The document discusses the importance of skilled human resources for development. It makes three key points: 1. Skilled human resources are critical infrastructure for development because they can effectively mobilize other resources like natural resources, plan development projects, and produce goods and services. 2. A country's level of development depends greatly on how well it produces and utilizes skilled labor through technical education and vocational training programs. Developed nations have highly skilled workforces. 3. There is a strong relationship between skilled labor and employment/income opportunities. People with skills more easily find jobs that pay well and have benefits, which allows for better standards of living and contributes to overall national development. Countries must work to align skills training with

1. नमस्ते
• नर बहादुर पुन
माउण्ट एभरेष्ट माध्यममक
विद्यालय
विरेन्द्रनगर-१ सुर्खेत
Class: 10 [Social Studies] 2nd Period 2077 Shrawan 1

2. Lesson 2.3
Infrastructures of
Development: Skilled
Human Resource and
Employment

3. Revision (lesson:2.2)
Reasons behind not completing development project
in time
 Capital deficiency (Not sufficient Budget)
 Excessive dependency on foreign aid
 Corruption and bad governance
 Political instability
 Band, Strikes and insecurity
 Poor public participation
 Lack of skilled human resource
 Impractical and too ambitious plans
 Lack of Proper supervision and inspection
Class: 10 [Social Studies] 2nd Period 2077 Shrawan
3
Lesson:2.3
Teacher-Nar Bahadur Pun School: Mount Everest Secondary School Surkhet Class: 10 (Social)
email:sharad.np7@gmail.com Mobile: 9848193583

4. Revision…
Above mentioned problems can be tackled by using following
methods
 Proper mobilization of internal and external sources
 Maintain transparency and good governance
 End the existing transitional phase and establish political
stability
 Early settlement of all forms of political conflicts
 Encourage public participation by empowering local levels
 Timely implementation of federalism and proposed
decentralization
 Produce required skilled human resources through technical
education and vocational training.
 Prioritize development of science and technology and establish
enough training centers
 Develop a system of proper planning and its implementation
 Develop a system of regular supervision and inspection
Class: 10 [Social Studies] 2nd Period 2077 Shrawan
4
Lesson:2.3
Teacher-Nar Bahadur Pun School: Mount Everest Secondary School Surkhet Class: 10 (Social)
email:sharad.np7@gmail.com Mobile: 9848193583

5. Scanning
 The role of skilled human resource is
very big in development work of a
nation. It can produce other resources
and generate employment opportunity
too. The government should plan on
producing skilled human resource and
mobilize them within the nation
discouraging brain drain.
Class: 10 [Social Studies] 2nd Period 2077 Shrawan
5
Lesson:2.3
Teacher-Nar Bahadur Pun School: Mount Everest Secondary School Surkhet Class: 10 (Social)
email:sharad.np7@gmail.com Mobile: 9848193583

6. Background
 Infrastructures are the basic requirements needed
for running any activity in a nation. The
infrastructures such as means, resources,
technology, structures, peace, etc. are key factors
to progress. Among them too, resources in a
country play pivotal (essential) role because
unless they are utilized, there is no
materialization in development work. The sources
are two types;
 Natural Resources
 Human Resources
Class: 10 [Social Studies] 2nd Period 2077 Shrawan
6
Lesson:2.3
Teacher-Nar Bahadur Pun School: Mount Everest Secondary School Surkhet Class: 10 (Social)
email:sharad.np7@gmail.com Mobile: 9848193583

7. Natural Resources
 The useful materials that we get from the
earth naturally are natural means and
resources. They can be biotic, such as
fossil fuels (coal, oil and natural gas),
animals and plants formed from living
things or organic materials; or abiotic such
as sunlight, air, water and minerals
originated from non-living things or organic
materials; or abiotic such ass sunlight, air,
water and minerals originated from non-
living and inorganic materials.
Class: 10 [Social Studies] 2nd Period 2077 Shrawan
7
Lesson:2.3
Teacher-Nar Bahadur Pun School: Mount Everest Secondary School Surkhet Class: 10 (Social)
email:sharad.np7@gmail.com Mobile: 9848193583

