1) The document discusses the status of surface water and groundwater in Ireland according to the Water Framework Directive. It provides interim status assessments showing the percentage of water bodies with high, good, moderate, poor, or bad ecological status.
2) Wastewater treatment plants, agriculture, forestry, and urban areas are cited as the main causes of surface water bodies having "less than good" status. For groundwater, agriculture is contributing to poor chemical status in many areas.
3) Key issues discussed include nitrogen and phosphates in water impacting seaweed blooms, groundwater as both an input to and pathway for surface waters, and groundwater-dependent ecosystems.
Jenny Deakin from the EPA Catchments Unit gave a Teagasc Signpost Seminar on April 20 2021. The seminar covered water quality, focused on the agricultural sector, and the solutions needed to improve water quality, and new tools to target the right measure in the right place. This includes upgraded Pollution Impact Potential Maps for Nitrogen and Phosphorus, together with overland flow and focused delivery points.
Invited plenary talk (part one) given by Prof. Farid El-Daoushy at the Inter. Radiation Protection Congress, Afrirpa-2010, Sept. 2010, Nairobi, Kenya, It summarizes assessing large-scale and long-term transport and accumulation processes of radioactivity, anthropogenic and human waste. It compares the impacts of such processes on European and Nile Basin surface water systems. Utilization of these instruments for decision making and for sustainable water management policies are also explained.
Jenny Deakin from the EPA Catchments Unit gave a Teagasc Signpost Seminar on April 20 2021. The seminar covered water quality, focused on the agricultural sector, and the solutions needed to improve water quality, and new tools to target the right measure in the right place. This includes upgraded Pollution Impact Potential Maps for Nitrogen and Phosphorus, together with overland flow and focused delivery points.
Invited plenary talk (part one) given by Prof. Farid El-Daoushy at the Inter. Radiation Protection Congress, Afrirpa-2010, Sept. 2010, Nairobi, Kenya, It summarizes assessing large-scale and long-term transport and accumulation processes of radioactivity, anthropogenic and human waste. It compares the impacts of such processes on European and Nile Basin surface water systems. Utilization of these instruments for decision making and for sustainable water management policies are also explained.
This presentation was given at the EPA’s National Water Event 2019, which took place on 29 and 30 May 2019 in Galway. This presentation by Professor Michael Bruen from UCD is on the Incorporation of ecosystem services values into the intergrated Management of Irish freshwater resources
In recent years, Westport residents noticed that the salt marsh islands in the Westport Rivers, particularly in the West Branch, were disappearing rapidly. In response, the Westport Fishermen’s Association, the Buzzards Bay Coalition, the Marine Biological Laboratory Ecosystems Center, and the Buzzards Bay National Estuary Program partnered to measure the rate of salt marsh loss in the Westport Rivers and try to identify causes of this erosion
Case study: Algae Control in Drinking Water ReservoirLG Sonic
Since the spring of 2014, four solar-powered algae control buoys are operating in the Canoe Brook Reservoir #1 in Short Hills, New Jersey to control algae and cyanobacteria in the raw water reservoir. The reservoir is managed by American Water, America’s largest publicly traded water and wastewater utility company.
An Evaluation of Heavy Metals Concentration in the Choba Section of the New ...Scientific Review SR
Assessment of heavy metals concentration in water and sediments of the Choba section of the New
Calabar River, Eastern Niger Delta were carried out. Seven (7) river sediments and twelve (12) surface water
samples were collected for the study. The heavy metals studied were: Mn, Pb, Zn, Fe, Cd, Cr, and Cu for in both
river sediment and surface water. The World Health Organization (WHO) standards were used in evaluating
Pollution Index (PI) of heavy metals in surface water. The Pollution Load Index (PLI) level of river sediments
ranged from 5.12 – 33.26, with only PLI values <1 considered unpolluted. The other samples analyzed revealed
high pollution levels, with Cu, Cr and Mn having moderate to considerable Contamination Factor levels, while
the others were of low levels. For surface water, Pb and Zn had high Pollution Index values, with Pb having PI
values ranging 10 – 211, with considerable contribution of pollutants from anthropogenic activities into the river.
