This document discusses human development from conception through old age. It describes key stages of development such as prenatal, infancy, toddlerhood, childhood, puberty, adolescence, and adulthood. For each life stage, it outlines important physical, cognitive, emotional, and social milestones. The document also explains that development is a continuous process that depends on both maturation and environmental factors.
This presentation has three daily exercises that can be used while teaching these concepts. They can be found as Sponge 1, Sponge 2 and Sponge 3 Heredity and Environment found in:
http://www.slideshare.net/MMoiraWhitehouse
This presentation has three daily exercises that can be used while teaching these concepts. They can be found as Sponge 1, Sponge 2 and Sponge 3 Heredity and Environment found in:
http://www.slideshare.net/MMoiraWhitehouse
According to psychologist Gordon Allport, social psychology is a discipline that uses scientific methods "to understand and explain how the thought, feeling and behavior of individuals are influenced by the actual, imagined or implied presence of other human beings" (1985).
Briefly this field has been discussed.
Attention, Factors of Attention, Objective Factors, Subjective Factors, Span of Attention, Distraction of Attention, Control of Distraction, Fluctuation of Attention.
Growth and development of an infant in the various domains - physical, psychosocial, cognitive, psychosexual, spiritual and moral. Also discusses the special health concerns during infancy.
According to psychologist Gordon Allport, social psychology is a discipline that uses scientific methods "to understand and explain how the thought, feeling and behavior of individuals are influenced by the actual, imagined or implied presence of other human beings" (1985).
Briefly this field has been discussed.
Attention, Factors of Attention, Objective Factors, Subjective Factors, Span of Attention, Distraction of Attention, Control of Distraction, Fluctuation of Attention.
Growth and development of an infant in the various domains - physical, psychosocial, cognitive, psychosexual, spiritual and moral. Also discusses the special health concerns during infancy.
Child and Adolescent Development Lecture NotesjovenilBacatan
This lecture notes focus on developmental processes that occur from conception through the end of adolescence and include theories of human development.
Sports Psycholgy
growth and Development through Physical Activity
Growth Meaning
Development:Meaning
Various Stages of Life
Prenatal
Postnatal
Infancy
Childhood
Adolescence
Adulthood
Old age
Importance of Physical Activity for Childern
Children and Physical Activity
1 Understanding Human DevelopmentApproaches and TheoriesAbbyWhyte974
1 Understanding Human Development:
Approaches and Theories
29
markferguson2/Alamy
Learning Objectives
1.1 Outline five principles of the lifespan developmental perspective.
1.2 Discuss three theoretical controversies about human development.
1.3 Summarize five theoretical perspectives on human development.
1.4 Describe the methods used in studying human development,
including types of data and designs.
1.5 Discuss the responsibility of researchers to their participants and
how they may protect them.
Digital Resources
Resilience: It Takes a Village
Poverty and Brain Development
Second Couplehood in Late Adulthood
Nature and Nurture
Educational Aspirations
Sociocultural Influences on Development: Desegregation
Children of Katrina: Longitudinal Research
Childhood Exposure to Lead
Voluntary Participation in HIV Research
Master these learning objectives with multimedia resources available at
edge.sagepub.com/kuthertopical and Lives in Context video cases
available in the interactive eBook.
30
Think back over your lifetime. How have you grown and changed through
the years? Do your parents describe you as a happy baby? Were you
fussy? Do you remember your first day of kindergarten? What are some of
your most vivid childhood memories? Did you begin puberty early, late, or
was your development similar to others your age? Were your adolescent
years a stressful time? What types of changes do you expect to undergo in
your adult years? Where will you live? Will you have a spouse? Will you
have children? What career will you choose? How might these life choices
and circumstances influence how you age and your perspective in older
adulthood? Will your personality remain the same or change over time? In
short, how will you change over the course of your lifespan?
What is Lifespan Human Development?
This is a book about lifespan human development—the ways in which
people grow, change, and stay the same throughout their lives, from
conception to death. When people use the term development, they often
mean the transformation from infant to adult. However, development does
not end with adulthood. We continue to change in predictable ways
throughout our lifetime, even into old age. Developmental scientists study
human development. They seek to understand lifetime patterns of change.
lifespan human development An approach to studying human
development that examines ways in which individuals grow,
change, and stay the same throughout their lives, from conception
to death.
