]mTm-kq-{X-W-tcJ 
A[ym-]I hnZym¿∞n-bpsS t]cv : kuay hn. Fkv. ¢mkv : 6 
hnZym-e-b-Øns‚ t]cv : hn.-hn. F®v.-F-kv.-F-kv. Hme-Øm∂n Ip´n-I-fpsS FÆw : 18 
hnjbw : ae-bmfw XobXn : 
GIIw : Σ-bpsS ]qa-c-߃ kabw : 45 ann‰v 
BapJw Iqcn-cp-´n¬ s]´p-g-ep∂ temI-Ønv kXy-Øns‚ shfn®w ImWn-®p-sIm-Sp-Ø-Xns‚ t]cn¬ apƒIn-co-Shpw Nm¿Øn 
{Iqc-amb nb-a-Øns‚ Iqc-ºn≥ ap-I-fn¬ tbip-hnv hn{i-an-t°-≠n-h-∂p. XnΣbpsS Ccp-´n¬ n∂v temIsØ 
c£n-®-Xn-mWv tbip-hns {Iqin¬ Xd-®-Xv. ap-jy--Σ-bv°mbn temI-P--X-bpsS ]m]w G‰p-hmßn {Iqin-X- 
mb tbip-{In-kvXp-hns hmgvØp∂ Hcp Ihn-X-bmWv Fw.-]n. AΠs‚ Ipcn-in¬ F∂ Ihn-X. 
]T--e-£y߃ •Ihn-X-Iƒ°p CuWw Is≠-Øm≥ Ignhp tSp-I. 
•Ihn-X-Iƒ `mhw Dƒs°m≠v Ah-X-cn-Πn-°m≥ Ign-hp-t-Sp-I. 
• kmaq-lnI Pohn-X-Ønse Σ-Iƒ hnIm-c-Xo-{h-ambn Bhn-jvI-cn-°p∂ Ihn-X-Iƒ ]cn-N-b-sΠ-Sp-Øp-∂-Xn-eqsS 
kz¥w Pohn-X-Ønepw Ah-bpsS Awi-߃ kzoI-cn-°m≥ {]tNm-Zw ¬Ip-I. 
]mTm-]-{K-Yw tbip-{In-kvXp-hns‚ XymK-kp-c-`n-e-amb Pohn-X-Øn¬ n∂pw {]tNm-Z--apƒs°m≠v XymKw Pohn-X-{h-X-am-° 
p∂ hy‡n-I-fp-≠mIpw F∂ hnfw-cw Fw.-]n. AΠs‚ Ipcn-in¬ F∂ Cu Ihn-X-bn-eqsS a-kn-em-°n-X-cp-∂p. 
Ao-Xn-I-fp-sSbpw ZpjvS-X-bp-sSbpw A‘-Im-c-Øn¬sΠ´v ´w-Xn-cn™ temI-Ønv kXy-Øns‚ {]`m- 
]qcw sNmcn-™-Xp-sIm≠v {Iqc-n-b-a-Øns‚ BWn ap-I-fn¬ apƒIn-coSw Nm¿Øn tbip-tZ-hv hn{i-an-t°-≠n-h-∂ 
p. ]qtan Ipcn-in¬ Xd-bv°-sΠ´v sImSnb thZ Ap-`-hn-°p∂ tcØpw B kvtl-io-e≥ I¿Øm-hn-t 
mSv Xs∂ {Iqin-®-htmSv s]mdp-t°-Wta F∂mWv {]m¿∞n-®-Xv. At±-l-Øns‚ apdn-hn¬ n∂v C‰n-‰p-ho-gp∂ 
IcpW ckw nd™ Hmtcm Xp≈n-t®m-cbpw sNº-o¿Πq-hp-I-fmbn hnS-cp-sa∂v Ihn {]Xo-£n-°p-∂p. XymK-Øns‚ 
Im¥n-n-d™ B ]pjv]-߃ in-°msX F∂pw `qan-bnepw kz¿K-Ønepw kpK‘w ]cØpsa∂pw 
Xs∂-bmWv Ihn-bpsS hnizmkw
]mTy-]-≤XnDt±iyw qX ]Zw Is≠-Øp-∂Xnv 
Bibw Is≠-Øp-∂-Xnv 
