This document discusses the blood transportation system. It covers how blood circulates at rest and during exercise to deliver oxygen to muscles via arteries, arterioles, and capillaries. It also explains how blood transports oxygen via hemoglobin and myoglobin. During exercise, blood flow is redistributed to working muscles through vasoconstriction and vasodilation, which controls the vascular shunt.

1. TOPIC 4 – BLOOD TRANSPORTATION SYSTEM
Understand the circulation of the blood at rest and during exercise
Understand the transport of oxygen and carbon dioxide by the blood, including the
roles of haemoglobin and myoglobin in oxygen transportation
Learning Outcomes:
A – Identify, describe and explain the key terms
relating to the blood transport system
CJ, CE
B – Identify and describe the key terms relating
to the blood transport system
SF, AC, JH, RM
C – Identify the key terms relating to the blood
transport system
JB, JB, AA, GB
Do Now Task – Try and recall any information from
GCSE to complete the blank heart cycle diagram

2. INTRODUCTION
Understand the circulation of the blood at rest and during exercise
Understand the transport of oxygen and carbon dioxide by the blood, including the roles of
haemoglobin and myoglobin in oxygen transportation
For our muscles to contract during exercise they need a constant
supply of oxygen.
The supply of oxygen is the function of the lungs and it uses a series of
tubes and blood vessels to transport this oxygen around the body. The
blood and blood vessels form the Blood Transport System.

3. INTRODUCTION
Understand the circulation of the blood at rest and during exercise
Understand the transport of oxygen and carbon dioxide by the blood, including the roles of
haemoglobin and myoglobin in oxygen transportation
Blood also carries other substances such as glucose, amino acids,
nutrients and hormones.
Blood is a fluid and therefore responds to changes in temperature and
redistributing it allows us to regulate our temperatures. Blood also
protects the body from infection though blood clotting and prevents a
loss of blood

4. CIRCULATION
Understand the circulation of the blood at rest and during exercise
Understand the transport of oxygen and carbon dioxide by the blood, including the roles of
haemoglobin and myoglobin in oxygen transportation
There is a major artery that supplies every part of the body with
blood from the heart.
What is the opposite?
There is a major vein that carries blood from every part of the body
back to the heart.
What is in the blood?

5. CIRCULATION
Understand the circulation of the blood at rest and during exercise
Understand the transport of oxygen and carbon dioxide by the blood, including the roles of
haemoglobin and myoglobin in oxygen transportation
Blood flows away from the heart through
ARTERIES
As they get closer to the muscles these arteries break off into small
vessels called
ARTERIOLES
Once in close proximity to the muscles these arterioles break even
smaller to
CAPILLARIES

6. CIRCULATION
Understand the circulation of the blood at rest and during exercise
Understand the transport of oxygen and carbon dioxide by the blood, including the roles of
haemoglobin and myoglobin in oxygen transportation
Once oxygen and carbon dioxide has exchanged the blood then
travels back through a series of vessels to the heart
There are 2 transport systems for the blood so that it
follows a figure of 8 pattern

7. PULMONARY CIRCULATION
Understand the circulation of the blood at rest and during exercise
Understand the transport of oxygen and carbon dioxide by the blood, including the roles of
haemoglobin and myoglobin in oxygen transportation

8. SYSTEMIC CIRCULATION
Understand the circulation of the blood at rest and during exercise
Understand the transport of oxygen and carbon dioxide by the blood, including the roles of
haemoglobin and myoglobin in oxygen transportation

9. ARTERIES AND VEINS
Understand the circulation of the blood at rest and during exercise
Understand the transport of oxygen and carbon dioxide by the blood, including the roles of
haemoglobin and myoglobin in oxygen transportation
The walls of both of these vessels have
three layers;
1. An inner endothelium
2. Middle layer of smooth muscle and
elastic fibre
3. An outer fibrous layer
Task – Use your books to independently
research the three structural features of
arteries, veins and capillaries

