1. A lever is a rigid rod that rotates around a fulcrum to move a load using an applied effort force.
2. There are three classes of levers - first, second, and third - which are distinguished based on the relative positions of the fulcrum, effort, and load.
3. The mechanical advantage of a lever is the ratio of the distances of the effort and load from the fulcrum, and determines whether the lever multiplies or reduces the applied effort. First and second class levers provide a mechanical advantage while third class levers provide a mechanical disadvantage.
Elbow complex is designed to serve hand.
They provide MOBILITY for Hand in space by apparent shortening and Lengthening of upper extremity.
They provide Stability for skillful and forceful movements
Elbow complex is designed to serve hand.
They provide MOBILITY for Hand in space by apparent shortening and Lengthening of upper extremity.
They provide Stability for skillful and forceful movements
In physics, a force is any interaction that, when unopposed, will change the motion of an object. A force can cause an object with mass to change its velocity, i.e., to accelerate. Force can also be described intuitively as a push or a pull. A force has both magnitude and direction, making it a vector quantity.
Watch other topics in http://bit.ly/2PIOIQM
suspension therapy in details with the principles, indications, benefits, advantages and disadvantages, materials required for performing activities using suspension techniques.
MUSCLES OF THE VERTEBRAL COLUMN- The system of ligaments in the vertebral column, combined with the tendons and muscles, provides a natural brace to help protect the spine from injury. For More Online Medical Resource, Visit at http://gisurgery.info
In physics, a force is any interaction that, when unopposed, will change the motion of an object. A force can cause an object with mass to change its velocity, i.e., to accelerate. Force can also be described intuitively as a push or a pull. A force has both magnitude and direction, making it a vector quantity.
Watch other topics in http://bit.ly/2PIOIQM
suspension therapy in details with the principles, indications, benefits, advantages and disadvantages, materials required for performing activities using suspension techniques.
MUSCLES OF THE VERTEBRAL COLUMN- The system of ligaments in the vertebral column, combined with the tendons and muscles, provides a natural brace to help protect the spine from injury. For More Online Medical Resource, Visit at http://gisurgery.info
Lever, simple machine consisting of a rigid bar that rotates about a fixed point, called a fulcrum. Levers affect the effort, or force, needed to do a certain amount of work, and are used to lift heavy objects. To move an object with a lever, force is applied to one end of the lever, and the object to be moved (referred to as the resistance or load) is usually located at the other end of the lever, with the fulcrum somewhere between the two. By varying the distances between the force and the fulcrum and between the load and the fulcrum, the amount of effort needed to move the load can be decreased, making the job easier.
Physicists classify the lever as one of the four simple machines used to do work. (The other three are the pulley, the wheel and axle, and the inclined plane.) Work is defined in physics as the result of a force, such as a person lifting, that moves an object over a distance. A common example of a lever is the seesaw. The human arm is also a lever, where the elbow is the fulcrum and the muscles apply the force.
Simple machines by Saliha Rais, for grade 5.Saliha Rais
The slide show include topics: simple machines, force magnifiers, movement magnifiers, levers and its types. At the end there is a short review/test, so you can assess what you have learned.
I made this for grade 5 students.
New Directions in Targeted Therapeutic Approaches for Older Adults With Mantl...i3 Health
i3 Health is pleased to make the speaker slides from this activity available for use as a non-accredited self-study or teaching resource.
This slide deck presented by Dr. Kami Maddocks, Professor-Clinical in the Division of Hematology and
Associate Division Director for Ambulatory Operations
The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, will provide insight into new directions in targeted therapeutic approaches for older adults with mantle cell lymphoma.
