Policies and programmes_of_government_to_improve_educatonalAnu Radha
The document discusses government policies and programs in India to improve educational opportunities for disadvantaged groups. It outlines various commissions that made recommendations around reservation and quotas. It then details the various policies around reservations in education and government jobs for Scheduled Castes, Scheduled Tribes, Other Backward Classes, minorities, women, and people with disabilities. It also discusses the various state and central government programs focused on scholarships, free textbooks and uniforms, hostels, and coaching to promote access to education for disadvantaged communities in India.
The document outlines the constitutional provisions for education in India. It describes the goals of education envisaged in the constitution as training citizens, inculcating social and moral values, achieving social and national integration, providing education for all, and equalizing educational opportunities. It then lists the key constitutional provisions, which include placing education in the concurrent list, ensuring equality of opportunity, special provisions for women and minority education, prohibiting child labor, and making primary education free and compulsory. The constitution also provides for higher education and research centers of national importance.
Literacy rates in India have increased over time but there is still work to be done to improve literacy, especially for women. In 2001, the overall literacy rate was 64.8% but this increased to 74% by 2011. Literacy varies significantly by gender and region within India. To further reduce illiteracy, efforts are needed to improve education infrastructure, reduce poverty, and increase access to school, especially for girls. Both government programs and social initiatives can help promote literacy across India.
The document discusses gender and caste in India. It notes that gender refers to social and cultural identities rather than biological sex. It outlines many issues women face in India, including inferior treatment, forced marriage, lack of education, domestic violence, low wages, and health issues. It suggests economic empowerment and education could help, as well as supporting victims and enforcing laws. The document also discusses the caste system's origins and the discrimination faced by Dalits. It advocates for Dalit empowerment, awareness, and minimizing social distance.
This document discusses women empowerment in India. It defines women empowerment as making women independent in their mind, thoughts, rights, and decisions by removing social and family limitations. It discusses women's fundamental rights like equality, non-discrimination, equal pay, dignity, and independence in decisions. It also discusses India's commitments to international conventions on women's rights and improving conditions in rural areas through education and job opportunities. Key indicators of women empowerment mentioned are increased self-esteem, decision making power, and changes in quantitative metrics like literacy rates, sex ratio, and life expectancy.
The document discusses universalization of elementary education in India and various state projects aimed at achieving this. It outlines the stages of school education in India and defines universalization of elementary education as universal access, enrolment, retention, and achievement through quality education. It then describes in detail three state projects - the Uttar Pradesh Basic Education Project, Bihar Education Project, and Lok Jumbish program in Rajasthan - outlining their objectives, strategies, and activities which focused on increasing enrollment, reducing dropout rates, and improving education quality for all, especially girls and disadvantaged groups.
Education can be formal, informal, or non-formal. Formal education occurs in institutions and has a structured curriculum and certification. Informal education is lifelong learning from experiences like family and media with no set objectives. Non-formal education is flexible learning outside institutions, like workshops, that acknowledge individual needs and interests but does not result in degrees. The document discusses the key characteristics and differences between these three main types of education.
Policies and programmes_of_government_to_improve_educatonalAnu Radha
The document discusses government policies and programs in India to improve educational opportunities for disadvantaged groups. It outlines various commissions that made recommendations around reservation and quotas. It then details the various policies around reservations in education and government jobs for Scheduled Castes, Scheduled Tribes, Other Backward Classes, minorities, women, and people with disabilities. It also discusses the various state and central government programs focused on scholarships, free textbooks and uniforms, hostels, and coaching to promote access to education for disadvantaged communities in India.
The document outlines the constitutional provisions for education in India. It describes the goals of education envisaged in the constitution as training citizens, inculcating social and moral values, achieving social and national integration, providing education for all, and equalizing educational opportunities. It then lists the key constitutional provisions, which include placing education in the concurrent list, ensuring equality of opportunity, special provisions for women and minority education, prohibiting child labor, and making primary education free and compulsory. The constitution also provides for higher education and research centers of national importance.
Literacy rates in India have increased over time but there is still work to be done to improve literacy, especially for women. In 2001, the overall literacy rate was 64.8% but this increased to 74% by 2011. Literacy varies significantly by gender and region within India. To further reduce illiteracy, efforts are needed to improve education infrastructure, reduce poverty, and increase access to school, especially for girls. Both government programs and social initiatives can help promote literacy across India.
The document discusses gender and caste in India. It notes that gender refers to social and cultural identities rather than biological sex. It outlines many issues women face in India, including inferior treatment, forced marriage, lack of education, domestic violence, low wages, and health issues. It suggests economic empowerment and education could help, as well as supporting victims and enforcing laws. The document also discusses the caste system's origins and the discrimination faced by Dalits. It advocates for Dalit empowerment, awareness, and minimizing social distance.
