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HISTORICAL METHOD
Learning Outcomes:
✓Evaluate primary sources for their
credibility, authenticity and provenance.
✓Examine example of a primary source
and its corresponding secondary source
derived from them.
History as Reconstruction
✓the historian is many times removed
from the events under investigation
❖Ang historyador ay walang dudang napakalayo
na mula sa kaganapang kanyang isinasalaysay
✓historians rely on surviving records
❖Umaasa ang historyador sa mga naiwang tala
Louis Gottschalk, Understanding History
History as Reconstruction
✓“Only a part of what was observed in
the past was remembered by those who
observed it; only a part of what was
remembered was recorded; only a part
of what was recorded has survived; only
a part of what has survived has come to
the historian’s attention.”
Louis Gottschalk, Understanding History
History as Reconstruction
✓“Only a part of what is credible has
been grasped, and only a part of what
has been grasped can be expounded or
narrated by the historian.”
Louis Gottschalk, Understanding History
What is the Historical Method?
✓Historians have to verify sources, to
date them, locate their place of origin
and identify their intended functions.
❖Kailangan matiyak ng historyador ang
sumusunod na impormasyon hinggil sa
kanyang mga nakalap na batis – petsa kung
kailan ito isinulat o nilikha, pinagmulan nito at
ang orihinal na intensyon kung bakit ito
naisulat o nilikha.
Louis Gottschalk, Understanding History
In short, the Historical Method is…
✓The process of critically examining and
analyzing the records and survivals of
the past
❖Ang masalimuot na proseso ng kritikal na
pagsusuri at pagtatasa ng mga tala at iba
pang mga gamit at/o materyales na nagmula
sa nakaraang panahon.
Louis Gottschalk, Understanding History
Historical Sources
✓Sources – an object from the past or
testimony concerning the past on which
historians depend in order to createtheir
own depiction of that past.
Howell and Prevenier, From Reliable Sources an
Introduction to Historical Method
Historical Sources
✓Sources – an object from the past or
testimony concerning the past on which
historians depend in order to createtheir
own depiction of that past.
❖Batis – isang gamit mula sa nakaraan o
testimonya na may kinalaman sa nakalipas
kung saan ibinabatay ng historyador ang
kanyang sariling pagtatampok ng nakaraan
Howell and Prevenier, From Reliable Sources an
Introduction to Historical Method
Historical Sources
✓Tangible remains of the past
❖Mga nakikita o nahahawakang labi mula sa
nakaraan
Anthony Brundage, Going to Sources
Written Sources
1. Published materials Books, magazines,
journals,
❑ Travelogue
❑ transcription of speech
2. Manuscript [any handwritten or typed
record that has not been printed]
❑ Archival materials
❑ Memoirs, diary
Non- Written Sources
1. Oral history
2. Artifact
3. Ruins
4. Fossils
5. Art works
6. Videorecordings
7. Audiorecordings
Primary Sources
What are primary sources?
✓document or physical
object
✓written or created during
the time under study.
✓present during an
experience or time period
✓offer an inside view of a
particular event
What are primary sources?
✓Primary sources are characterized by
their content, regardless of whether
they are available in original format, in
microfilm/microfiche, in digital format,
or in published format.
Original Documents (excerpts or translations
acceptable): diaries, speeches, manuscripts,
letters, interviews, news film footage,
autobiographies, official records
Creative Works: poetry, drama, novels,
music, art
Relics orArtifacts: pottery, furniture,
clothing, buildings
Examples:
Keep in mind that a primary
source reflects only one point
of view and may contain a
person’s bias (prejudice)
toward an event.
What are primary sources?
Four Main Categories of Primary
Sources
1. Written sources
2. Images
3. Artifacts
4. Oral testimony
Examples of primary sources
include:
Books, magazines,
newspapers
Examples of primary sources:
Personal Records
Diaries,
journals,
records
Examples of primary sources:
Visual Materials
Paintings, drawings,
sculpture
Examples of primary sources:
Visual Materials
photographs, film,
maps
Examples of primary sources:
Oral Histories
Chronicles, memoirs, myths,
legends passed down by word
of mouth
Examples of primary sources:
Songs and Poems
Examples of primary sources:
Artifacts
Tools, ornaments, objects
NationalArchives of the
Philippines
National Library of
the Phils.