STATEMENT OF NEED
Mantle cell lymphoma (MCL) is a rare, aggressive B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) accounting for 5% to 7% of all lymphomas. Its prognosis ranges from indolent disease that does not require treatment for years to very aggressive disease, which is associated with poor survival (Silkenstedt et al, 2021). Typically, MCL is diagnosed at advanced stage and in older patients who cannot tolerate intensive therapy (NCCN, 2022). Although recent advances have slightly increased remission rates, recurrence and relapse remain very common, leading to a median overall survival between 3 and 6 years (LLS, 2021). Though there are several effective options, progress is still needed towards establishing an accepted frontline approach for MCL (Castellino et al, 2022). Treatment selection and management of MCL are complicated by the heterogeneity of prognosis, advanced age and comorbidities of patients, and lack of an established standard approach for treatment, making it vital that clinicians be familiar with the latest research and advances in this area. In this activity chaired by Michael Wang, MD, Professor in the Department of Lymphoma & Myeloma at MD Anderson Cancer Center, expert faculty will discuss prognostic factors informing treatment, the promising results of recent trials in new therapeutic approaches, and the implications of treatment resistance in therapeutic selection for MCL.
Target Audience
Hematology/oncology fellows, attending faculty, and other health care professionals involved in the treatment of patients with mantle cell lymphoma (MCL).
Learning Objectives
1.) Identify clinical and biological prognostic factors that can guide treatment decision making for older adults with MCL
2.) Evaluate emerging data on targeted therapeutic approaches for treatment-naive and relapsed/refractory MCL and their applicability to older adults
3.) Assess mechanisms of resistance to targeted therapies for MCL and their implications for treatment selection
MANAGEMENT OF ATRIOVENTRICULAR CONDUCTION BLOCK.pdfJim Jacob Roy
Cardiac conduction defects can occur due to various causes.
Atrioventricular conduction blocks ( AV blocks ) are classified into 3 types.
This document describes the acute management of AV block.
Lung Cancer: Artificial Intelligence, Synergetics, Complex System Analysis, S...Oleg Kshivets
RESULTS: Overall life span (LS) was 2252.1±1742.5 days and cumulative 5-year survival (5YS) reached 73.2%, 10 years – 64.8%, 20 years – 42.5%. 513 LCP lived more than 5 years (LS=3124.6±1525.6 days), 148 LCP – more than 10 years (LS=5054.4±1504.1 days).199 LCP died because of LC (LS=562.7±374.5 days). 5YS of LCP after bi/lobectomies was significantly superior in comparison with LCP after pneumonectomies (78.1% vs.63.7%, P=0.00001 by log-rank test). AT significantly improved 5YS (66.3% vs. 34.8%) (P=0.00000 by log-rank test) only for LCP with N1-2. Cox modeling displayed that 5YS of LCP significantly depended on: phase transition (PT) early-invasive LC in terms of synergetics, PT N0—N12, cell ratio factors (ratio between cancer cells- CC and blood cells subpopulations), G1-3, histology, glucose, AT, blood cell circuit, prothrombin index, heparin tolerance, recalcification time (P=0.000-0.038). Neural networks, genetic algorithm selection and bootstrap simulation revealed relationships between 5YS and PT early-invasive LC (rank=1), PT N0—N12 (rank=2), thrombocytes/CC (3), erythrocytes/CC (4), eosinophils/CC (5), healthy cells/CC (6), lymphocytes/CC (7), segmented neutrophils/CC (8), stick neutrophils/CC (9), monocytes/CC (10); leucocytes/CC (11). Correct prediction of 5YS was 100% by neural networks computing (area under ROC curve=1.0; error=0.0).
CONCLUSIONS: 5YS of LCP after radical procedures significantly depended on: 1) PT early-invasive cancer; 2) PT N0--N12; 3) cell ratio factors; 4) blood cell circuit; 5) biochemical factors; 6) hemostasis system; 7) AT; 8) LC characteristics; 9) LC cell dynamics; 10) surgery type: lobectomy/pneumonectomy; 11) anthropometric data. Optimal diagnosis and treatment strategies for LC are: 1) screening and early detection of LC; 2) availability of experienced thoracic surgeons because of complexity of radical procedures; 3) aggressive en block surgery and adequate lymph node dissection for completeness; 4) precise prediction; 5) adjuvant chemoimmunoradiotherapy for LCP with unfavorable prognosis.