Table 1.1 illustrates the many phases of life that we progress through from
conception to death. Each phase of life may have a different label and set
of developmental tasks, but all have value. The changes that we undergo
during infancy influence how we experience later changes, such as those
during adolescence and beyond. This is true for all ages in life. Each phase
of life is important and accompanied by its own demands and
opportunities.
Change is the most obv ...
1 Understanding Human Development:
Approaches and Theories
29
markferguson2/Alamy
Learning Objectives
1.1 Outline five principles of the lifespan developmental perspective.
1.2 Discuss three theoretical controversies about human development.
1.3 Summarize five theoretical perspectives on human development.
1.4 Describe the methods used in studying human development,
including types of data and designs.
1.5 Discuss the responsibility of researchers to their participants and
how they may protect them.
Digital Resources
Resilience: It Takes a Village
Poverty and Brain Development
Second Couplehood in Late Adulthood
Nature and Nurture
Educational Aspirations
Sociocultural Influences on Development: Desegregation
Children of Katrina: Longitudinal Research
Childhood Exposure to Lead
Voluntary Participation in HIV Research
Master these learning objectives with multimedia resources available at
edge.sagepub.com/kuthertopical and Lives in Context video cases
available in the interactive eBook.
30
Think back over your lifetime. How have you grown and changed through
the years? Do your parents describe you as a happy baby? Were you
fussy? Do you remember your first day of kindergarten? What are some of
your most vivid childhood memories? Did you begin puberty early, late, or
was your development similar to others your age? Were your adolescent
years a stressful time? What types of changes do you expect to undergo in
your adult years? Where will you live? Will you have a spouse? Will you
have children? What career will you choose? How might these life choices
and circumstances influence how you age and your perspective in older
adulthood? Will your personality remain the same or change over time? In
short, how will you change over the course of your lifespan?
What is Lifespan Human Development?
This is a book about lifespan human development—the ways in which
people grow, change, and stay the same throughout their lives, from
conception to death. When people use the term development, they often
mean the transformation from infant to adult. However, development does
not end with adulthood. We continue to change in predictable ways
throughout our lifetime, even into old age. Developmental scientists study
human development. They seek to understand lifetime patterns of change.
lifespan human development An approach to studying human
development that examines ways in which individuals grow,
change, and stay the same throughout their lives, from conception
to death.
Table 1.1 illustrates the many phases of life that we progress through from
conception to death. Each phase of life may have a different label and set
of developmental tasks, but all have value. The changes that we undergo
during infancy influence how we experience later changes, such as those
during adolescence and beyond. This is true for all ages in life. Each phase
of life is important and accompanied by its own demands and
opportunities.
Change is the most obv ...
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Synthetic Fiber Construction in lab .pptxPavel ( NSTU)
Synthetic fiber production is a fascinating and complex field that blends chemistry, engineering, and environmental science. By understanding these aspects, students can gain a comprehensive view of synthetic fiber production, its impact on society and the environment, and the potential for future innovations. Synthetic fibers play a crucial role in modern society, impacting various aspects of daily life, industry, and the environment. ynthetic fibers are integral to modern life, offering a range of benefits from cost-effectiveness and versatility to innovative applications and performance characteristics. While they pose environmental challenges, ongoing research and development aim to create more sustainable and eco-friendly alternatives. Understanding the importance of synthetic fibers helps in appreciating their role in the economy, industry, and daily life, while also emphasizing the need for sustainable practices and innovation.
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Operation “Blue Star” is the only event in the history of Independent India where the state went into war with its own people. Even after about 40 years it is not clear if it was culmination of states anger over people of the region, a political game of power or start of dictatorial chapter in the democratic setup.
The people of Punjab felt alienated from main stream due to denial of their just demands during a long democratic struggle since independence. As it happen all over the word, it led to militant struggle with great loss of lives of military, police and civilian personnel. Killing of Indira Gandhi and massacre of innocent Sikhs in Delhi and other India cities was also associated with this movement.
Embracing GenAI - A Strategic ImperativePeter Windle
Artificial Intelligence (AI) technologies such as Generative AI, Image Generators and Large Language Models have had a dramatic impact on teaching, learning and assessment over the past 18 months. The most immediate threat AI posed was to Academic Integrity with Higher Education Institutes (HEIs) focusing their efforts on combating the use of GenAI in assessment. Guidelines were developed for staff and students, policies put in place too. Innovative educators have forged paths in the use of Generative AI for teaching, learning and assessments leading to pockets of transformation springing up across HEIs, often with little or no top-down guidance, support or direction.