This document discusses women empowerment in India. It defines women empowerment as making women independent in their mind, thoughts, rights, and decisions by removing social and family limitations. It discusses women's fundamental rights like equality, non-discrimination, equal pay, dignity, and independence in decisions. It also discusses India's commitments to international conventions on women's rights and improving conditions in rural areas through education and job opportunities. Key indicators of women empowerment mentioned are increased self-esteem, decision making power, and changes in quantitative metrics like literacy rates, sex ratio, and life expectancy.
The document discusses universalization of elementary education in India and various state projects aimed at achieving this. It outlines the stages of school education in India and defines universalization of elementary education as universal access, enrolment, retention, and achievement through quality education. It then describes in detail three state projects - the Uttar Pradesh Basic Education Project, Bihar Education Project, and Lok Jumbish program in Rajasthan - outlining their objectives, strategies, and activities which focused on increasing enrollment, reducing dropout rates, and improving education quality for all, especially girls and disadvantaged groups.
Education can be formal, informal, or non-formal. Formal education occurs in institutions and has a structured curriculum and certification. Informal education is lifelong learning from experiences like family and media with no set objectives. Non-formal education is flexible learning outside institutions, like workshops, that acknowledge individual needs and interests but does not result in degrees. The document discusses the key characteristics and differences between these three main types of education.
The document discusses several schemes and programs implemented by the Indian government to promote women's empowerment and gender equality, including:
1) The Mother and Child Tracking System helps monitor healthcare access for mothers and children.
2) The Indira Gandhi Matritva Sahyog Yojana provides payments to pregnant and lactating mothers for their first two births.
3) The Rajiv Gandhi Scheme for Empowerment of Adolescent Girls provides services like nutrition and education to at-risk girls aged 10-19.
4) Rashtriya Mahila Kosh provides loans to help low-income women start small businesses.
It also mentions constitutional amendments that made elementary education a
Many social reformers play an important role in improvement of the society and abolish the discrimination related to race, caste, sex, religion, etc. They also play an important role to stop the child marriage and other types of social evils.
This document discusses women's empowerment and the role of alternative media. It notes that while mainstream media often portrays stereotypical images of women, alternative media can provide underrepresented groups a platform. Alternative media uses various grassroots approaches like folk arts to raise awareness of women's issues and promote economic independence. Educating women is important for empowering families and communities. Overall, alternative media and positive initiatives are needed to address obstacles facing women's development.
A presentation on classical and folk dances in Indian culture by Dr Ananda Balayogi Bhavanani for the CCRT workshop on Introducing culture in the curriculum organised by Pondicherry Education Department for teachers in schools. July 30th 2013.
This document provides an overview of inclusive schools, including definitions, characteristics, and the role they play. Some key points:
- Inclusive schools recognize and accommodate diverse learning needs and styles to ensure quality education for all students. They build positive relationships and provide opportunities for participation.
- Characteristics include a supportive environment, feelings of competence, and treating all students equally. Inclusive schools improve learning outcomes and recognize that all students have special learning needs.
- The role of inclusive schools is to focus on student welfare, properly manage classrooms, engage relevant curriculum, and secure students' basic human rights. They stress interdependence and independence.
National and emotional integration refers to the process of eroding autonomy among social groups and creating a shared identity among citizens. National integration in India involves sentiments of nationalism and unity in diversity. It is essential for unity in the heterogeneous country but faces challenges from casteism, communalism, provincialism, and linguistic differences. Emotional integration means unity of thoughts and feelings among citizens and is an essential basis for national integration. It faces obstacles from communalism, regionalism, and linguistic differences. The Emotional Integration Committee recommended reorganizing education to focus on national literature and culture and encouraging extracurricular activities to promote emotional integration.
This document discusses the importance of art education at the elementary level. It defines art education as including both visual and performing arts. Visual arts involve creating physical art objects using mediums like painting, sculpture, and design. Performing arts are experienced through dance, theatre, music, and puppetry. The document outlines several benefits of art education for children's development, such as personal growth, cognitive stimulation, and improved academic performance. It also describes the wide scope and career opportunities associated with art education, such as careers in teaching, commercial art, film, architecture, and more. Overall, the document advocates for the inclusion of art education at the elementary level to support children's learning and development.
Dramatization is an effective teaching method in history where students act out roles from the past to make historical experiences feel real. It allows students to learn by doing and assimilate essential facts while developing an emotional attachment to historical figures. There are different types of dramatization, including extempore dramatization which develops students' thinking and imagination, and prepared dramatization where students memorize dialogues. Dramatization has advantages like developing students' creativity and learning through activity, but also limitations such as lack of technical knowledge and difficulties enacting certain historical events.
Guidance and counselling - meaning, definition, principles, scope, nature, characteristics, need in school, limitations, difference between guidance and counseling.....
