2. Learning Intention and Success
Criteria
Learning Intention: Students will understand that
what a Permutation matrix is and how it can be used
to rearrange the rows or columns of a matrix
Success Criteria: You will be able to create and use
Permutation matrices to rearrange the rows and
columns of a matrix
3. Definition of a Permutation Matrix
Permutation Matrix: A matrix, P, such that P is a
square matrix made up of only ones and zeros and
each row and column have exactly one one.
Ex:
𝑃 =
0 0 1
1 0 0
0 1 0
or 𝑃 =
0 1
1 0
4. Definition of a Permutation Matrix
Notice that I, the identity matrix, is a special case of a
Permutation matrix where all of the ones are on the
leading diagonal
Permutation matrices are similar to the identity
matrix in that when you multiply by it, the values
don’t change
Permutation matrices are different to the identity
matrix in that they rearrange the rows or the columns
of the matrix.
5. How to use Permutation Matrices
For some matrix A and permutation matrix 𝑃,
𝑃 × 𝐴 is a row permutation
This will rearrange the rows of A
Rows always go before columns, so if 𝑃 is before, it's a
row permutation
𝐴 × 𝑃 is a column permutation
This will rearrange the columns of A
6. How to use Permutation Matrices
For some matrix A and permutation matrix 𝑃
If 𝑃 is a row permutation matrix,
Then, if 𝑝𝑖,𝑗 = 1, row 𝑗 is moved to row 𝑖
If 𝑃 is a column permutation matrix,
Then, if 𝑝𝑖,𝑗 = 1, column 𝑖 is moved to column 𝑗
7. Using a Permutation Matrix
Ex 1: 𝐴 =
1 2
3 4
5 6
, 𝑃 =
0 1 0
0 0 1
1 0 0
, calculate P× 𝐴 and describe the transformations.
𝑃 × 𝐴 =
0 1 0
0 0 1
1 0 0
×
1 2
3 4
5 6
𝑃 × 𝐴 =
3 4
5 6
1 2
Transformations:
𝑝1,2 = 1, so row 2 goes to row 1
𝑝2,3 = 1, so row 3 goes to row 2
𝑝3,1 = 1, so row 1 goes to row 3
8. Using a Permutation Matrix
Ex 1: 𝐴 =
1 2 3
4 5 6
create a matrix product which results in the matrix
3 1 2
6 4 5
Columns have been rearranged, so we are looking for A × 𝑃
Since A is 2 × 3 , so since P is square P is a (3 × 3)
Column 1 goes to column 2, so 𝑝12 = 1
Column 2 goes to column 3, so 𝑝23 = 1
Column 3 goes to column 1, so 𝑝31 = 1
𝐴 × 𝑃 =
1 2 3
4 5 6
0 1 0
0 0 1
1 0 0
𝐴 × 𝑃 =
3 1 2
6 4 5
So P =
0 1 0
0 0 1
1 0 0