This Gasta posits a strategic approach to integrating AI into HEIs to prepare staff, students and the curriculum for an evolving world and workplace. We will highlight the advantages of working with these technologies beyond the realm of teaching, learning and assessment by considering prompt engineering skills, industry impact, curriculum changes, and the need for staff upskilling. In contrast, not engaging strategically with Generative AI poses risks, including falling behind peers, missed opportunities and failing to ensure our graduates remain employable. The rapid evolution of AI technologies necessitates a proactive and strategic approach if we are to remain relevant.
Acetabularia Information For Class 9 .docxvaibhavrinwa19
Acetabularia acetabulum is a single-celled green alga that in its vegetative state is morphologically differentiated into a basal rhizoid and an axially elongated stalk, which bears whorls of branching hairs. The single diploid nucleus resides in the rhizoid.
Model Attribute Check Company Auto PropertyCeline George
In Odoo, the multi-company feature allows you to manage multiple companies within a single Odoo database instance. Each company can have its own configurations while still sharing common resources such as products, customers, and suppliers.
Welcome to TechSoup New Member Orientation and Q&A (May 2024).pdfTechSoup
In this webinar you will learn how your organization can access TechSoup's wide variety of product discount and donation programs. From hardware to software, we'll give you a tour of the tools available to help your nonprofit with productivity, collaboration, financial management, donor tracking, security, and more.
June 3, 2024 Anti-Semitism Letter Sent to MIT President Kornbluth and MIT Cor...Levi Shapiro
Letter from the Congress of the United States regarding Anti-Semitism sent June 3rd to MIT President Sally Kornbluth, MIT Corp Chair, Mark Gorenberg
Dear Dr. Kornbluth and Mr. Gorenberg,
The US House of Representatives is deeply concerned by ongoing and pervasive acts of antisemitic
harassment and intimidation at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT). Failing to act decisively to ensure a safe learning environment for all students would be a grave dereliction of your responsibilities as President of MIT and Chair of the MIT Corporation.
This Congress will not stand idly by and allow an environment hostile to Jewish students to persist. The House believes that your institution is in violation of Title VI of the Civil Rights Act, and the inability or
unwillingness to rectify this violation through action requires accountability.
Postsecondary education is a unique opportunity for students to learn and have their ideas and beliefs challenged. However, universities receiving hundreds of millions of federal funds annually have denied
students that opportunity and have been hijacked to become venues for the promotion of terrorism, antisemitic harassment and intimidation, unlawful encampments, and in some cases, assaults and riots.
The House of Representatives will not countenance the use of federal funds to indoctrinate students into hateful, antisemitic, anti-American supporters of terrorism. Investigations into campus antisemitism by the Committee on Education and the Workforce and the Committee on Ways and Means have been expanded into a Congress-wide probe across all relevant jurisdictions to address this national crisis. The undersigned Committees will conduct oversight into the use of federal funds at MIT and its learning environment under authorities granted to each Committee.
• The Committee on Education and the Workforce has been investigating your institution since December 7, 2023. The Committee has broad jurisdiction over postsecondary education, including its compliance with Title VI of the Civil Rights Act, campus safety concerns over disruptions to the learning environment, and the awarding of federal student aid under the Higher Education Act.
• The Committee on Oversight and Accountability is investigating the sources of funding and other support flowing to groups espousing pro-Hamas propaganda and engaged in antisemitic harassment and intimidation of students. The Committee on Oversight and Accountability is the principal oversight committee of the US House of Representatives and has broad authority to investigate “any matter” at “any time” under House Rule X.
• The Committee on Ways and Means has been investigating several universities since November 15, 2023, when the Committee held a hearing entitled From Ivory Towers to Dark Corners: Investigating the Nexus Between Antisemitism, Tax-Exempt Universities, and Terror Financing. The Committee followed the hearing with letters to those institutions on January 10, 202
June 3, 2024 Anti-Semitism Letter Sent to MIT President Kornbluth and MIT Cor...
Heredity versus environment
1. Beltran (1998) further explains that environment refers to any
factor, which an individual comes in contact with, after then, hereditary
pattern has been received through the germ plasm. This includes
training, learning, influence of home, neighborhood, hospital, church,
play yard, climate, geographical location, and all others that stimulate
the senses in any way.