Kuchipudi is a classical Indian dance that originated in the Krishna district of Andhra Pradesh, tracing back to the village of Kuchipudi, and involves storytelling through hand gestures and facial expressions that depict emotions and themes from Hindu scriptures like the Ramayana and Mahabharata. Key elements of Kuchipudi include elegant dance movements, costumes featuring sarees and jewelry, traditional music instruments, and themes centered around devotion to deities like Krishna through dance dramas once performed only by men but now commonly by women as well.
INSTITUTION FOR REDRESSING SEXUAL HARASSMENT AND ABUSE muzu mh
The document discusses two prominent pieces of legislation passed in India in 2013 to address sexual harassment and abuse: the Sexual Harassment of Women at Workplace (Prevention, Prohibition and Redressal) Act and the Criminal Law (Amendment) Act. The Sexual Harassment Act seeks to protect women from sexual harassment at their place of work. The Criminal Law Amendment Act amended laws related to sexual offenses in response to protests over incidents of sexual harassment and abuse. Both acts were introduced to react to serious incidents of sexual harassment that occurred in 2012-2013 at the national level in India.
Policies & programmes for women in indiaPawan Sharma
The document discusses policies and programs aimed at empowering women farmers in India. It notes that women make up a large portion of the agricultural workforce but face numerous constraints including lack of land rights, access to credit and technology. Key government programs discussed include the National Rural Livelihood Mission which promotes self-help groups for women, and the Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Act which aims to generate rural employment, especially for women. The document also provides recommendations to strengthen women farmers' roles, such as improving land access, providing gender-sensitive agricultural support and encouraging group-based approaches to empowerment.
Socially disadvantaged in Indian ContextMaheshbabu N
Socially disadvantaged children face many obstacles including poverty, poor health, nutrition, housing, and lack of education. They have poor cognitive development and struggle academically due to lack of parental involvement, premature school leaving, low aspirations, poor adjustment and mental health issues. Factors influencing disadvantaged families include physical home environment, economic stress, and social factors. In India, scheduled castes, tribes, other backward classes, women, children with special needs, and minorities are often considered disadvantaged. Education aims to provide skills for functioning in society and compensate for inequality, but disadvantaged pupils still struggle with ambition, self-esteem, behavior, school culture and relevance of curriculum.
This document discusses sociometry, which is a technique used in counseling and education to analyze social relationships and group dynamics. It defines sociometry and discusses its purposes, history, areas of application, and how it works. Key points include that sociometry aims to map out social networks and subgroups within a group through questions about preferences. A sociogram is then created to visualize these relationships. The document provides details on how to properly administer a sociometry test and stresses the importance of explanation, atmosphere, periodic repetition, and confidentiality.
This document discusses the role of education in empowering weaker sections of Indian society. It defines scheduled castes as those considered untouchable in ancient times and who the government aims to support. The constitution includes provisions for equality in education and banning untouchability. Educating these classes is important for reasons like national integration, economic development, and improving living standards. However, their education has seen slow development due to issues like poverty, lack of schools and facilities, and uneducated parents. The government aims to address this through policies like reserving seats, providing scholarships, opening new schools, and offering mid-day meals.
The Zakir Husain Centre for Educational Studies offers M.Phil. and Ph.D. programs focused on studying education from social science perspectives, with four research streams: Economics of Education, History of Education, Social Psychology of Education, and Sociology of Education. The curriculum covers topics within each discipline like the economics of human capital development, the historical development of education systems in India, the social and cultural influences on learning and cognition, and issues of equity, social justice, and globalization within education systems. Students take core courses in research methods and the social science perspectives of Indian education, as well as introductory and advanced courses within their chosen research stream, before completing a dissertation.
B.Ed 1st year Notes on Modernization of Contemporary India and Education ... easy notes on Modernization which will help you to understand the concept of modernization which remark a revolutionary change in our traditional culture which is slowly change by Western culture & there is need to preserve our own culture which is identification of our nation i.e. our own traditional culture. Modernization definition, Advantage and disadvantage of Modernization, example of Modernization and the causes of Modernization and at last the conclusion of modernization all you can learn and understand from the above ppt in easy and understandable language and easy explanation
Sheetal Nagar
B.Ed 1st year
Shiv College of Education, Tigoan, Faridabad
Sociology Equalization of educational oppurtunitySiva Santhosh
This document discusses equalizing educational opportunities in India. It outlines that education should aim for total personality development and be relevant to real life. Equality in education involves factors like teaching quality, resources, and examinations. The document recommends free primary schooling, mid-day meals, books, and scholarships to provide equal opportunity. It identifies groups that lack access, like rural communities and scheduled castes/tribes. Overall, it emphasizes the importance of equal education in a democracy and the ongoing efforts through plans and policies to improve access and conditions for success.
