The document discusses reasons for delays in development projects such as lack of funding, corruption, and political instability. It then provides methods for addressing these issues like mobilizing resources, promoting transparency, settling political conflicts, and implementing federalism. The document emphasizes the importance of skilled human resources for development and provides strategies for producing them, including expanding technical education and focusing on science and technology. It also discusses the relationship between skilled resources, employment opportunities, and national development.

1. REVISION (LESSON:2.2)
Reasons behind not completing development
project in time
 Capital deficiency (Not sufficient Budget)
 Excessive dependency on foreign aid
 Corruption and bad governance
 Political instability
 Band, Strikes and insecurity
 Poor public participation
 Lack of skilled human resource
 Impractical and too ambitious plans
 Lack of Proper supervision and inspection
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2. REVISION…
Above mentioned problems can be tackled by using
following methods
 Proper mobilization of internal and external sources
 Maintain transparency and good governance
 End the existing transitional phase and establish political
stability
 Early settlement of all forms of political conflicts
 Encourage public participation by empowering local levels
 Timely implementation of federalism and proposed
decentralization
 Produce required skilled human resources through
technical education and vocational training.
 Prioritize development of science and technology and
establish enough training centers
 Develop a system of proper planning and its
implementation
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3. LESSON 2.3
Skilled Human Resource
and Employment

4. SCANNING
 The role of skilled human resource is very
big in development work of a nation. It can
produce other resources and generate
employment opportunity too. The
government should plan on producing skilled
human resource and mobilize them within
the nation discouraging brain drain.
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5. BACKGROUND
 Infrastructures are the basic requirements
needed for running any activity in a nation. The
infrastructures such as means, resources,
technology, structures, peace, etc. are key
factors to progress. Among them too, resources
in a country play pivotal (essential) role
because unless they are utilized, there is no
materialization in development work. The
sources are two types;
 Natural Resources
 Human Resources
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6. NATURAL RESOURCES
 The useful materials that we get from the earth
naturally are natural means and resources.
They can be biotic, such as fossil fuels (coal, oil
and natural gas), animals and plants formed
from living things or organic materials; or abiotic
such as sunlight, air, water and minerals
originated from non-living things or organic
materials; or abiotic such ass sunlight, air, water
and minerals originated from non-living and
inorganic materials.
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7. HUMAN RESOURCES
 The people who make up the workforce of an
organization, business, economy or nation are
called human resources. They are related to skill,
knowledge and motivation. Though both of the
resources discussed above are required for
development work, human resource bolds a
greater significance. It is so because human
resource is an active agent on bringing economic,
political and social changes. It can mobilize the
natural resources, and means available in a nation.
Natural resources become useless unless there
are human resources. They are also of different
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8. HUMAN …
 Among the types of human resources too,
skilled human resource is very important for
sustainable growth of a country. Developed
countries have touched the acme (Zenith/high
point) of progress due to the proper mobilization
of skilled human resources. Unlike this, the
underdeveloped and developing nations are
backward due to the lack of such resources.
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9. IMPORTANCE OF HUMAN RESOURCES
There is great role of human resource for the
development of a country. The importance of human
resource for development are mentioned in the following
points;
 Skilled human resources mobilize the natural resources
properly and hence makes development activity
effective.
 They can make effective plans and policies about the
mobilization of the resources.
 Skilled human resources, especially the technical one,
can make maximum utilization of resources with
minimum effort.
 They produce goods and services required for the
population of the country.
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10. IMPORTANCE …
 They also provide expert service, advices and
suggestions.
 The highly qualified and dexterous (skillful) human
resources also make inventions, discoveries and
new research and study in the field of
development. Such inventions and discoveries are
helpful for development.
 They also produce necessary raw materials and
search areas of developing too.
 They can form economic, social, and political
organizations and disseminate ideas and
awareness among people.
Therefore, skilled human resource is necessary for
carrying out of development activities in a country.
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11. STRATEGIES/METHODS OF PRODUCING
SKILLED HUMAN RESOURCES
As mentioned above human resources can be made more
productive and useful by educating and training them.
The following are the ways of producing skilled human
resources.
a. Provide diverse types of educational facilities and
services.
b. Develop technical and vocational education according
to national needs and demands.
c. Provide enough opportunities of training and career
building
d. Focus on development of science and technology
e. Encourage technical studies, researches, and
innovations.
f. Change education policy as per changes in time and
circumstances
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12. RELATION BETWEEN SKILLED HUMAN RESOUCE
AND EMPLOYMENT
 We know already that skilled human resources are
more productive and useful and get better job and
more easily. Without proper education and training,
they may not be offered good jobs. Unskilled
people have to be engaged in physical labour only.
Less skilled people in a job may even be replaced
when more skilled are available. In this light, Jim
Collins, a famous US business consultant and
author has rightly said, “Get the right people on the
bus and the wrong people off the bus”. Therefore
skilled people get jobs easier, earn more and live
better.
 It Must also have been clear to you that skilled
human resources have to be prepared according
to the need and demands of a certain labour
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13. RELATION …
 To put in another way, manpower provision should fit the
available employment opportunities. If newly produced
skilled human resources remain unused or
unemployment for long, this is just waste of investment
made for the production. That way, a country cannot
progress well. Such people cannot use their knowledge
and skills which will then gradually fade. On the contrary,
people’s efficiency and talent grows if they got
opportunities of working because they learn more from
experiences.
 People on their part should also try to be skilled for jobs
available in the labour market of their accessibility. But
even available job opportunities may not be enough for
all job seekers because in most parts population is
growing more rapidly then employment opportunities
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14. EMPLOYMENT
 Employment is an activity or the like that occupies a
person’s time. In fact employment refers to paid job.
Employment encompasses the relationship between two
parties, in which one provides job and in return offers
money and other financial incentives. In employment,
one party is and employer whereas another party is
employee. Employees work and in return get payment.
Employment generation is associated with income
generation. The more the people are employed, the
more income they can generate. In Nepal’s case,
employment can be classified as: 1- National
Employment, 2- Foreign employment. If people get job
opportunities within the country, it is national
employment. In Nepal, the unemployment rate is
increasing. Every year, new and qualified human
resources enter into job market, however, they are not
being able to get job. Therefore, foreign countries have
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15. EMPLOYMENT AND DEVELOPMENT
 Employment opportunities are very important for income
generation. People may get money in the form of a monthly
salary, bonus, incentives, etc. Employees in some fields or
sectors may receive gratuities, bonus payment or stock
options. In some types of employment, employees may
receive benefits in addition to payment. Benefits can include
health insurance, housing, disability insurance, etc. It helps
to make their life convenient. The income helps people to
fulfill their needs. When people’s needs are fulfilled, they will
be happy. They will spend on education and health. It
ultimately leads to development.
 There is deep rooted relationship between skill and job
employment. If people are dexterous (skill) and highly skilled,
they are likely to get jobs easily, in comparison to people who
are unskilled. All the countries of the world have an objective
of providing its citizens more and more jobs. However, in our
country, the education is mostly theoretical and it rarely
addresses the need of vocational education. There are some
institutions under CTEVT and other government as well as
private institutions that provide skill oriented trainings.
Trainings help an individual to be skilled.
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16. HOMEWORK
 What is meant by means and resources ?
 Write a paragraph explaining the need and
importance of skilled manpower.
 Why are skilled human resources considered
the most important infrastructure of
development?
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