Flu Vaccine Alert in Bangalore Karnatakaaddon Scans
As flu season approaches, health officials in Bangalore, Karnataka, are urging residents to get their flu vaccinations. The seasonal flu, while common, can lead to severe health complications, particularly for vulnerable populations such as young children, the elderly, and those with underlying health conditions.
Dr. Vidisha Kumari, a leading epidemiologist in Bangalore, emphasizes the importance of getting vaccinated. "The flu vaccine is our best defense against the influenza virus. It not only protects individuals but also helps prevent the spread of the virus in our communities," he says.
This year, the flu season is expected to coincide with a potential increase in other respiratory illnesses. The Karnataka Health Department has launched an awareness campaign highlighting the significance of flu vaccinations. They have set up multiple vaccination centers across Bangalore, making it convenient for residents to receive their shots.
To encourage widespread vaccination, the government is also collaborating with local schools, workplaces, and community centers to facilitate vaccination drives. Special attention is being given to ensuring that the vaccine is accessible to all, including marginalized communities who may have limited access to healthcare.
Residents are reminded that the flu vaccine is safe and effective. Common side effects are mild and may include soreness at the injection site, mild fever, or muscle aches. These side effects are generally short-lived and far less severe than the flu itself.
Healthcare providers are also stressing the importance of continuing COVID-19 precautions. Wearing masks, practicing good hand hygiene, and maintaining social distancing are still crucial, especially in crowded places.
Protect yourself and your loved ones by getting vaccinated. Together, we can help keep Bangalore healthy and safe this flu season. For more information on vaccination centers and schedules, residents can visit the Karnataka Health Department’s official website or follow their social media pages.
Stay informed, stay safe, and get your flu shot today!
Recomendações da OMS sobre cuidados maternos e neonatais para uma experiência pós-natal positiva.
Em consonância com os ODS – Objetivos do Desenvolvimento Sustentável e a Estratégia Global para a Saúde das Mulheres, Crianças e Adolescentes, e aplicando uma abordagem baseada nos direitos humanos, os esforços de cuidados pós-natais devem expandir-se para além da cobertura e da simples sobrevivência, de modo a incluir cuidados de qualidade.
Estas diretrizes visam melhorar a qualidade dos cuidados pós-natais essenciais e de rotina prestados às mulheres e aos recém-nascidos, com o objetivo final de melhorar a saúde e o bem-estar materno e neonatal.
Uma “experiência pós-natal positiva” é um resultado importante para todas as mulheres que dão à luz e para os seus recém-nascidos, estabelecendo as bases para a melhoria da saúde e do bem-estar a curto e longo prazo. Uma experiência pós-natal positiva é definida como aquela em que as mulheres, pessoas que gestam, os recém-nascidos, os casais, os pais, os cuidadores e as famílias recebem informação consistente, garantia e apoio de profissionais de saúde motivados; e onde um sistema de saúde flexível e com recursos reconheça as necessidades das mulheres e dos bebês e respeite o seu contexto cultural.
Estas diretrizes consolidadas apresentam algumas recomendações novas e já bem fundamentadas sobre cuidados pós-natais de rotina para mulheres e neonatos que recebem cuidados no pós-parto em unidades de saúde ou na comunidade, independentemente dos recursos disponíveis.
É fornecido um conjunto abrangente de recomendações para cuidados durante o período puerperal, com ênfase nos cuidados essenciais que todas as mulheres e recém-nascidos devem receber, e com a devida atenção à qualidade dos cuidados; isto é, a entrega e a experiência do cuidado recebido. Estas diretrizes atualizam e ampliam as recomendações da OMS de 2014 sobre cuidados pós-natais da mãe e do recém-nascido e complementam as atuais diretrizes da OMS sobre a gestão de complicações pós-natais.
O estabelecimento da amamentação e o manejo das principais intercorrências é contemplada.
Recomendamos muito.
Vamos discutir essas recomendações no nosso curso de pós-graduação em Aleitamento no Instituto Ciclos.
Esta publicação só está disponível em inglês até o momento.