The document discusses the provisions in the Indian Constitution relating to education. It outlines how the Preamble promotes education by ensuring equal access to educational institutions and facilities regardless of social status. It describes how secularism, equality of opportunities, and fundamental rights enshrine educational principles. Finally, it analyzes specific articles that aim to provide free and compulsory education, promote minority rights, prohibit religious instruction in state schools, and establish other educational policies and objectives in India.
Universal brotherhood promotes treating all individuals equally regardless of attributes like race, religion, or economic status. It defines the world as a shared home and works to foster truth, tolerance, and peace. While humans tend to divide along various lines, developing a sense of universal brotherhood can help reduce issues like distrust and conflict by cultivating mutual love and respect among all people. The document discusses how universal brotherhood aims to unite people in shared humanity and make the world a better place for everyone through compassion and social responsibility.
Lesson 3.3 (ten social) Nepali Folk Musical Instruments sharadnp
This document discusses traditional Nepali musical instruments. It begins by defining folk music and explaining that folk instruments are made using local materials and accompany folk songs. It then describes several traditional Nepali instruments like the madal, sarangi, flute, and instruments used in Panchai Baja performances. The document notes that many of these instruments are becoming extinct and suggests measures like including them in school curriculum, raising public awareness, and holding competitions to help preserve them. It lists causes of extinction as Western culture's impact, lack of training programs, and less opportunities to use the instruments. The homework questions ask about how instruments reflect culture and how to change young people's declining interest in folk music.
The document discusses several schemes and programs implemented by the Indian government to promote women's empowerment and gender equality, including:
1) The Mother and Child Tracking System helps monitor healthcare access for mothers and children.
2) The Indira Gandhi Matritva Sahyog Yojana provides payments to pregnant and lactating mothers for their first two births.
3) The Rajiv Gandhi Scheme for Empowerment of Adolescent Girls provides services like nutrition and education to at-risk girls aged 10-19.
4) Rashtriya Mahila Kosh provides loans to help low-income women start small businesses.
It also mentions constitutional amendments that made elementary education a
Many social reformers play an important role in improvement of the society and abolish the discrimination related to race, caste, sex, religion, etc. They also play an important role to stop the child marriage and other types of social evils.
This document discusses women's empowerment and the role of alternative media. It notes that while mainstream media often portrays stereotypical images of women, alternative media can provide underrepresented groups a platform. Alternative media uses various grassroots approaches like folk arts to raise awareness of women's issues and promote economic independence. Educating women is important for empowering families and communities. Overall, alternative media and positive initiatives are needed to address obstacles facing women's development.
A presentation on classical and folk dances in Indian culture by Dr Ananda Balayogi Bhavanani for the CCRT workshop on Introducing culture in the curriculum organised by Pondicherry Education Department for teachers in schools. July 30th 2013.
This document provides an overview of inclusive schools, including definitions, characteristics, and the role they play. Some key points:
- Inclusive schools recognize and accommodate diverse learning needs and styles to ensure quality education for all students. They build positive relationships and provide opportunities for participation.
- Characteristics include a supportive environment, feelings of competence, and treating all students equally. Inclusive schools improve learning outcomes and recognize that all students have special learning needs.
- The role of inclusive schools is to focus on student welfare, properly manage classrooms, engage relevant curriculum, and secure students' basic human rights. They stress interdependence and independence.
National and emotional integration refers to the process of eroding autonomy among social groups and creating a shared identity among citizens. National integration in India involves sentiments of nationalism and unity in diversity. It is essential for unity in the heterogeneous country but faces challenges from casteism, communalism, provincialism, and linguistic differences. Emotional integration means unity of thoughts and feelings among citizens and is an essential basis for national integration. It faces obstacles from communalism, regionalism, and linguistic differences. The Emotional Integration Committee recommended reorganizing education to focus on national literature and culture and encouraging extracurricular activities to promote emotional integration.
This document discusses the importance of art education at the elementary level. It defines art education as including both visual and performing arts. Visual arts involve creating physical art objects using mediums like painting, sculpture, and design. Performing arts are experienced through dance, theatre, music, and puppetry. The document outlines several benefits of art education for children's development, such as personal growth, cognitive stimulation, and improved academic performance. It also describes the wide scope and career opportunities associated with art education, such as careers in teaching, commercial art, film, architecture, and more. Overall, the document advocates for the inclusion of art education at the elementary level to support children's learning and development.
Dramatization is an effective teaching method in history where students act out roles from the past to make historical experiences feel real. It allows students to learn by doing and assimilate essential facts while developing an emotional attachment to historical figures. There are different types of dramatization, including extempore dramatization which develops students' thinking and imagination, and prepared dramatization where students memorize dialogues. Dramatization has advantages like developing students' creativity and learning through activity, but also limitations such as lack of technical knowledge and difficulties enacting certain historical events.
Guidance and counselling - meaning, definition, principles, scope, nature, characteristics, need in school, limitations, difference between guidance and counseling.....