The effect or influence of heredity and environment differs from
one individual to the other and from each trait to another trait.
Heredity and environment are independent forces. In some
cases, the effect of heredity is stronger or predominant. In other cases,
the effect of environment is more dominant.
heredity lays down the necessary foundations while
environment changes or modifies these foundations for good or bad.
2. Behavioral attitude such as intelligence,
temperament, and sociability are strongly
influenced by environmental factors. Even physical
characteristics such as height and weight depend
to some extent on one’s medical history and the
adequacy of diet. In summary, many human
attributes are the product a long and involved
interplay between the forces of nature and nurture.
3. The psychologist is primarily concerned with two
environmental influences: the internal environment, those
stimuli acting within the individual, and the external
environment, those stimuli impinging upon the organism.
Internal Environment
1. Intracellular System – consist of physical and
chemical forces within the cell that influence the genetic
material of the nucleus.
2. Intercellular System – consist of the fluids that
surround the cells and influence their growth and
development.
4. External Environment
1. Pre-natal environment – consist of the amniotic fluid
that sounds the fetus, the stimulation provided by its
positioning within the mother, and the materials
provided and taken away by the mother’s body.
2. Post-natal environment – consist of the infinitively
complex arrays of stimulation that confront the child
after birth.
3. Psychological environment – consist of those
aspects of the organism’s physical surroundings
capable of influencing its structure or its behavior.
5. A hereditary basis for sex differences becomes clear if we
examine the chromosomes of normal men and women. It is apparent
that 22 of 23 pairs of chromosomes found in human beings are the
same in males and females. The 23rd pair consist of an X and Y –
chromosomes. In the female, it contains both X chromosomes.
Therefore, the presence o a y means a genetic female. If a sperm
carrying a y chromosome fertilizes the egg or ovum, the product is an
XY zygote or male. If a sperm carrying an X chromosome reaches the
ovum first, the result is an XX zygote or female.
6. About 1 of every 270 zygotes divides in two and develops as two
separate individuals or identical twins. These individuals are called
monozygotic twins since they come from a single zygote. They have exactly
the same hereditary pattern. They look alike and have the same sex. Most
twins are not identical but fraternal or dizygotic. They result when the mother
releases two ova at almost the same time and different sperms fertilize each
ovum. Dizygotic twins come from separate zygotes that have separate
hereditary patterns. They may differ in appearance and maybe of the same
or different sexes.
When the division of the zygote is not complete, the product is a
pair of Siamese twins who maybe joined at the buttocks, chest, neck, or
other part of the body. This seldom happens.
There are also cases when triplets, quadruplets, and other multiple
births are produced especially now that fertility pills have been introduced.
7. Hurclock (in Aquino and Miranda, 1991) defines development
as a progressive process of changes that occur in an orderly,
predictable pattern as a result of maturation and experience. Beltran
(1998) explains that the primary interests are the changes that occur in
physical growth and motor skills, mental or reasoning abilities,
emotional expression, and pattern of social behavior. Human
development is best described as a continual and cumulative process.
The only thing that is constant is change, and the changes that occur
at each major phase of life have important implications for the future
8. Proud of Life Chronological Time Frame
1. Pre-natal
2. Infancy
3. Toddler early childhood
4. Pre-school
5. Late childhood
6. Puberty
7. Adolescence
8. Young adulthood
9. Middle age
10.Old age or senescence
Conception to birth
First two years of life
2 to 3 years of age
4-6 years of age
End of 6 to 13 or 14 years age
(onset of puberty marks the end
of this period)
End of childhood to early part of
adolescence
End of 13 or 14 to 20 years of
age
End of 20 to 40 years of age
End of 40 to 65 years of age
End of 65 years and older
9. Life begins at the time of conception when a sperm fertilizes the
ovum. The union of the ovum and sperm produces a fertilized egg
known as zygote. The pre-natal period is approximately 9 months or
270 days. It is divided into the following:
1. Period of the zygote – This is from fertilization of the second
week.
2. Period of the embryo – This is from the end of the second week
to the eight week.
3. Period of the fetus – This is from the end of the eight week to
birth.
10. After birth, life becomes very much in contrast with pre-natal life. The infant
who used to be completely dependent upon the mother for continuous
nourishment, breathing, urination, defecation, and other processes is now
starting to struggle and meet the demand to live normally. The birth cry is
actually a reflex behavior to establish breathing. Other automatic or reflex
responses though unlearned can be performed through stimulation.