There is urgent need for regular monitoring of the Choba section of the River. The regulatory government agency
responsible for protecting the environment should also pay adequate attention to this stretch of the river to avoid
further contamination.
This presentation was given as part of the EPA-funded Catchment Science and Management Course focusing on Integrated Catchment Management, held in June 2015. This course was delivered by RPS Consultants. If you have any queries or comments, or wish to use the material in this presentation, please contact catchments@epa.ie
It is increasingly being recognised internationally that integrated catchment management (ICM) is a useful organising framework for tackling the ongoing challenge of balancing sustainable use and development of our natural resource, against achieving environmental goals. The basic principles of ICM (Williams, 2012) are to:
• Take a holistic and integrated approach to the management of land, biodiversity, water and community resources at the water catchment scale;
• Involve communities in planning and managing their landscapes; and
• Find a balance between resource use and resource conservation
ICM is now well established in Australia, New Zealand, and the United States. In Europe the ICM approach has been proposed as being required to achieve effective water and catchment management, and is the approach being promoted by DEFRA for the UK, where it is called the “Catchment Based Approach” (CaBA). The principles and methodologies behind ICM sit well within the context of the Water Framework Directive with its aims and objectives for good water quality, sustainable development and public participation in water resource management. In Ireland it is proposed that the ICM approach will underlie the work and philosophy in developing and implementing future River Basin Management Plans.
West Falmouth Nitrogen-Reducing Septic System Demonstration Project - May 201...Buzzards Bay Coalition
The West Falmouth Nitrogen-Reducing Septic System Demonstration Project illustrates how nitrogen pollution can be reduced by upgrading on-site septic systems and cesspools.
This presentation was given at the EPA’s National Water Event 2019, which took place on 29 and 30 May 2019 in Galway. This presentation by Professor Michael Bruen from UCD is on the Incorporation of ecosystem services values into the intergrated Management of Irish freshwater resources
In recent years, Westport residents noticed that the salt marsh islands in the Westport Rivers, particularly in the West Branch, were disappearing rapidly. In response, the Westport Fishermen’s Association, the Buzzards Bay Coalition, the Marine Biological Laboratory Ecosystems Center, and the Buzzards Bay National Estuary Program partnered to measure the rate of salt marsh loss in the Westport Rivers and try to identify causes of this erosion
Case study: Algae Control in Drinking Water ReservoirLG Sonic
Since the spring of 2014, four solar-powered algae control buoys are operating in the Canoe Brook Reservoir #1 in Short Hills, New Jersey to control algae and cyanobacteria in the raw water reservoir. The reservoir is managed by American Water, America’s largest publicly traded water and wastewater utility company.
An Evaluation of Heavy Metals Concentration in the Choba Section of the New ...Scientific Review SR
Assessment of heavy metals concentration in water and sediments of the Choba section of the New
Calabar River, Eastern Niger Delta were carried out. Seven (7) river sediments and twelve (12) surface water
samples were collected for the study. The heavy metals studied were: Mn, Pb, Zn, Fe, Cd, Cr, and Cu for in both
river sediment and surface water. The World Health Organization (WHO) standards were used in evaluating
Pollution Index (PI) of heavy metals in surface water. The Pollution Load Index (PLI) level of river sediments
ranged from 5.12 – 33.26, with only PLI values <1 considered unpolluted. The other samples analyzed revealed
high pollution levels, with Cu, Cr and Mn having moderate to considerable Contamination Factor levels, while
the others were of low levels. For surface water, Pb and Zn had high Pollution Index values, with Pb having PI
values ranging 10 – 211, with considerable contribution of pollutants from anthropogenic activities into the river.