Kuchipudi is a classical Indian dance that originated in the Krishna district of Andhra Pradesh, tracing back to the village of Kuchipudi, and involves storytelling through hand gestures and facial expressions that depict emotions and themes from Hindu scriptures like the Ramayana and Mahabharata. Key elements of Kuchipudi include elegant dance movements, costumes featuring sarees and jewelry, traditional music instruments, and themes centered around devotion to deities like Krishna through dance dramas once performed only by men but now commonly by women as well.
INSTITUTION FOR REDRESSING SEXUAL HARASSMENT AND ABUSE muzu mh
The document discusses two prominent pieces of legislation passed in India in 2013 to address sexual harassment and abuse: the Sexual Harassment of Women at Workplace (Prevention, Prohibition and Redressal) Act and the Criminal Law (Amendment) Act. The Sexual Harassment Act seeks to protect women from sexual harassment at their place of work. The Criminal Law Amendment Act amended laws related to sexual offenses in response to protests over incidents of sexual harassment and abuse. Both acts were introduced to react to serious incidents of sexual harassment that occurred in 2012-2013 at the national level in India.
Policies & programmes for women in indiaPawan Sharma
The document discusses policies and programs aimed at empowering women farmers in India. It notes that women make up a large portion of the agricultural workforce but face numerous constraints including lack of land rights, access to credit and technology. Key government programs discussed include the National Rural Livelihood Mission which promotes self-help groups for women, and the Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Act which aims to generate rural employment, especially for women. The document also provides recommendations to strengthen women farmers' roles, such as improving land access, providing gender-sensitive agricultural support and encouraging group-based approaches to empowerment.
Socially disadvantaged in Indian ContextMaheshbabu N
Socially disadvantaged children face many obstacles including poverty, poor health, nutrition, housing, and lack of education. They have poor cognitive development and struggle academically due to lack of parental involvement, premature school leaving, low aspirations, poor adjustment and mental health issues. Factors influencing disadvantaged families include physical home environment, economic stress, and social factors. In India, scheduled castes, tribes, other backward classes, women, children with special needs, and minorities are often considered disadvantaged. Education aims to provide skills for functioning in society and compensate for inequality, but disadvantaged pupils still struggle with ambition, self-esteem, behavior, school culture and relevance of curriculum.
This document discusses sociometry, which is a technique used in counseling and education to analyze social relationships and group dynamics. It defines sociometry and discusses its purposes, history, areas of application, and how it works. Key points include that sociometry aims to map out social networks and subgroups within a group through questions about preferences. A sociogram is then created to visualize these relationships. The document provides details on how to properly administer a sociometry test and stresses the importance of explanation, atmosphere, periodic repetition, and confidentiality.
This document discusses the role of education in empowering weaker sections of Indian society. It defines scheduled castes as those considered untouchable in ancient times and who the government aims to support. The constitution includes provisions for equality in education and banning untouchability. Educating these classes is important for reasons like national integration, economic development, and improving living standards. However, their education has seen slow development due to issues like poverty, lack of schools and facilities, and uneducated parents. The government aims to address this through policies like reserving seats, providing scholarships, opening new schools, and offering mid-day meals.
The Zakir Husain Centre for Educational Studies offers M.Phil. and Ph.D. programs focused on studying education from social science perspectives, with four research streams: Economics of Education, History of Education, Social Psychology of Education, and Sociology of Education. The curriculum covers topics within each discipline like the economics of human capital development, the historical development of education systems in India, the social and cultural influences on learning and cognition, and issues of equity, social justice, and globalization within education systems. Students take core courses in research methods and the social science perspectives of Indian education, as well as introductory and advanced courses within their chosen research stream, before completing a dissertation.
B.Ed 1st year Notes on Modernization of Contemporary India and Education ... easy notes on Modernization which will help you to understand the concept of modernization which remark a revolutionary change in our traditional culture which is slowly change by Western culture & there is need to preserve our own culture which is identification of our nation i.e. our own traditional culture. Modernization definition, Advantage and disadvantage of Modernization, example of Modernization and the causes of Modernization and at last the conclusion of modernization all you can learn and understand from the above ppt in easy and understandable language and easy explanation
Sheetal Nagar
B.Ed 1st year
Shiv College of Education, Tigoan, Faridabad
Sociology Equalization of educational oppurtunitySiva Santhosh
This document discusses equalizing educational opportunities in India. It outlines that education should aim for total personality development and be relevant to real life. Equality in education involves factors like teaching quality, resources, and examinations. The document recommends free primary schooling, mid-day meals, books, and scholarships to provide equal opportunity. It identifies groups that lack access, like rural communities and scheduled castes/tribes. Overall, it emphasizes the importance of equal education in a democracy and the ongoing efforts through plans and policies to improve access and conditions for success.