Among these are grasping reflex, pupillary reflex, plantar reflex, and knee-
jerk or patellar reflex. Grasping reflex is exhibited when you place your
finger in an infant’s palm and he grasps it tightly. The pupillary reflex
causes the pupil of the infant’s eye to contract if a ray of light is shone into
his eye.
11. The term toddler adequately describes most two-year olds
who often fall down when they try to go somewhere in a hurry. As
the toddler matures, his locomotor skills improve. By age 3, he can
walk or run in a straight line and leap off the floor with both feet.
Three-year-old toddlers find it difficult to button their clothing, tie a
shoe or copy a figure on a piece of paper.
Three to six years oild is known as pre-schooler. He
becomes very naughty and curious about almost anything. By age
five, he starts to be graceful and his large muscle activities because
he is losing much of his baby fats as he grows in height. His eye-
hand and small muscle coordination also improves.
12. About the time child enters the first grade, he can copy
complex figures, cut out angular patterns with a pair of scissors, and
print neatly and accurately. His improved small muscle coordination
enables him to take up and enjoy hobbies such as assembling
models, painting their numbers, and sewing. By eight to nine he can
use screwdrivers and can openers and had become a skillful
performer at games such as baseball and soccer that require eye-
hand coordination.
13. The term puberty refers to that point in life when the
individual reaches sexual maturity and becomes capable of
producing a child. It is generally assumed that a girl becomes
sexually mature at menarche, the time of her menstrual period.
The timing of puberty in males is much harder to pin point since
production of sperm is not a readily observable phenomenon.
The most common sign of masculine puberty is the appearance
of pigmented pubic hair.
14. Growth spurt, which is the rapid acceleration in height
and weight, signals the beginning of adolescence period. In
addition to growing taller and heavier, the body assumes an
adult-like appearance during the adolescent growth spurt. The
most noticeable changes are widening of the hips for females
and broadening of the of the shoulders for males. Maturation of
the reproductive system occurs at roughly the same time as the
adolescence growth spurt and follows a predictable sequence for
each sex.
15. As a girl enters her height spurt, the breast grow
rapidly, pubic hair appear, and the sex organ begins to
mature. For boys, the onset for sexual maturation begins
with the initial enlargement of the testes and scrotum. The
growth of the testes is accompanied or soon followed by the
appearance of unpigmented pubic hair. After reaching
sexual maturity the boy’s voice will begin to change from the
soprano of childhood to the baritone of adulthood.
16. The problems of adolescent concern his social, emotional,
moral, and economic maturity. An Adolescent works
towards the achievement of the criteria of adulthood,
which are independence of family, emotional maturity,
social maturity, economic independence, intellectual
adulthood, use of Leisure, philosophy of life, and achieving
heterosexuality.
17. A young adult, according to Erikson, must work towards settling down
to a full life of work. He should acquire social consciousness to be
productive not only for himself but for others. He must be ready and
willing to accept responsibilities as a parent. He must achieve the
criteria of adulthood.
Middle or Late Adulthood (end of 40 to 65 years old)
During the period, physical and mental powers deteriorate.
Man reaches his climacteric period and woman for menopausal period.
The reproductive organs then slowly lose their functionability. Motor
and cognitive ability decreases with age. Middle age people divert
their activities from those that need much physical exertion to the less
or non-strenuous ones.
18. Old Age or Senescence (end of 65 years and older)
Old people become more eccentric and egocentric due to
mental disorganization and physical breakdown. The become
careless, absent-minded, socially withdrawn, and poorly adjusted.
They feel useless and worthless, sensitive, and emotional. They
developed unfavorable self-concepts (Beltran, 1998).
19. 1. Development is a continuous process from conception to maturity.
2. Development depends upon the maturation and growth of fatty
casings around certain nerves of the nervous system.
3. The sequence of development is the same for all children.
Although the sequence may be programmed, the actual time at
which a child reaches a particular step and his level of prior skills
will vary with nutritional adequacy and environmental
encouragement.
20. 4. Certain reflexes present at birth anticipate voluntary movement.
For example, the sucking reflex gives way directly to movements
toward the breast by infants.
5. The direction of development is cephalocaudal; that is,
coordination and control begin in the head region followed by the
spinal muscles in the head region and finally the spinal muscles
and legs develop coordination.
6. Generalized activity gives way to specific responses