Prof. Marcus Renato de Carvalho
www.agostodourado.com
Knee anatomy and clinical tests 2024.pdfvimalpl1234
This includes all relevant anatomy and clinical tests compiled from standard textbooks, Campbell,netter etc..It is comprehensive and best suited for orthopaedicians and orthopaedic residents.
Tom Selleck Health: A Comprehensive Look at the Iconic Actor’s Wellness Journeygreendigital
Tom Selleck, an enduring figure in Hollywood. has captivated audiences for decades with his rugged charm, iconic moustache. and memorable roles in television and film. From his breakout role as Thomas Magnum in Magnum P.I. to his current portrayal of Frank Reagan in Blue Bloods. Selleck's career has spanned over 50 years. But beyond his professional achievements. fans have often been curious about Tom Selleck Health. especially as he has aged in the public eye.
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Introduction
Many have been interested in Tom Selleck health. not only because of his enduring presence on screen but also because of the challenges. and lifestyle choices he has faced and made over the years. This article delves into the various aspects of Tom Selleck health. exploring his fitness regimen, diet, mental health. and the challenges he has encountered as he ages. We'll look at how he maintains his well-being. the health issues he has faced, and his approach to ageing .
Early Life and Career
Childhood and Athletic Beginnings
Tom Selleck was born on January 29, 1945, in Detroit, Michigan, and grew up in Sherman Oaks, California. From an early age, he was involved in sports, particularly basketball. which played a significant role in his physical development. His athletic pursuits continued into college. where he attended the University of Southern California (USC) on a basketball scholarship. This early involvement in sports laid a strong foundation for his physical health and disciplined lifestyle.
Transition to Acting
Selleck's transition from an athlete to an actor came with its physical demands. His first significant role in "Magnum P.I." required him to perform various stunts and maintain a fit appearance. This role, which he played from 1980 to 1988. necessitated a rigorous fitness routine to meet the show's demands. setting the stage for his long-term commitment to health and wellness.
Fitness Regimen
Workout Routine
Tom Selleck health and fitness regimen has evolved. adapting to his changing roles and age. During his "Magnum, P.I." days. Selleck's workouts were intense and focused on building and maintaining muscle mass. His routine included weightlifting, cardiovascular exercises. and specific training for the stunts he performed on the show.
Selleck adjusted his fitness routine as he aged to suit his body's needs. Today, his workouts focus on maintaining flexibility, strength, and cardiovascular health. He incorporates low-impact exercises such as swimming, walking, and light weightlifting. This balanced approach helps him stay fit without putting undue strain on his joints and muscles.
Importance of Flexibility and Mobility
In recent years, Selleck has emphasized the importance of flexibility and mobility in his fitness regimen. Understanding the natural decline in muscle mass and joint flexibility with age. he includes stretching and yoga in his routine. These practices help prevent injuries, improve posture, and maintain mobilit
Title: Sense of Smell
Presenter: Dr. Faiza, Assistant Professor of Physiology
Qualifications:
MBBS (Best Graduate, AIMC Lahore)
FCPS Physiology
ICMT, CHPE, DHPE (STMU)
MPH (GC University, Faisalabad)
MBA (Virtual University of Pakistan)
Learning Objectives:
Describe the primary categories of smells and the concept of odor blindness.
Explain the structure and location of the olfactory membrane and mucosa, including the types and roles of cells involved in olfaction.
Describe the pathway and mechanisms of olfactory signal transmission from the olfactory receptors to the brain.
Illustrate the biochemical cascade triggered by odorant binding to olfactory receptors, including the role of G-proteins and second messengers in generating an action potential.
Identify different types of olfactory disorders such as anosmia, hyposmia, hyperosmia, and dysosmia, including their potential causes.
Key Topics:
Olfactory Genes:
3% of the human genome accounts for olfactory genes.
400 genes for odorant receptors.
Olfactory Membrane:
Located in the superior part of the nasal cavity.
Medially: Folds downward along the superior septum.
Laterally: Folds over the superior turbinate and upper surface of the middle turbinate.
