The document contains a list of words without any context or grouping. It is unclear what the intended purpose or meaning of the list is. There are no obvious connections between the words or themes that emerge from the random assortment of terms.

1.  Wednesday  Project
 Execute  Trio
 Executive  Hazard
 Relative  Exorbitant
 Exchequer  Suit
 Genre  Suite
 Wind chimes  Hotel
 Liaison  Vehicle
 Sesame  Academy
 Strategy  Academic
 Strategic  Academician
 Economics  Helped
 Economy  Competitive

2. Phonetics

3. DEFINITION
The science or study of speech sounds,
their production,
their analysis,
classification and
transcription.

4. Why to study Phonetics?

5. Language
 a system of communication
through speech
 written language - an attempt to
represent the spoken language by
visual symbols.

6. English Language
 English is not a phonographic language, i.e.
spelling generally does not give a clear
indication of pronunciation
 Necessary for Indian students to make a
systematic study of the English sound
system.

7. Sounds
 Consonants
 vowels

8. Vowels
 Air comes out freely through the mouth
 No closure of the air passage
 No narrowing of the passage that would
cause audible friction.

9. Consonants
 the closure or narrowing takes place

10. Classification of consonants
 Place of articulation
 Manner of articulation

11. Place of articulation
 Bilabial
 Labio-dental
 Dental
 Alveolar
 Post-alveolar
 Palato-alveolar
 Palatal
 Velar
 Glottal

13. Place of articulation
 Lips
 Teeth
 Teeth ridge
 Tip of the tongue
 Blade of the tongue
 Front of the tongue
 Back of the tongue
 Hard palate
 Soft palate

14. Bilabial Plosives / p, b /
 The air passage in the mouth is closed by the
two lips
 Soft palate is raised
 The lips are separated and the air is released
with explosion

15. Alveolar Plosives / t, d /
 The air passage is closed by the tip of
the tongue against the teeth ridge
 Soft palate is raised
 The tip of the tongue is suddenly
removed from the teeth ridge
 The air escapes with explosion

16. Velar Plosives / k, g /
 The air passage is closed by the
back of the tongue making a
contact with the soft palate
 Tongue is suddenly removed
 Air escapes with explosion

17. Affricates
 Air passage is completely closed by a contact
between the tip and blade of the tongue and
the teeth ridge
 The rims of the tongue making a contact with
the upper side teeth
 The front of the tongue and the soft palate
also raised
 The air is released slowly

18. Labio-dental Fricatives / f,v /
 Lower lip very close to the edge of upper
teeth, making a light contact
 Soft palate is raised
 The air comes out between the lower lip
and upper teeth with friction

19. Dental Fricatives
 The tip of the tongue is brought very
close to the edge of the upper teeth to
make a light touch
 Soft palate is raised
 The air passes between the tip and blade
of the tongue and the upper teeth

20. Alveolar Fricatives / s, z /
 The tip and the blade of the tongue are
brought very near the teeth ridge
 The air comes out through a narrow
groove
 The soft palate is raised

21. Palato- alveolar Fricatives
 The tip and blade of the tongue are brought
very near the teeth ridge
 The front of the tongue is also raised towards
the hard palate
 The air passes through the narrow passage
with audible friction
 The soft palate is raised

22. Glottal Fricative / h /
 Produced by the air coming through
a narrow glottis with audible friction
 The sound can also be regarded as
a voiceless beginning of the
following vowel
 It does not occur finally

23. Bilabial Nasal /m/
 The mouth passage is completely closed by
the lips
 The soft palate is lowered
 The air comes out through the nose

24. Alveolar Nasal /n/
 The tip of the tongue makes a closure
against the teeth ridge and the rims of the
tongue are against the upper side teeth
 The soft palate is lowered
 The air comes out through the nose

25. Velar Nasal
 The back of the tongue makes a
closure with the soft palate
 The soft palate is lowered and the
air escapes through the nose

26. Lateral /l/
 There is a closure in the middle
 Air comes out through the sides

28. Vowel sounds 12
as in these
as in bit
as in bed
as in bad

29. as in bus
as in card
as in hot
as in all
force
horse

30. as in book
as in rule
as in tube
as in serve
as in account
as in drama

31. DIPTHONGAL GLIDES (8)
 Mixture of two vowel sounds

32. as in gate
as in bite
as in boil
as in home

33. as in house
as in cheer
as in air
as in poor

34. CONSONANTS (24)
as in pen
as in bag

35. as in take
as in day
as in keep
as in gate

36. as in chain
as in join
as in face
as in vain

37. as in thank
as in then
as in see
as in zoo

38. as in shade
as in measure
as in hand
as in make

39. as in night
as in long
as in lamp

40. as in rain
as in yes
as in wait

41. Let us practise
about
breakfast
substance
gentleme
n
human

42. backward
standard
beggar
particular
drama

45. Prosodic characteristics of speech
 speech is more than a sequence of
sounds
 suprasegmental properties:
 length
 stress and accent
 intonation (pitch movement across
utterances and texts)

46. Length
 vowel length
 tense/lax (more and less effort)
sit seat

47. What is Word Stress?
 Take 3 words: photograph, photographer
and photographic, for example. Do they
sound the same when spoken? No!
They sound different, because *one*
syllable in each word is "stressed"
(stronger than the others).
 PHOtograph
 phoTOgrapher
 photoGRAPHic

48.  accent = Distinctive manner of oral
expression, "he couldn't suppress
his south indian accent”
 word stress, phrase stress,
sentence stress, delay green
house green house I went to the
zoo yesterday

49.  Here’s an example…
 A: The mice will go to the moon tomorrow to take over
the world.
B: Who?
A: The mice will go to the moon tomorrow to take over
the world.
C: Where?
A: The mice will go to the moon tomorrow to take over
the world.
D: When?
A: The mice will go to the moon tomorrow to take
over the world.
B: To do what?
A: The mice will go to the moon tomorrow to take
over the world!

50. Stress
/ rise
fall
/ rise-fall
/ fall-rise
// rise-fall-rise