10. REDISTRIBUTION OF BLOOD DURING EXERCISE
Understand the circulation of the blood at rest and during exercise
Understand the transport of oxygen and carbon dioxide by the blood, including the roles of
haemoglobin and myoglobin in oxygen transportation
We have roughly 4-5 litres of blood in us and in our bodies there
are more capillaries than there is blood. So not every capillary has
blood at the same time.
This leads to competition in the body
Therefore when we are exercising blood is moved/shunted to the
working muscles from other parts of the body
Make a list of parts of the body that
would need more oxygen if running
a 1500m race. Are there any parts of
the body that will not need as much
CAPPILARIES CAPPILARIES
oxygen?
From where to
where?

11. VASCULAR SHUNT
Understand the circulation of the blood at rest and during exercise
Understand the transport of oxygen and carbon dioxide by the blood, including the roles of
haemoglobin and myoglobin in oxygen transportation
Vasoconstriction – The sphincters (ring of muscle) in the arterioles
contract and restrict blood flow
Vasodilation – These sphincters relax to allow flow of blood back
into the capillaries

12. REGULATION OF VASCULAR SHUNT
Understand the circulation of the blood at rest and during exercise
Understand the transport of oxygen and carbon dioxide by the blood, including the roles of
haemoglobin and myoglobin in oxygen transportation
How is this controlled?
Sympathetic Nervous System – Stimulation from these nerves
through impulses cause vasoconstriction.
These same nerves make arterioles elsewhere in the body dilate -
vasodilation

13. LOCAL FACTORS
Understand the circulation of the blood at rest and during exercise
Understand the transport of oxygen and carbon dioxide by the blood, including the roles of
haemoglobin and myoglobin in oxygen transportation
What other factors could trigger the vascular shunt?
- Drop in oxygen
- Rise in carbon dioxide
- Increase in acidity
- Muscle activity
What do we do to
trigger muscle activity
when taking part in
physical activity?

14. Task

15. WHERE DOES THE BLOOD GO
Understand the circulation of the blood at rest and during exercise
Understand the transport of oxygen and carbon dioxide by the blood, including the roles of
haemoglobin and myoglobin in oxygen transportation
More blood is distributed to the;
- Heart
- Working muscles
- Skin
Blood is taken away from;
- Liver
- Kidneys
- Digestive organs
Where does blood remain
the same?

16. TASK
Understand the circulation of the blood at rest and during exercise
Understand the transport of oxygen and carbon dioxide by the blood, including the roles of
haemoglobin and myoglobin in oxygen transportation
Can you complete the revision tool so that is includes all vital
information from the lessons.
Emphasising keywords and explanations.
Your work should include the following keywords;
Vasodilation, vasoconstriction, vascular shunt, artery, arterioles,
capillaries, venules, veins, structure, redistribution, circulation

17. QUESTIONS
When competing at maximum effort, a performer will experience changes in the way blood is
distributed around the body, compared to rest.
1. Explain why the blood flow to the brain remains the same at rest and during a game? (2)
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2. Explain why there is a need for blood flow to increase to the skeletal muscles during a game
an dhow it is achieved? (4)
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18. QUESTIONS
When competing at maximum effort, a performer will experience changes in the way blood is
distributed around the body, compared to rest.
1. Explain why the blood flow to the brain remains the same at rest and during a game? (2)
The brain doesn’t switch off during exercise so the blood flow remains the same so that it can
work just as hard
2. Explain why there is a need for blood flow to increase to the skeletal muscles during a game
and how it is achieved? (4)
Blood flow needs to increase in the skeletal muscles during exercise as they are working
harder needing oxygen quicker to break down glucose and make energy. This is achieved
through the vascular shunt. Vasoconstriction of capillaries supplying less important areas
such as the liver and digestive system occur and vasodilation of the
capillaries supplying the skeletal muscles happen so it increases the
blood flow and therefore its oxygen uptake