]q¿hm¿PnX !IhnX sNm√m--dnbmw 
tijn-Iƒ !Bibw Is≠-Øm--dnbmw 
]T-tm-]-I-c-W-߃ Fw.-]n. AΠs‚ Nn{Xw ˛ ss…Uv 
tbip-hns‚ {Iqio-I-cW thf-bnse bm{X-I-fpsS Nn{Xw ˛ ss…Uv 
]Z-{]ivw Xa v 
{]`m-]qcw 
aq¿Jamw 
{]iv-ta-Je hniz-am--h≥ F∂ Imgv®-ΠmSv cq]-sΠ-SmØ Ahÿ
{]h¿Øw {]Xn-I-cWw 
aps∂m-cp°w 
A[ym-]nI kulrZ kw`m-j-W-Øn¬ G¿sΠ-Sp-Ibpw ap∂-dnhv ]cn-tim-[n-°p-∂-Xn-mbn 
eLp-hmb NnetNmZy߃ tNmZn-°p-Ibpw sNøp-∂p. Ip´n-Iƒ tNmZy-Ønv 
!tbip-m-Y-s-°p-dn®v n߃s°-¥-dnbmw DØcw ]d-bp∂p 
!tbip-m-Y≥ B¿°p-th-≠n-bmWv Poh≥XymKw sNbvX-Xv. 
XpS¿∂v A[ym-]nI ]mT-Øn-tebv°v {]th-in-°p-∂p. 
Ipcn-in¬ 
˛ F≥.-]n. AΠ≥ 
!XpS¿∂v em]vtSm-Πns‚ klm-b-tØmsS Fw.-]n. AΠs‚ Nn{Xw ss…Uv {]k-t‚-j-n-eqsS Ip´n-Iƒ ]h¿t]m-bns‚ 
Ip´n-Iƒ°v ]cn-N-b-sΠ-Sp-Øp-∂p. {]k-t‚-j≥ {i≤n-°p-∂p. 
!tbip-m-Ys‚ {Iqio-I-cW thf-bnse bmY--Iƒ ss…Uv {]k-t‚-j-n-eqsS Ah-X-cn-Πn-°p-∂p. 
Fw.-]n. AΠ≥ 
Pw : 1913 am¿®v 30 
{]ikvXn : A[ym-]-I≥ 
kmln-Xy-Im-c≥ F∂o ne-I-fn¬ {]i-kvX-mbn 
_lp-aXn : DZym--kqw 1973 se tIcf kmlnXy A°m-Zan Ahm¿Uv tSn 
1989 ¬ kmlnXy A°mZan s^tem-jn-Πv. 
1998 ¬ Fgp-Ø-®≥ ]pc-kvImcw 
acWw : 2003 Unkw-¿ 10 v
IrXn-Iƒ 
{]kmZw 
DZym--kqXw 
kXy-Z¿iw 
Xncp-a-[pcw 
Imbpw Inbpw 
F.-B¿.-ap-X¬ amcm-h¿hsc 
XpS¿∂v Ipcn-in¬ F∂ ]mT-`m-K-Øn-tebv°v {]th-in-°p-∂p. 
Ip´n-I-tfmSv Ihn-Xbv°v CuWw Is≠-Øm≥ Bh-iy-sΠ-Sp-∂p. Ip´n-Iƒ {KqΠmbn IhnX 
Ip´n-Isf {KqΠmbn IhnX sNm√nΠn-°p-∂p. sNm√p∂p 
qX ]Zw Is≠-Øp-hm≥ Bh-iy-sΠ-Sp-∂p. ]Z-Øns‚ A¿∞w A[ym-]nI 
]d-™p-sIm-Sp-°p-∂p. 
XpS¿∂v Ihn-X-bpsS Bibw Ip´n-I-sf-s°m≠v ]d-bn-°p-∂p. IqSp-X¬ 
hy‡-ambn A[ym-]nI Bibw ]d-™p-sIm-Sp-°p-∂p. 
{]h¿Øw ˛1 (B-ibw Is≠-Øp-I) {]h¿Ø-Øn-te¿sΠ-Sp-∂p. 
Ipcn-in¬ F∂ Ihn-X-bpsS Bibw Is≠-ØpI? 
XpS¿{]-h¿Øw 
tbip Ipcn-in¬ Ap-`-hn® XymKw nßsf F{X-am{Xw kzm[o-n-®p. Ipdn-sΠ-gp-XpI?

