Impact on Animals
- 1. LIGHT PROF. S. D. RATHOD Climatic Factors
- 3. Earth is solar powered Visible light – Photosynthesis Infra red light –Warmth of earth at high altitudes Ultraviolet light – Ionosphere (Ozone layer) Light reaching earth depends on angle of incidence, altitude, latitude, season, clouds, fog, suspended particles, dust, water drops, smog (pollution) and time of day.
- 4. Aquatic ecosystem 45% of red and 2% of blue light is absorbed for every meter of depth. Euphotic zone (00 to 80 m) Disphotic zone (80 to 200 m) Aphotic zone (200 to 5500 m)
- 5. Effect of light on plants Photosynthesis – Chlorophyll (green pigments) - absorb longer wavelength Red to yellow. Caretenoids (red to brown pigments) – absorb blue green wavelengths at depths.
- 6. Photoperiodism Short day plants – shorter than critical length e.g. tobacco, hemp Long day plants – longer than critical length e.g. carrot, beat root Day neutral plants – unaffected by day light length. E.g. cotton potato.
- 8. Phototropism Positive phototropism Negative phototropism
- 9. Light also affect animals Light affect animal for movement, orientation, coloration, reproduction, development etc. Animal movement – Phototaxis – vertical plankton migration
- 10. Orientation – migration of birds, fishes and insects Like many insects, pigeons and other daytime birds use the position of the sun as their standard cue. Of course, the sun’s position depends on the time of day, and birds appear to have an internal time sense enabling them to allow for the westward movement of the sun from morning to night.
- 11. Biorhythms – biological clocks – circadian cycles are controlled by light called as photoperiodism.
- 12. Daylength plays an important role in the seasonal biology of most birds.The timing of their migrations and their annual breeding cycles is closely linked to seasonal changes in daylength.
- 13. Coloration of animals depend on the light
- 14. Thank you