There is urgent need for regular monitoring of the Choba section of the River. The regulatory government agency
responsible for protecting the environment should also pay adequate attention to this stretch of the river to avoid
further contamination.
This presentation was given as part of the EPA-funded Catchment Science and Management Course focusing on Integrated Catchment Management, held in June 2015. This course was delivered by RPS Consultants. If you have any queries or comments, or wish to use the material in this presentation, please contact catchments@epa.ie
It is increasingly being recognised internationally that integrated catchment management (ICM) is a useful organising framework for tackling the ongoing challenge of balancing sustainable use and development of our natural resource, against achieving environmental goals. The basic principles of ICM (Williams, 2012) are to:
• Take a holistic and integrated approach to the management of land, biodiversity, water and community resources at the water catchment scale;
• Involve communities in planning and managing their landscapes; and
• Find a balance between resource use and resource conservation
ICM is now well established in Australia, New Zealand, and the United States. In Europe the ICM approach has been proposed as being required to achieve effective water and catchment management, and is the approach being promoted by DEFRA for the UK, where it is called the “Catchment Based Approach” (CaBA). The principles and methodologies behind ICM sit well within the context of the Water Framework Directive with its aims and objectives for good water quality, sustainable development and public participation in water resource management. In Ireland it is proposed that the ICM approach will underlie the work and philosophy in developing and implementing future River Basin Management Plans.
West Falmouth Nitrogen-Reducing Septic System Demonstration Project - May 201...Buzzards Bay Coalition
The West Falmouth Nitrogen-Reducing Septic System Demonstration Project illustrates how nitrogen pollution can be reduced by upgrading on-site septic systems and cesspools.
Talks provided at the Scottish Fisheries Co-ordination Centre/Institute of Fisheries Management MAPPING FISHERIES workshop in Edinburgh on March 1st-2nd 2016
Ecotoxicity & Risk Assessment of Mercury in the Grand Bay National Estuarine Research Reserve:
Profiling Mercury Distribution in the NERR by Cold Vapor Atomic Absorption Spectrometery
The Indian economy is classified into different sectors to simplify the analysis and understanding of economic activities. For Class 10, it's essential to grasp the sectors of the Indian economy, understand their characteristics, and recognize their importance. This guide will provide detailed notes on the Sectors of the Indian Economy Class 10, using specific long-tail keywords to enhance comprehension.
For more information, visit-www.vavaclasses.com
2024.06.01 Introducing a competency framework for languag learning materials ...Sandy Millin
http://sandymillin.wordpress.com/iateflwebinar2024
Published classroom materials form the basis of syllabuses, drive teacher professional development, and have a potentially huge influence on learners, teachers and education systems. All teachers also create their own materials, whether a few sentences on a blackboard, a highly-structured fully-realised online course, or anything in between. Despite this, the knowledge and skills needed to create effective language learning materials are rarely part of teacher training, and are mostly learnt by trial and error.
Knowledge and skills frameworks, generally called competency frameworks, for ELT teachers, trainers and managers have existed for a few years now. However, until I created one for my MA dissertation, there wasn’t one drawing together what we need to know and do to be able to effectively produce language learning materials.
This webinar will introduce you to my framework, highlighting the key competencies I identified from my research. It will also show how anybody involved in language teaching (any language, not just English!), teacher training, managing schools or developing language learning materials can benefit from using the framework.
Synthetic Fiber Construction in lab .pptxPavel ( NSTU)
Synthetic fiber production is a fascinating and complex field that blends chemistry, engineering, and environmental science. By understanding these aspects, students can gain a comprehensive view of synthetic fiber production, its impact on society and the environment, and the potential for future innovations. Synthetic fibers play a crucial role in modern society, impacting various aspects of daily life, industry, and the environment. ynthetic fibers are integral to modern life, offering a range of benefits from cost-effectiveness and versatility to innovative applications and performance characteristics. While they pose environmental challenges, ongoing research and development aim to create more sustainable and eco-friendly alternatives. Understanding the importance of synthetic fibers helps in appreciating their role in the economy, industry, and daily life, while also emphasizing the need for sustainable practices and innovation.