8. Human Resources
 The people who make up the workforce of an
organization, business, economy or nation are
called human resources. They are related to
skill, knowledge and motivation. Though both
of the resources discussed above are required
for development work, human resource holds a
greater significance. It is so because human
resource is an active agent on bringing
economic, political and social changes. It can
mobilize the natural resources, and means
available in a nation. Natural resources
become useless unless there are human
resources. They are also of different types:
unskilled, semi skilled, skilled. (We have
discussed in Unit 1)
Class: 10 [Social Studies] 2nd Period 2077 Shrawan
8
Lesson:2.3
Teacher-Nar Bahadur Pun School: Mount Everest Secondary School Surkhet Class: 10 (Social)
email:sharad.np7@gmail.com Mobile: 9848193583

9. Human …
Among the types of human resources too,
skilled human resource is very important
for sustainable growth of a country.
Developed countries have touched the
acme (Zenith/high point) of progress due
to the proper mobilization of skilled
human resources. Unlike this, the
underdeveloped and developing nations
are backward due to the lack of such
resources.
Class: 10 [Social Studies] 2nd Period 2077 Shrawan
9
Lesson:2.3
Teacher-Nar Bahadur Pun School: Mount Everest Secondary School Surkhet Class: 10 (Social)
email:sharad.np7@gmail.com Mobile: 9848193583

10. Importance of Human resources
There is great role of human resource for the development
of a country. The importance of human resource for
development are mentioned in the following points;
 Skilled human resources mobilize the natural resources
properly and hence makes development activity effective.
 They can make effective plans and policies about the
mobilization of the resources.
 Skilled human resources, especially the technical one, can
make maximum utilization of resources with minimum
effort.
 They produce goods and services required for the
population of the country.
 They carry out the work of construction, manufacture,
production, utilization and mobilization of raw materials.
Class: 10 [Social Studies] 2nd Period 2077 Shrawan
10
Lesson:2.3
Teacher-Nar Bahadur Pun School: Mount Everest Secondary School Surkhet Class: 10 (Social)
email:sharad.np7@gmail.com Mobile: 9848193583

11. Importance …
 They also provide expert service, advices and
suggestions.
 The highly qualified and dexterous (skillful) human
resources also make inventions, discoveries and new
research and study in the field of development. Such
inventions and discoveries are helpful for
development.
 They also produce necessary raw materials and search
areas of developing too.
 They can form economic, social, and political
organizations and disseminate ideas and awareness
among people.
Therefore, skilled human resource is necessary for
carrying out of development activities in a country.
Class: 10 [Social Studies] 2nd Period 2077 Shrawan
11
Lesson:2.3
Teacher-Nar Bahadur Pun School: Mount Everest Secondary School Surkhet Class: 10 (Social)
email:sharad.np7@gmail.com Mobile: 9848193583

12. Strategies/Methods of producing Skilled
Human Resources
As mentioned above human resources can be made more
productive and useful by educating and training them. The
following are the ways of producing skilled human resources.
a. Provide diverse types of educational facilities and services.
b. Develop technical and vocational education according to
national needs and demands.
c. Provide enough opportunities of training and career building
d. Focus on development of science and technology
e. Encourage technical studies, researches, and innovations.
f. Change education policy as per changes in time and
circumstances
g. Maintain good governance, peace and stability.
Class: 10 [Social Studies] 2nd Period 2077 Shrawan
12
Lesson:2.3
Teacher-Nar Bahadur Pun School: Mount Everest Secondary School Surkhet Class: 10 (Social)
email:sharad.np7@gmail.com Mobile: 9848193583

13. Relation between skilled human resouce and
employment
 We know already that skilled human resources are
more productive and useful and get better job and
more easily. Without proper education and training,
they may not be offered good jobs. Unskilled people
have to be engaged in physical labour only. Less
skilled people in a job may even be replaced when
more skilled are available. In this light, Jim Collins, a
famous US business consultant and author has rightly
said, “Get the right people on the bus and the wrong
people off the bus”. Therefore skilled people get jobs
easier, earn more and live better.
 It Must also have been clear to you that skilled human
resources have to be prepared according to the need
and demands of a certain labour market.
Class: 10 [Social Studies] 2nd Period 2077 Shrawan
13
Lesson:2.3
Teacher-Nar Bahadur Pun School: Mount Everest Secondary School Surkhet Class: 10 (Social)
email:sharad.np7@gmail.com Mobile: 9848193583