Lesson Plane

  • 1.
    ]mTm-kq-{X-W-tcJ A[ym-]I hnZym¿∞n-bpsSt]cv : kuay hn. Fkv. ¢mkv : 6 hnZym-e-b-Øns‚ t]cv : hn.-hn. F®v.-F-kv.-F-kv. Hme-Øm∂n Ip´n-I-fpsS FÆw : 18 hnjbw : ae-bmfw XobXn : GIIw : Σ-bpsS ]qa-c-߃ kabw : 45 ann‰v BapJw Iqcn-cp-´n¬ s]´p-g-ep∂ temI-Ønv kXy-Øns‚ shfn®w ImWn-®p-sIm-Sp-Ø-Xns‚ t]cn¬ apƒIn-co-Shpw Nm¿Øn {Iqc-amb nb-a-Øns‚ Iqc-ºn≥ ap-I-fn¬ tbip-hnv hn{i-an-t°-≠n-h-∂p. XnΣbpsS Ccp-´n¬ n∂v temIsØ c£n-®-Xn-mWv tbip-hns {Iqin¬ Xd-®-Xv. ap-jy--Σ-bv°mbn temI-P--X-bpsS ]m]w G‰p-hmßn {Iqin-X- mb tbip-{In-kvXp-hns hmgvØp∂ Hcp Ihn-X-bmWv Fw.-]n. AΠs‚ Ipcn-in¬ F∂ Ihn-X. ]T--e-£y߃ •Ihn-X-Iƒ°p CuWw Is≠-Øm≥ Ignhp tSp-I. •Ihn-X-Iƒ `mhw Dƒs°m≠v Ah-X-cn-Πn-°m≥ Ign-hp-t-Sp-I. • kmaq-lnI Pohn-X-Ønse Σ-Iƒ hnIm-c-Xo-{h-ambn Bhn-jvI-cn-°p∂ Ihn-X-Iƒ ]cn-N-b-sΠ-Sp-Øp-∂-Xn-eqsS kz¥w Pohn-X-Ønepw Ah-bpsS Awi-߃ kzoI-cn-°m≥ {]tNm-Zw ¬Ip-I. ]mTm-]-{K-Yw tbip-{In-kvXp-hns‚ XymK-kp-c-`n-e-amb Pohn-X-Øn¬ n∂pw {]tNm-Z--apƒs°m≠v XymKw Pohn-X-{h-X-am-° p∂ hy‡n-I-fp-≠mIpw F∂ hnfw-cw Fw.-]n. AΠs‚ Ipcn-in¬ F∂ Cu Ihn-X-bn-eqsS a-kn-em-°n-X-cp-∂p. Ao-Xn-I-fp-sSbpw ZpjvS-X-bp-sSbpw A‘-Im-c-Øn¬sΠ´v ´w-Xn-cn™ temI-Ønv kXy-Øns‚ {]`m- ]qcw sNmcn-™-Xp-sIm≠v {Iqc-n-b-a-Øns‚ BWn ap-I-fn¬ apƒIn-coSw Nm¿Øn tbip-tZ-hv hn{i-an-t°-≠n-h-∂ p. ]qtan Ipcn-in¬ Xd-bv°-sΠ´v sImSnb thZ Ap-`-hn-°p∂ tcØpw B kvtl-io-e≥ I¿Øm-hn-t mSv Xs∂ {Iqin-®-htmSv s]mdp-t°-Wta F∂mWv {]m¿∞n-®-Xv. At±-l-Øns‚ apdn-hn¬ n∂v C‰n-‰p-ho-gp∂ IcpW ckw nd™ Hmtcm Xp≈n-t®m-cbpw sNº-o¿Πq-hp-I-fmbn hnS-cp-sa∂v Ihn {]Xo-£n-°p-∂p. XymK-Øns‚ Im¥n-n-d™ B ]pjv]-߃ in-°msX F∂pw `qan-bnepw kz¿K-Ønepw kpK‘w ]cØpsa∂pw Xs∂-bmWv Ihn-bpsS hnizmkw
  • 2.