Ethnobotany and Ethnopharmacology:
Ethnobotany in herbal drug evaluation,
Impact of Ethnobotany in traditional medicine,
New development in herbals,
Bio-prospecting tools for drug discovery,
Role of Ethnopharmacology in drug evaluation,
Reverse Pharmacology.
Model Attribute Check Company Auto PropertyCeline George
In Odoo, the multi-company feature allows you to manage multiple companies within a single Odoo database instance. Each company can have its own configurations while still sharing common resources such as products, customers, and suppliers.
The Art Pastor's Guide to Sabbath | Steve ThomasonSteve Thomason
What is the purpose of the Sabbath Law in the Torah. It is interesting to compare how the context of the law shifts from Exodus to Deuteronomy. Who gets to rest, and why?
This is a presentation by Dada Robert in a Your Skill Boost masterclass organised by the Excellence Foundation for South Sudan (EFSS) on Saturday, the 25th and Sunday, the 26th of May 2024.
He discussed the concept of quality improvement, emphasizing its applicability to various aspects of life, including personal, project, and program improvements. He defined quality as doing the right thing at the right time in the right way to achieve the best possible results and discussed the concept of the "gap" between what we know and what we do, and how this gap represents the areas we need to improve. He explained the scientific approach to quality improvement, which involves systematic performance analysis, testing and learning, and implementing change ideas. He also highlighted the importance of client focus and a team approach to quality improvement.
How to Create Map Views in the Odoo 17 ERPCeline George
The map views are useful for providing a geographical representation of data. They allow users to visualize and analyze the data in a more intuitive manner.
1. Surface Water and Groundwater
Status
Donal Daly
Hydrometric & Groundwater Section
Environmental Protection Agency
Acknowledgement: Colleagues in EPA and on WFD Groundwater Working Group
2. Water Freamework Directive
Water Status
“A measure of the present”
Status is the key element determining
the measures to be employed in the
Reliability Based Decoding Management
Plans to achieve the objectives of the
Water Framework Directive
Based on an evaluation of:
pressures, physical settings and
monitoring results
4. Interim Status Assessment of
Rivers
River Qualit y – WFD I nt erim St at us
Ecological Class
Hi g h
Good
Moderat e
Poor
Bad
Num ber of Wat er Bodies
(9%)
738 (40%)
509 (28%)
389 (21%)
41 (2%)
173
5. Interim Status Assessment
of Lakes
Lak e Qualit y – WFD I nt erim St at us
Biological Class
Hi g h
Good
Moder at e
Poor
Bad
Num ber of Lak es
( 2 8 .0 % )
75 ( 27.7% )
94 ( 34.7% )
17 ( 6.3% )
9 ( 3.3% )
76
Surf ace Ar ea ( k m 2 )
3 7 .1 % )
204.4 ( 20.5% )
397.9 ( 40% )
7.1 ( 0.7% )
16.5 ( 1.7% )
369.6 (
6. Main Causes of “less than good”
Status Surface Water Bodies
Discharges from Wastewater Treatment
Plants (nutrients)
Diffuse Agriculture (resulting in inputs
of Phosphorus and N)
Forestry (sediment and Phosphorus)
Urban areas
8. Groundwater Status
Groundwater Directive
The overall aim of the WFD is to achieve
“Good Status” for all GWBs by 2015
Status
Scale: Status assesses Average GWB
Conditions
Local issues are managed under site
specific “Prevent or Limit” legislation, but
they may still impact on status
9. GWB Results:
Quantitative Status
4 GWBs at Poor Status
2 due to
unsustainable longterm abstraction
2 due to abstractions
impacting on the
supporting water
level/flow conditions
of wetlands
10. GWB Results:
Chemical Status
111 GWBs at POOR STATUS
Relates to 14% of RoIs area
Main Drivers:
MRP contributing to SW
Eutrophication (101 GWBs)
Metals from Historic
Mining Activities (5 GWBs)
Contaminated land / Urban
(2 GWBs)
Diffuse NO3 (2 GWBs)
11. Issues Arising (Selected)
1) Nitrogen & trac waters and sea lettuce
2) Groundwater as an input and a pathway to
surface water
3) Groundwater Dependent Terrestrial
Ecosystems
4) Phosphate in groundwater impacting on surface
water ecosystems
5) Groundwater Threshold Values
6) High status sites
7) Nitrate Trends
12. Who undertakes water
body classification?