Total surface area: 5-10 square centimeters.
Olfactory Mucosa:
Olfactory Cells: Bipolar nerve cells derived from the CNS (100 million), with 4-25 olfactory cilia per cell.
Sustentacular Cells: Produce mucus and maintain ionic and molecular environment.
Basal Cells: Replace worn-out olfactory cells with an average lifespan of 1-2 months.
Bowman’s Gland: Secretes mucus.
Stimulation of Olfactory Cells:
Odorant dissolves in mucus and attaches to receptors on olfactory cilia.
Involves a cascade effect through G-proteins and second messengers, leading to depolarization and action potential generation in the olfactory nerve.
Quality of a Good Odorant:
Small (3-20 Carbon atoms), volatile, water-soluble, and lipid-soluble.
Facilitated by odorant-binding proteins in mucus.
Membrane Potential and Action Potential:
Resting membrane potential: -55mV.
Action potential frequency in the olfactory nerve increases with odorant strength.
Adaptation Towards the Sense of Smell:
Rapid adaptation within the first second, with further slow adaptation.
Psychological adaptation greater than receptor adaptation, involving feedback inhibition from the central nervous system.
Primary Sensations of Smell:
Camphoraceous, Musky, Floral, Pepperminty, Ethereal, Pungent, Putrid.
Odor Detection Threshold:
Examples: Hydrogen sulfide (0.0005 ppm), Methyl-mercaptan (0.002 ppm).
Some toxic substances are odorless at lethal concentrations.
Characteristics of Smell:
Odor blindness for single substances due to lack of appropriate receptor protein.
Behavioral and emotional influences of smell.
Transmission of Olfactory Signals:
From olfactory cells to glomeruli in the olfactory bulb, involving lateral inhibition.
Primitive, less old, and new olfactory systems with different path
263778731218 Abortion Clinic /Pills In Harare ,sisternakatoto
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2. Levers
A
lever
is
a
rigid
rod
that
rotates
around
one
point
to
move
a
load
by
applying
a
force
to
a
third
point.
3. Archimedes
worked
out
how
things
balance
M
M
M
M
M
M
M
M
M
Balance
occurs
when
moments
are
equal
and
opposite.
M1
M2
M1D1
=
M2D2
D1
D2
4. Law
of
the
Lever
The
masses
are
applying
a
downward
force
on
the
lever
with
their
weight
–
which
is
a
force.
So
the
simple
idea
of
balancing
weights
on
a
pivot
reveals
how
forces
act
on
a
lever.
F1
F2
F1D1
=
F2D2
D1
D2
6. “First Class Lever”
• A first-class lever is a lever in
which the fulcrum is located
between the input effort and the
output load.
• In operation, a force is applied
(by pulling or pushing) to a
section of the bar, which causes
the lever to swing about the
fulcrum, overcoming the
resistance force on the opposite
side.
Examples:
• Seesaw
• Scissors (double
lever)
Classes of Levers
7.
Fulcrum
is
between
FE
(effort
force)
and
FL
(load
force)
When
the
effort
moves
farther
than
load,
the
Mechanical
advantage
>1
When
the
effort
moves
less
than
the
load,
the
Mechanical
Advantage
<
1
First Class LeverEffort
Force
Load
Force
F
L
F
E
8. Lets
apply
the
Law
of
the
Lever
Mechanical
Advantage
=
FL/FE
What
is
the
Mechanical
Advantage
of
this
lever?
Load
F1D1
=
F2D2
D1
D2
Effort
Force
10N
D1
=
50cm
D2
=
10cm
What
force
of
a
load
could
be
liXed?
9. What
happens
if
the
effort
is
closer
to
the
pivot
than
the
load?
Mechanical
Advantage
=
FL/FE
What
is
the
Mechanical
Advantage
of
this
lever?
Load
F1D1
=
F2D2
D1
D2
Effort
Force
10N
D1
=
10cm
D2
=
50cm
What
force
of
a
load
could
be
liXed?
