This document provides information about the structures and functions of organelles found in typical animal and plant cells. It describes the nucleus, endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi apparatus, mitochondria, chloroplasts, lysosomes, ribosomes, and centrioles. The nucleus contains the cell's genetic material and directs protein synthesis. The endoplasmic reticulum transports proteins and lipids. The Golgi apparatus modifies and packages proteins. Mitochondria generate energy. Chloroplasts perform photosynthesis. Lysosomes contain digestive enzymes. Ribosomes assemble proteins. Centrioles form the spindle during cell division. The document also provides diagrams and descriptions of the structures of these organelles.

2. http://learn.genetics.utah.edu/content/begin/cells/insidea

3.  describe and interpret drawings and photographs
of typical animal and plant cells, as seen using the
electron microscope, recognising the following:
rough endoplasmic reticulum and smooth
endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi apparatus,
mitochondria, ribosomes, lysosomes, chloroplasts,
cell surface membrane, nuclear envelope,
centrioles, nucleus and nucleolus;
 outline the functions of the structures listed in (c);

4. Eukaryotic Cell – Plant or Animal Cell (Has a
nucleus)

5. Eukaryotic Cell organelles
1)Nucleus
2) Endoplastic reticulum
3) Golgi apparatus
4) Mitochondria
5) Chloroplasts
6) Lysosomes
7) Ribosomes
8) Centrioles

6. Structure
 Largest organelle
 Spherical
 Dark
patches=chromatin
Surrounded by nuclear
envelope
 Composed of 2 fluid Function
filled membranes  Contains genetic material
 Has nuclear pore-  Chromatin consists of DNA and
allows large molecules proteins
through  Contains instructions for
Nucleolus inside making proteins
 When cells divide, chromatin
condenses into visible
chromosomes
 Nucleolus makes RNA and
ribosomes.

7. Structure:
 Consists of flattened
membrane-bound sacs -
cisternae which are continuous
with the outer nuclear
membrane.
 RER- Ribosomes
Smooth ER- no Ribosomes
Function:
Smooth ER- Involved in making Lipids
RER- Transports proteins made on attached
ribosomes

8. Golgi Apparatus
Structure:
 Stack of membrane-bound,
flattened sacs
Function:
 Receives proteins from the ER
 Modifies them e.g. adds sugar
(Post office)
 Packages proteins into vesicles
to be transported inside cell or to the
outside

9. Mitochondria Function
 Site where ATP
Structure: is produced during
 2 membranes respiration
separated by a fluid filled
space
 Inner membrane is
folded to form cristae
 Central part is the
matrix.

10. Chloroplasts
Structure:
 2 membranes Function:
separated by fluid filled  Site of photosynthesis
space  Light energy is used to derive
 Inner membrane is carbohydrate molecules from
continuous with a carbon dioxide.
network of thylakoids
 A stack of thylakoids
is called a granum
 Chlorophyll
molecules are present
on these membranes.

11. Function:
 Contain digestive enzymes
which break down materials
 e.g. specialised lysosome
(acrosome) in head of sperm
cells helps it penetrate the egg.
Structure:
 Spherical sacs surrounded by
a single membrane
http://highered.mcgraw-hill.com/sites/0072495855

12. Organelles NOT surrounded by membranes
 Ribosomes
Centrioles

13. 80S Ribosome
Structure
 Very small organelles in the
cytoplasm and bound to rough
ER
 Consist of 2 subunits.
Function:
 Site of protein synthesis which acts
as an assembly line to use mRNA to
assemble proteins.

14. Centrioles
Structure
 Small protein tubes of
microtubules.
Function:
 Form fibres in cell division known as
spindles which separate chromosomes.

15. Making Cells
Make a model of a plant or animal cell out of
plastercine
You should label the organelles and write a brief
function on a cocktail label!!

17. RER

18. SER

19. Golgi Apparatus

20. Mitochondria

21. Chloroplast

22. Homework Essay
In this question, one mark is available for the quality of written
communication.
Plant cells are also eukaryotic.
Outline the function(s) of each part of a plant cell.
(Allow one and a half lined pages).
[9]
Quality of Written Communication [1]
[Total 10 marks]