National Museum of
the Philippines
National Historical
Commission of the Phils.
Repositories of Primary Sources
U.P. Main Library ADMU Rizal Library
DLSU Library UST Library
Repositories of Primary Sources:
Archivo General de Indias
Library of Congress NationalArchives and Records
Administration
Archivo General de la Nación
Repositories of Primary Sources
Repositories of Primary Sources
American Historical Collection
Lopez Memorial
Museum
Ayala
Museum
Human fossils Artifacts
Kinds of Primary Sources
Royal Decrees & Laws Official Reports
Kinds of Primary Sources
Chronicles Friar accounts
Kinds of Primary Sources
Maps
Kinds of Primary Sources
Memoirs PersonalAccount
Kinds of Primary Sources
Newspaper Magazines
Kinds of Primary Sources
Speeches Personal Letters
Kinds of Primary Sources
On line databases Blogs
Kinds of Primary Sources
Documentary Films Recorded Interviews
Kinds of Primary Sources
Secondary Sources
What are secondary sources?
✓interprets and analyzes
primary sources
✓one or more steps removed
from the event
✓may have pictures, quotes or
graphics of primary sources in
them.
Examples:
▪ Publications such as:
✓Textbooks
✓Magazine articles
✓Histories
✓Criticisms
✓Commentaries
✓Encyclopedias
Examples of secondary
sources:
Textbooks, biographies,
histories, newspaper
report by someone who
was not present
Examples of secondary
sources:
Charts, graphs, or images
created AFTER the time
period.
PAST
P = Purpose: What was the object used for? What
does the text say? What does the picture show?
A=Author: Who created this?
S=Slant: Is there bias? What is the point of view or
frame of reference of the source.
T= Time Period: When was it created? What is
the historical context or what was happening at the
time it was created?
Practical Example/Worksheet
Topic: Tejeros Convention
Primary Source: SantiagoAlvarez’
account
Secondary Source: TeodoroAgoncillo’s
Revolt of the Masses

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Lesson 2 Historical Method.pptx

  • 2. Learning Outcomes: ✓Evaluate primary sources for their credibility, authenticity and provenance. ✓Examine example of a primary source and its corresponding secondary source derived from them.
  • 3. History as Reconstruction ✓the historian is many times removed from the events under investigation ❖Ang historyador ay walang dudang napakalayo na mula sa kaganapang kanyang isinasalaysay ✓historians rely on surviving records ❖Umaasa ang historyador sa mga naiwang tala Louis Gottschalk, Understanding History
  • 4. History as Reconstruction ✓“Only a part of what was observed in the past was remembered by those who observed it; only a part of what was remembered was recorded; only a part of what was recorded has survived; only a part of what has survived has come to the historian’s attention.” Louis Gottschalk, Understanding History
  • 5. History as Reconstruction ✓“Only a part of what is credible has been grasped, and only a part of what has been grasped can be expounded or narrated by the historian.” Louis Gottschalk, Understanding History
  • 6. What is the Historical Method? ✓Historians have to verify sources, to date them, locate their place of origin and identify their intended functions. ❖Kailangan matiyak ng historyador ang sumusunod na impormasyon hinggil sa kanyang mga nakalap na batis – petsa kung kailan ito isinulat o nilikha, pinagmulan nito at ang orihinal na intensyon kung bakit ito naisulat o nilikha. Louis Gottschalk, Understanding History
  • 7. In short, the Historical Method is… ✓The process of critically examining and analyzing the records and survivals of the past ❖Ang masalimuot na proseso ng kritikal na pagsusuri at pagtatasa ng mga tala at iba pang mga gamit at/o materyales na nagmula sa nakaraang panahon. Louis Gottschalk, Understanding History
  • 8. Historical Sources ✓Sources – an object from the past or testimony concerning the past on which historians depend in order to createtheir own depiction of that past. Howell and Prevenier, From Reliable Sources an Introduction to Historical Method
  • 9. Historical Sources ✓Sources – an object from the past or testimony concerning the past on which historians depend in order to createtheir own depiction of that past. ❖Batis – isang gamit mula sa nakaraan o testimonya na may kinalaman sa nakalipas kung saan ibinabatay ng historyador ang kanyang sariling pagtatampok ng nakaraan Howell and Prevenier, From Reliable Sources an Introduction to Historical Method
  • 10. Historical Sources ✓Tangible remains of the past ❖Mga nakikita o nahahawakang labi mula sa nakaraan Anthony Brundage, Going to Sources
  • 11. Written Sources 1. Published materials Books, magazines, journals, ❑ Travelogue ❑ transcription of speech 2. Manuscript [any handwritten or typed record that has not been printed] ❑ Archival materials ❑ Memoirs, diary
  • 12. Non- Written Sources 1. Oral history 2. Artifact 3. Ruins 4. Fossils 5. Art works 6. Videorecordings 7. Audiorecordings
  • 14. What are primary sources? ✓document or physical object ✓written or created during the time under study. ✓present during an experience or time period ✓offer an inside view of a particular event
  • 15. What are primary sources? ✓Primary sources are characterized by their content, regardless of whether they are available in original format, in microfilm/microfiche, in digital format, or in published format.