14. Relation …
 To put in another way, manpower provision should fit
the available employment opportunities. If newly
produced skilled human resources remain unused or
unemployment for long, this is just waste of
investment made for the production. That way, a
country cannot progress well. Such people cannot use
their knowledge and skills which will then gradually
fade. On the contrary, people’s efficiency and talent
grows if they got opportunities of working because
they learn more from experiences.
 People on their part should also try to be skilled for
jobs available in the labour market of their
accessibility. But even available job opportunities may
not be enough for all job seekers because in most
parts population is growing more rapidly then
employment opportunities are.
Class: 10 [Social Studies] 2nd Period 2077 Shrawan
14
Lesson:2.3
Teacher-Nar Bahadur Pun School: Mount Everest Secondary School Surkhet Class: 10 (Social)
email:sharad.np7@gmail.com Mobile: 9848193583

15. Employment
 Employment is an activity or the like that occupies a person’s
time. In fact employment refers to paid job. Employment
encompasses the relationship between two parties, in which one
provides job and in return offers money and other financial
incentives. In employment, one party is and employer whereas
another party is employee. Employees work and in return get
payment. Employment generation is associated with income
generation. The more the people are employed, the more
income they can generate. In Nepal’s case, employment can be
classified as: 1- National Employment, 2- Foreign employment.
If people get job opportunities within the country, it is national
employment. In Nepal, the unemployment rate is increasing.
Every year, new and qualified human resources enter into job
market, however, they are not being able to get job. Therefore,
foreign countries have become the destinations of Nepalese
Youths.
Class: 10 [Social Studies] 2nd Period 2077 Shrawan
15
Lesson:2.3
Teacher-Nar Bahadur Pun School: Mount Everest Secondary School Surkhet Class: 10 (Social)
email:sharad.np7@gmail.com Mobile: 9848193583

16. Employment and Development
 Employment opportunities are very important
for income generation. People may get money
in the form of a monthly salary, bonus,
incentives, etc. Employees in some fields or
sectors may receive gratuities, bonus payment
or stock options. In some types of employment,
employees may receive benefits in addition to
payment. Benefits can include health
insurance, housing, disability insurance, etc. It
helps to make their life convenient. The
income helps people to fulfill their needs.
When people’s needs are fulfilled, they will be
happy. They will spend on education and
health. It ultimately leads to development
Class: 10 [Social Studies] 2nd Period 2077 Shrawan
16
Lesson:2.3
Teacher-Nar Bahadur Pun School: Mount Everest Secondary School Surkhet Class: 10 (Social)
email:sharad.np7@gmail.com Mobile: 9848193583

17. Employment and Development
 There is deep rooted relationship between skill
and job employment. If people are dexterous
(skill) and highly skilled, they are likely to get
jobs easily, in comparison to people who are
unskilled. All the countries of the world have
an objective of providing its citizens more and
more jobs. However, in our country, the
education is mostly theoretical and it rarely
addresses the need of vocational education.
There are some institutions under CTEVT and
other government as well as private
institutions that provide skill oriented
trainings. Trainings help an individual to be
skilled.
Class: 10 [Social Studies] 2nd Period 2077 Shrawan
17
Lesson:2.3
Teacher-Nar Bahadur Pun School: Mount Everest Secondary School Surkhet Class: 10 (Social)
email:sharad.np7@gmail.com Mobile: 9848193583

18. Homework
 What is meant by means and resources ?
 Write a paragraph explaining the need
and importance of skilled manpower.
 Why are skilled human resources
considered the most important
infrastructure of development?
Class: 10 [Social Studies] 2nd Period 2077 Shrawan
18
Lesson:2.3
Teacher-Nar Bahadur Pun School: Mount Everest Secondary School Surkhet Class: 10 (Social)
email:sharad.np7@gmail.com Mobile: 9848193583

19. ass: 10 [Social Studies] 2nd Period 2077 Shrawan
19