    ]mTy-]-≤XnDt±iyw qX ]ZwIs≠-Øp-∂Xnv Bibw Is≠-Øp-∂-Xnv ]q¿hm¿PnX !IhnX sNm√m--dnbmw tijn-Iƒ !Bibw Is≠-Øm--dnbmw ]T-tm-]-I-c-W-߃ Fw.-]n. AΠs‚ Nn{Xw ˛ ss…Uv tbip-hns‚ {Iqio-I-cW thf-bnse bm{X-I-fpsS Nn{Xw ˛ ss…Uv ]Z-{]ivw Xa v {]`m-]qcw aq¿Jamw {]iv-ta-Je hniz-am--h≥ F∂ Imgv®-ΠmSv cq]-sΠ-SmØ Ahÿ
  • 3.
    {]h¿Øw {]Xn-I-cWw aps∂m-cp°w A[ym-]nI kulrZ kw`m-j-W-Øn¬ G¿sΠ-Sp-Ibpw ap∂-dnhv ]cn-tim-[n-°p-∂-Xn-mbn eLp-hmb NnetNmZy߃ tNmZn-°p-Ibpw sNøp-∂p. Ip´n-Iƒ tNmZy-Ønv !tbip-m-Y-s-°p-dn®v n߃s°-¥-dnbmw DØcw ]d-bp∂p !tbip-m-Y≥ B¿°p-th-≠n-bmWv Poh≥XymKw sNbvX-Xv. XpS¿∂v A[ym-]nI ]mT-Øn-tebv°v {]th-in-°p-∂p. Ipcn-in¬ ˛ F≥.-]n. AΠ≥ !XpS¿∂v em]vtSm-Πns‚ klm-b-tØmsS Fw.-]n. AΠs‚ Nn{Xw ss…Uv {]k-t‚-j-n-eqsS Ip´n-Iƒ ]h¿t]m-bns‚ Ip´n-Iƒ°v ]cn-N-b-sΠ-Sp-Øp-∂p. {]k-t‚-j≥ {i≤n-°p-∂p. !tbip-m-Ys‚ {Iqio-I-cW thf-bnse bmY--Iƒ ss…Uv {]k-t‚-j-n-eqsS Ah-X-cn-Πn-°p-∂p. Fw.-]n. AΠ≥ Pw : 1913 am¿®v 30 {]ikvXn : A[ym-]-I≥ kmln-Xy-Im-c≥ F∂o ne-I-fn¬ {]i-kvX-mbn _lp-aXn : DZym--kqw 1973 se tIcf kmlnXy A°m-Zan Ahm¿Uv tSn 1989 ¬ kmlnXy A°mZan s^tem-jn-Πv. 1998 ¬ Fgp-Ø-®≥ ]pc-kvImcw acWw : 2003 Unkw-¿ 10 v
  • 4.
    IrXn-Iƒ {]kmZw DZym--kqXw kXy-Z¿iw Xncp-a-[pcw Imbpw Inbpw F.-B¿.-ap-X¬ amcm-h¿hsc XpS¿∂v Ipcn-in¬ F∂ ]mT-`m-K-Øn-tebv°v {]th-in-°p-∂p. Ip´n-I-tfmSv Ihn-Xbv°v CuWw Is≠-Øm≥ Bh-iy-sΠ-Sp-∂p. Ip´n-Iƒ {KqΠmbn IhnX Ip´n-Isf {KqΠmbn IhnX sNm√nΠn-°p-∂p. sNm√p∂p qX ]Zw Is≠-Øp-hm≥ Bh-iy-sΠ-Sp-∂p. ]Z-Øns‚ A¿∞w A[ym-]nI ]d-™p-sIm-Sp-°p-∂p. XpS¿∂v Ihn-X-bpsS Bibw Ip´n-I-sf-s°m≠v ]d-bn-°p-∂p. IqSp-X¬ hy‡-ambn A[ym-]nI Bibw ]d-™p-sIm-Sp-°p-∂p. {]h¿Øw ˛1 (B-ibw Is≠-Øp-I) {]h¿Ø-Øn-te¿sΠ-Sp-∂p. Ipcn-in¬ F∂ Ihn-X-bpsS Bibw Is≠-ØpI? XpS¿{]-h¿Øw tbip Ipcn-in¬ Ap-`-hn® XymKw nßsf F{X-am{Xw kzm[o-n-®p. Ipdn-sΠ-gp-XpI?