  • 16. Original Documents (excerpts or translations acceptable): diaries, speeches, manuscripts, letters, interviews, news film footage, autobiographies, official records Creative Works: poetry, drama, novels, music, art Relics orArtifacts: pottery, furniture, clothing, buildings Examples:
  • 17. Keep in mind that a primary source reflects only one point of view and may contain a person’s bias (prejudice) toward an event. What are primary sources?
  • 18. Four Main Categories of Primary Sources 1. Written sources 2. Images 3. Artifacts 4. Oral testimony
  • 19. Examples of primary sources include: Books, magazines, newspapers
  • 20. Examples of primary sources: Personal Records Diaries, journals, records
  • 21. Examples of primary sources: Visual Materials Paintings, drawings, sculpture
  • 22. Examples of primary sources: Visual Materials photographs, film, maps
  • 23. Examples of primary sources: Oral Histories Chronicles, memoirs, myths, legends passed down by word of mouth
  • 24. Examples of primary sources: Songs and Poems
  • 25. Examples of primary sources: Artifacts Tools, ornaments, objects
  • 26. NationalArchives of the Philippines National Library of the Phils. National Museum of the Philippines National Historical Commission of the Phils. Repositories of Primary Sources
  • 27. U.P. Main Library ADMU Rizal Library DLSU Library UST Library Repositories of Primary Sources:
  • 28. Archivo General de Indias Library of Congress NationalArchives and Records Administration Archivo General de la Nación Repositories of Primary Sources
  • 29. Repositories of Primary Sources American Historical Collection Lopez Memorial Museum Ayala Museum
  • 30. Human fossils Artifacts Kinds of Primary Sources
  • 31. Royal Decrees & Laws Official Reports Kinds of Primary Sources
  • 32. Chronicles Friar accounts Kinds of Primary Sources
  • 35. Newspaper Magazines Kinds of Primary Sources
  • 36. Speeches Personal Letters Kinds of Primary Sources
  • 37. On line databases Blogs Kinds of Primary Sources
  • 38. Documentary Films Recorded Interviews Kinds of Primary Sources
  • 40. What are secondary sources? ✓interprets and analyzes primary sources ✓one or more steps removed from the event ✓may have pictures, quotes or graphics of primary sources in them.
  • 41. Examples: ▪ Publications such as: ✓Textbooks ✓Magazine articles ✓Histories ✓Criticisms ✓Commentaries ✓Encyclopedias
  • 42. Examples of secondary sources: Textbooks, biographies, histories, newspaper report by someone who was not present
  • 43. Examples of secondary sources: Charts, graphs, or images created AFTER the time period.
  • 44. PAST P = Purpose: What was the object used for? What does the text say? What does the picture show? A=Author: Who created this? S=Slant: Is there bias? What is the point of view or frame of reference of the source. T= Time Period: When was it created? What is the historical context or what was happening at the time it was created?
  • 45. Practical Example/Worksheet Topic: Tejeros Convention Primary Source: SantiagoAlvarez’ account Secondary Source: TeodoroAgoncillo’s Revolt of the Masses