10. The
mechanical
advantage
of
a
lever
is
the
raYo
of
the
length
of
the
lever
on
the
applied
effort
side
of
the
fulcrum
to
the
length
of
the
lever
on
the
load
force
side
of
the
fulcrum.
Load
DE
DL
Effort
Force
MA
=
DE/DL
12. Load
is
between
fulcrum
and
Effort
Effort
moves
farther
than
Load.
MulYplies
Effort
Force,
but
does
not
change
its
direcYon
The
mechanical
advantage
of
a
2nd
class
lever
is
always
greater
than
1
Second Class Lever
Load
Effort
Force
13. Explanation
• Second
class
lever
– Load
is
located
between
the
effort
force
and
the
fulcrum.
– Always
mulYplies
a
force
– Example:
Wheelbarrow
L E
Always
mulYplies
a
force.
14. • Examples of
second-class
levers include:
• nut crackers,
• wheel barrows,
• doors,
• and bottle
openers.
Examples
of
second-‐class
levers
15. Evaluate
the
Lever
Mechanical
Advantage
=
FL/FE
Mechanical
Advantage
=
DE/DL
What
is
the
Mechanical
Advantage
of
this
lever?
Load
DE
DL
Effort
Force
10N
DE
=
80cm
DL
=
20cm
What
force
of
a
load
could
be
liXed?
16. Effort
is
between
fulcrum
and
Load.
Does
not
mulYply
force
Load
moves
farther
than
Effort.
MulYplies
the
distance
the
effort
force
travels
and
the
speed
at
which
it
moves.
The
mechanical
advantage
of
a
3rd
class
lever
is
always
less
than
1.
Third Class Lever
LE
17. • For this class of levers, the input
effort is higher than the output
load, which is different from
second-class levers and some
first-class levers.
• However, the distance moved by
the load is greater than the
distance moved by the effort.
• In third class levers, effort is
applied between the output load
on one end and the fulcrum on
the opposite end.
“Third Class Lever”
Examples:
• Hockey Stick
• Tweezers
• Fishing Rod
Classes
of
Levers
18. Explanation
• Third
class
lever
– Effort
force
located
between
the
load
and
the
fulcrum.
– Effort
arm
is
always
shorter
than
load
arm
– MA
is
always
less
than
one
– Example:
Broom
LE
There
is
an
increase
distance
moved
and
speed
at
the
other
end.
Other
examples
are
baseball
bat
or
hockey
sYck.
19. Examples of Third Class Levers
• Examples of
third-class
levers include:
– tweezers,
– arm hammers,
– and shovels.
Third class lever in
human body.
20. Evaluate
the
Lever
Mechanical
Advantage
=
FL/FE
Mechanical
Advantage
=
DE/DL
What
is
the
Mechanical
Advantage
of
this
lever?
Load
DE
DL
Effort
Force
10N
DE
=
20cm
DL
=
80cm
What
force
of
a
load
could
be
liXed?
21. Mechanical
Advantage
• Mechanical
Advantage
is
the
raYo
between
the
load
and
effort.
• Mechanical
Advantage
deals
only
with
forces.
• Mechanical
Advantage
>
1
means
that
the
output
force
will
be
greater
than
the
input
force.
– (But
the
input
distance
will
need
to
be
greater
than
the
output
distance.)
22. • First and Second class levers have a positive mechanical
advantage.
• Third class levers have a mechanical disadvantage,
meaning you use more force that the force of the load you
lift.
Mechanical
Advantage
23. Movement
Ra=o
• Movement
RaYo
deals
with
the
distance
gained
or
lost
due
to
a
mechanical
advantage.
• Movement
RaYo
>1
means
that
the
input
distance
(or
effort)
to
move
a
load
will
be
greater
than
the
output
distance
of
the
load.
24. Mechanical Advantage: Example
Mechanical Advantage =
effort arm
resistance arm
Crazy Joe is moving bricks to build his cabin.
With the use of his simple machine, a lever, he moves
them easily.
The “effort arm” of his wheel barrow is 4ft., while the
resistance arm of his wheelbarrow is 1 ft.