Environment Protection Agency
undertakes and is responsible for this
work
Small Stream Risk Score method not
used for status; but part of investigative
monitoring
16. Nitrogen, TRAC Waters
and Sea Lettuce
16% of TRAC waters are eutrophic or potentially eutrophic.
Why? Due to the presence of nutrients, mainly Nitrogen &
Phosphorus.
Coastal waters (median) for N = 2.6 mg/l (or 12 mg/L) at fresh
water interface
Main Nitrogen Sources
diffuse agriculture
Short–term Implications:
A potential health hazard
An expensive and difficult collection & disposal issue
Medium to long–term Implications:
Investment in upgrading needed
Reduction in nitrate loss to groundwater
Lag time for reduction???
17. No longer sufficient to ‘see’
groundwater largely in terms of wells
Springs
Wells
20. Groundwater as a contributor to
groundwater dependent ecosystems
(GWDTEs)
Pollardstown Fen - a GWDTE
21. Surface of Groundwater
Progress
Very little
Environmental Supporting Conditions not
known:
Nitrogen & Phosphorus environmental quality
standards needed
groundwater level and flow conditions
22. Phosphate in GW:
Discussion
Rivers in blue are ‘less
than good’ status
mainly due to diffuse
pressures
PO4 in groundwater the
main cause in red
areas.
Specific measures to
reduce PO4 “leakage” to
GW may be needed
Will existing measures
23. Groundwater Threshold
Values (TVs)
TVs are in the Groundwater Regulations and have
been reported to the world
TVs are mean concentrations
TVs are not Emission Limit Values
TVs are trigger values that prompt further
investigation: not the boundary between GOOD and
POOR status
Parameter Threshold Value
Test
Reason for TV
must NO
Nitrate TVs 37.5 mg/lbe 3 appropriate to the receptor, e.g.
Drinking Water/General GWQ Protect Human Use
Human
TCE/PCE s 7.5 ug/l use (drinking water)
General GWQ
Surface
Chloride s 24 mg/l Cl water Saline Intrusion
s Wetlands
Conductivity 800 uS/cm
Saline Intrusion
MRP
35 ug/l P
Surface Water Quality
Ammonium 65 ug/l N
Surface Water Quality
Protect Human Use-Point Source
Upper Limit of NBL
Upper Limit of NBL
SW EQS
SW EQS
24. High Status Surface
Water Bodies
9% of rivers and 28% of lakes.
Number of high quality river sites halved in last 20
years.
High status Water Bodies are critical to species
biodiversity
Deterioration to ‘good’ not allowed, therefore
measures to prevent this of critical importance and a
high priority
Sensitive to pressures (forestry, farming, peat
extraction, rural housing) so ‘low level’ activities may
cause the deterioration
Additional measures to protect these areas likely to
be needed
32. Nitrate Trends in Rivers
NO3 concentrations are stable
43% of all (surveillance + operational)
stations had concentrations <10mg/l,
with 21% >25 mg/l
Over 70% of surveillance stations had
concentrations<10mg/l NO3, with 3%
>25mg/l
But more time and data needed to test
for statistical significance.
Here’s a spring in leitrim, which has a great supply. Groundwater is flowing from a pure bedded limestone – see the bedding planes – and utilising the bedding planes to flow along.
Unfortunately, this spring was polluted by nearby farming activities, so it is no longer used.