The document discusses the provisions in the Indian Constitution relating to education. It outlines how the Preamble promotes education by ensuring equal access to educational institutions and facilities regardless of social status. It describes how secularism, equality of opportunities, and fundamental rights enshrine educational principles. Finally, it analyzes specific articles that aim to provide free and compulsory education, promote minority rights, prohibit religious instruction in state schools, and establish other educational policies and objectives in India.
Universal brotherhood promotes treating all individuals equally regardless of attributes like race, religion, or economic status. It defines the world as a shared home and works to foster truth, tolerance, and peace. While humans tend to divide along various lines, developing a sense of universal brotherhood can help reduce issues like distrust and conflict by cultivating mutual love and respect among all people. The document discusses how universal brotherhood aims to unite people in shared humanity and make the world a better place for everyone through compassion and social responsibility.
Lesson 3.3 (ten social) Nepali Folk Musical Instruments sharadnp
This document discusses traditional Nepali musical instruments. It begins by defining folk music and explaining that folk instruments are made using local materials and accompany folk songs. It then describes several traditional Nepali instruments like the madal, sarangi, flute, and instruments used in Panchai Baja performances. The document notes that many of these instruments are becoming extinct and suggests measures like including them in school curriculum, raising public awareness, and holding competitions to help preserve them. It lists causes of extinction as Western culture's impact, lack of training programs, and less opportunities to use the instruments. The homework questions ask about how instruments reflect culture and how to change young people's declining interest in folk music.
Lesson 3.1 (ten social) Our National Heritagessharadnp
The document discusses Nepal's national heritages that have been recognized by UNESCO as World Heritage Sites. It notes that UNESCO has classified heritages into natural, cultural and digital types. For Nepal, four sites have been included as cultural heritages - the Kathmandu Valley, Lumbini, Changunarayan Temple, and Boudhanath Stupa. Two sites are natural heritages - Sagarmatha National Park and Chitwan National Park. The document provides details about each of these heritages, describing their historical and cultural significance. It emphasizes the importance of preserving these sites as they represent Nepal's culture, history and identity.
Lesson 3.8 (ten social) Elder Citizen and our Responsibilitysharadnp
The document discusses responsibilities towards senior citizens. It notes that aging is a natural process and defines senior citizens as those over 60 years old in most countries. As people age, they experience physical and mental changes. Society should provide support through day centers, allowances, employment opportunities, and clubs. Family members should provide emotional support, a safe home, and spend quality time with seniors. The government provides some social security programs and transportation privileges for seniors. It is important to care for their physical, mental, and emotional well-being as they age. Communities and the state should implement laws and programs to better support the elderly.
Universal brotherhood promotes treating all individuals equally regardless of attributes like race, religion, gender, or economic status. It defines the world as a shared home and works to foster tolerance, truth, and peace. While humans tend to divide along various lines, developing a sense of universal brotherhood can help reduce issues like distrust, hatred, and violence by cultivating mutual love, sympathy and respect between all people. Universal brotherhood aims to unite people in recognizing our shared humanity.
Lesson 3.6 (ten social) International Personalities and their Contributions sharadnp
The document discusses two international personalities - Kailash Satyarthi and Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. It summarizes their contributions:
Kailash Satyarthi won the Nobel Peace Prize for rescuing over 80,000 child laborers in India and founding organizations dedicated to ending child labor.
Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. led the American civil rights movement and was a pioneer of nonviolent protest. He organized the March on Washington and delivered his iconic "I Have a Dream" speech calling for racial equality.
Both figures worked to improve human rights and welfare through nonviolent activism, and are recognized globally for their humanitarian efforts.
Nepal observes several national days each year to commemorate important historical events. Some of the most important national days discussed in the document are Martyr's Day on 16th Magh, Democracy Day on 7th Falgun, and Constitution Day on 3rd Aswin. These days honor those who fought for democracy and helped establish Nepal's constitution. It is the duty of citizens to observe national days and understand the significance of what happened on those days in Nepal's history.
Lesson 3.1 (ten social) Our National Heritagessharadnp
The document discusses Nepal's national heritages that have been recognized by UNESCO as World Heritage Sites. It notes that UNESCO has classified heritages into natural, cultural and digital types. For Nepal, four sites have been included as cultural heritages - the Kathmandu Valley, Lumbini, Changunarayan Temple, and Boudhanath Stupa. Two sites are natural heritages - Sagarmatha National Park and Chitwan National Park. The document provides details about each of these heritages, describing their historical and cultural significance. It emphasizes the importance of preserving these sites as they represent Nepal's culture, history and identity.
This document contains an introduction and table of contents for a curriculum development textbook. The introduction provides background on curriculum development in Nepal and acknowledges contributions from various experts and stakeholders. It expresses the hope that the textbook will help students develop skills and competencies outlined in the curriculum in an interactive way. The table of contents lists 27 chapters across 7 sections covering topics such as human and national development, social values and issues, citizenship awareness, geography, history and map skills.
There are 9 main word classes or parts of speech in English: noun, verb, adjective, adverb, pronoun, preposition, conjunction, determiner, and interjection. Each word class describes the grammatical function that a word performs in a sentence. For example, nouns identify people, places or things, verbs describe actions or states of being, and adjectives describe nouns. Some words can belong to more than one class depending on how they are used.
The document discusses the benefits of exercise for mental health. Regular physical activity can help reduce anxiety and depression and improve mood and cognitive functioning. Exercise causes chemical changes in the brain that may help protect against mental illness and improve symptoms.
The document discusses the benefits of exercise for mental health. Regular physical activity can help reduce anxiety and depression and improve mood and cognitive functioning. Exercise causes chemical changes in the brain that may help protect against mental illness and improve symptoms.
Lesson 2.5 (ten social) Formulation of Development Proposal at Local Levelsharadnp
The document discusses the importance of local development planning and public participation in Nepal. It makes three key points:
1. Development planning is important for organizing development activities and achieving goals efficiently. The current federal system in Nepal gives significant powers to local governments to identify local needs and make development plans.
2. Local communities and committees submit development proposals to local governments. The proposals identify needs, select projects, draft plans, and estimate costs and resources with public participation.
3. Rural municipalities and municipalities have authority over local development. They formulate their own plans and implement projects focused on issues like infrastructure, education, and health. Public involvement is important in all stages from planning to implementation and monitoring.
Lesson 2.4 (ten social) Contemporary Development Goals and Nepalsharadnp
The document discusses contemporary development goals for Nepal, including the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) and Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). It notes that the MDGs had eight goals to be achieved by 2015 to address global development challenges. A new set of seventeen SDGs were created since the MDGs timeframe ended. Nepal must work to achieve all of the SDGs by their deadline. The document also mentions that Nepal had partial success in achieving most of the MDGs based on Nepal's MDG Progress Report.
Lesson 2.3 (ten social) Infrastructures of Development: Skilled Human Resourc...sharadnp
The document discusses the importance of skilled human resources for development. It makes three key points:
1. Skilled human resources are critical infrastructure for development because they can effectively mobilize other resources like natural resources, plan development projects, and produce goods and services.
2. A country's level of development depends greatly on how well it produces and utilizes skilled labor through technical education and vocational training programs. Developed nations have highly skilled workforces.
3. There is a strong relationship between skilled labor and employment/income opportunities. People with skills more easily find jobs that pay well and have benefits, which allows for better standards of living and contributes to overall national development. Countries must work to align skills training with
Lesson 2.1 (ten social) Sustainable Development sharadnp
This document contains a lesson on sustainable development taught by Nar Bahadur Pun to a 10th grade social studies class. It defines sustainable development as development that meets current needs without compromising future generations' ability to meet their own needs. It discusses how sustainable development aims for economic growth, social development, and environmental conservation. It also outlines objectives, features, and importance of sustainable development, as well as factors to consider in development activities to ensure sustainability.
Lesson 2.2 (ten social) Development Projects running in Nepalsharadnp
The document discusses development projects in Nepal, including the President Chure Conservation Programme and Pokhara International Airport. The President Chure Conservation Programme aims to protect biodiversity in the Chure region and was initiated in the fourth five-year plan. Pokhara International Airport began construction in 2073 to develop tourism in Pokhara and serve as an alternative to Tribhuwan International Airport in Kathmandu. Both projects receive government funding and aim to boost regional and national economic development.
3. Scanning
Folk Songs represents specific tradition,
culture and people. Nepal is endowed
with many folk songs and it is our
responsibility to preserve and promote
them. They are the symbols of
Nepalese identity and the way to uplift
the economic status of the nation
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4. Introduction to Folk Songs
Folk song is the song that belongs to the people or
area. This type of music often exists in several
versions or with regional variations. Folk songs are
inherited rather than composed. They are handed
down from one generation to another. Therefore,
many of these songs are collected. However,
nowadays, instead of being collected folk songs are
written and composed. Often-typical, folk songs
address personal and social issues as well as work,
war and popular opinion, etc. Folk songs are more
traditional than entertainment. They are the roots
of music, touching in each sphere of life.
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5. Silent Features of Folk Songs
It originated with oral tradition before it was
written.
The singers perform their songs with no or a
little professional trainings.
Folk song is associated with a particular region
or an area. It belongs to a particular region or
culture.
Folk songs commemorate (remember) historical
and personal events.
The folk songs have been performed, by
custom, over a long period, usually several
generations.
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6. Bases of the Nepalese Folk
Songs
Festival: Malashree (Dashain), Deusi Bhailo (Tihar), Teej
Geet (Teej)
Community : Jhyaure (fair), Asare (Paddy Plantation),
Dhaan/Palam (Limbus), Chandi (Rais), Kaura (Magars),
Hori (Terai People), Syabru (Sherpa), Selo (Tamangs),
Rodhi (Gurungs), Maruni (Brahmins), Maithali and
Bhojpuri (Madhesi Communities)
Region: Hapkare (Eastern Region), Deuda (Far western
region), Hori and Aashika (Terai belt)
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7. Major Folk Songs of Nepal
Jhyaure
Asare
Chandi
Kaura
Syabru
Rodhi
Maruni
Hakpare
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8. Major Folk Songs of Nepal
Bhailini/Deusi
Maalshree
Teej Songs
Fagu/Hori Songs
Gandharba Geet
Deuda Geet
Palam Geet
Tamang Selo
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9. Bhailini/Deusi
Bhailini/Bhailo are important traditional folk
songs of the Nepali community. Those songs are
sung during the Tihar festival. They are based on
the story of King Bali, who is supposed to send
people to ask for something on the earth.
Generally bahilo is sung by girls (on Laxmi Puja)
while deusi is sung by boys (on Gobardan Puja).
At the end of these songs, the house lord serves
food and gives money to these singers and
dancers. In return, the Deusi/Bahilo team gives
blessings for high income and prosperity.
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11. Maalshree
The Maalshree is a festival-based typical
Nepalese folk song. It is sung on the
advent of Dasahin. The malshree is a
raga or the tune of music based on
ancient music books. Which is also
called Dashi dhoon, Malahree dhoon,
etc. It is sung in group in the honor of
the Goddess Durga. It is believed that it
was composed by Ranabahadur Shah.
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13. Teej Geet
Teej, the festival of Hindu women, is observed for
marital gaiety (cheerfulness), well-being of spouse
and children and purification of own body and soul.
It is traditionally dedicated to the Goddess Parvati,
remembering her union with Lord Shiva. The women
gather together in the afternoon or evening, and the
pre-fasting party begins. Mothers and daughters,
sisters and grandmothers sit around, laughing singing
joking and eating all they can; at midnight the fast
begins; the folk music and dances add more flavour
to the traditional values of Teej. The theme of the
Teej song highlights the problems faced by the
married women, griefs and sorrows of life, nostalgia
(memory) of the infantile stage, etc.
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15. Fagu/Hori
Fagu is also observed to get blessing
of God for coming harvests and
fertility of the land. The Nepalese
devotee offer the puja of Lord
Krishna and Lord Ram and sing a
Fagu folk song based on their
venerations. The songs are also sung
on the theme of spring season,
expressing the romantic feelings.
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17. Ganhahrba Geet
Gandharva song is a popular
type of folk song sung by the
Gandarbha ethnic group of
Nepal. Also known karkha, such
songs tell the story of valour
(bravery) of lahures.
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19. Deuda Geet
This song is song in the Far Western
Nepal. There are other subgeners
such as Thadi Bhaka, Rateri,
Hudkeuli and Dhamari. It is also
sung in many regions of Mid West
too. Deuda songs are very popular in
Dailekh, Kalikot, Jumla, Achham,
Bajhang, Doti, Dadeldhura, Baitadi,
Bajura and Darchula.
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21. Palam Geet
Palam Geet is the song sung by
Limbu community of eastern
Nepal.
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22. Tamang Selo
Tamang Selo is sung in the
middle hill of Nepal, especially
in the Bagmati zones, where
there is majority of Tamang
People.
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23. Importance of Folk Songs
Folk songs are the valuable gifts, offered to us
by our ancestors.
They give us our identity. They make other know
who we are.
They express the real emotions of love,
romance, sorrow, complaints, bravery, etc
They are the means of entertainment. Many of
folk songs have seasonal set up.
They develop social harmony; build public
relations and break the walls of enmity among
people.
Folk songs can be used to manifest our cultural
diversity in the world and to promote tourism.
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24. Measures to Preserve our Folk
Songs
We should encourage and enable communities to
preserve their folk songs, dances and musical
instruments.
Government should provide assistance to preserve
the instruments, songs, dances, etc.
Attention should be given to produce quality songs
and dances.
School, colleges, clubs etc should organize folk
music based programmes.
Piracy should be stopped. The government should
ensure the copyright and royalty of the creator.
Young generation should be encouraged to practise
folk songs and dances.
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25. The Positive Light
Many youths are entering into the folk music
industry, with innovations and new talents.
Many highly professional and skilled bands like
Sursudha, Kutumab, etc are performing Nepali folk
music.
Nepali folk songs and dances are highly demanded
in local fairs (melas) and Mahostav.
Social media and electronic media are expanding
access to public.
Folk-based songs and dances originated in a
particular community, people of other communities
are also involved to promote them now. For
example, Brahmin and Chhetri Community.
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26. Homework
What measures need to be implemented to
protect the originality of the folk songs and
music in the present context of being
criticized regarding the decline of originality
of folk songs and music Write them.
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