The document provides an overview of how to analyze primary sources in Philippine history. It discusses that primary sources provide direct evidence from the time period being studied, while secondary sources are interpretations of primary sources created later. The document outlines six steps to effectively analyze primary sources: identify the main idea, cite the creator and time of creation, identify author biases, understand the historical context, recognize connections to prior knowledge, and determine the source's contributions to understanding history. Analyzing sources involves considering the physical nature, purpose, methods of conveying messages, and intended audience.

1. Readings in
Philippine
History

2. Chapter 1
Meaning and
Relevance of
History

3. It is being written based on
the actual evidence,
manuscripts, and written
documents which provide
sources of historical
information.
History

4. Two Categories of
Historical Data
•Primary Sources
•Secondary Souces

5. Primary Sources Secondary Sources
Two Categories of
Historical Data

6. •Primary Sources
- It provides direct or
firsthand evidence about an
event, object, person, or work
of art.
- It contains "firsthand"
knowledge about historical
events, figures, and people.

7. •Primary Sources
-It provides compelling and direct
evidence of human activity.
- These are the things that were
created or in use during the period
which is being studied.
-These sources are actual records that
have survived from the past.

8. •Primary Sources
Examples:
✓Autobiography
✓Memoirs
✓Eyewitness Accounts
✓ Diary
✓Fossils
✓Relics
✓Letters

9. •Primary Sources
Examples:
✓Photographs
✓Speeches
✓Videos
✓Legal Documents
✓Ornaments
✓Clothing
✓Tools

10. •Secondary Sources
- It is something that was not
made by someone or by a group
of people who participated in the
historical era which is being
studied.
- These are usually created by
historians ajd scholastic writers
based on their interpretation of
the primary sources.

11. •Secondary Sources
-These are sources of historical data
which are created later or after the
historical event which is being studied
and provided by the people who were
not present in that event.
- It describes, discuss, interpret,
comment upon, analyze, evaluate,
summarize, and process primary
sources.

12. •Secondary Sources
Examples:
✓Biography
✓Encyclopedia
✓Textbooks
✓Thesis
✓Dissertations
✓Interviews
✓News reports

13. •Secondary Sources
Examples:
✓Movies
✓News articles
✓Scholarly journals
✓Transcriptions
✓Almanacs
✓Dictionaries

14. Evaluating Historical
Data
Internal
Criticism
External
Criticism

15. Internal Criticism
- It looks within the data itself to try to
determine the truth-facts and the
reasonable interpretation.
-It includes looking at the personal data
provider's apparent or possible motives.
-It indicates the accuracy, trustworthiness,
and integrity of the materials to which
historical data will be based.

16. External Criticism
- It applies experimental science to
certify the authenticity of the material
that holds the data in which historical
information will be based.
- It entails such physical and technical
tests as the dating of paper when a
document is written.

17. External Criticism
- It involves knowledge of when
certain things existed, or it
supports the claik whether it is
possible or impossible to exist.
-It evaluates the authenticity and
genuineness of data.

18. "Whoever wishes to foresee the
future must consult the past; for
human events ever resemble those
of preceding times. This arises from
the fact that they are produced by
men who ever have been, and ever
shall be, animated by the same
passions, and thus necessarily have
the same results"
-Niccolo Machiavelli

19. Quiz #1
Identification: Identify the
following italicized source of
historical information whether it is
a PRIMARY SOURCE or
SECONDARY SOURCE. Write your
answer on your paper (1/4 sheet
of paper).

20. 1. The documentary films about
the "Oplan Tokhang" aired in
many international news
agencies are a source of
information about Pres. Rodrigo
R. Duterte's drug on war.

21. 2. The biography of Jose P.
Rizal authored by Gregorio F.
Zaide is a source of
information about the life
and works of our national
hero.

22. 3. The replica of "Lolong"
in the National Museum is
a source of information
about saltwater crocodiles
in the Philippines.

23. 4. The "Motto Stella"
which is the monument
of Dr. Jose P. Rizal is a
source of relevant
information about his
life and heroism.

24. 5. Coins from the
Central Bank of the
Philippines are sources
of information about
Philippine heroes.

25. 6. The "Spolarium" is
evidence about the
artistry of Juan Luna.

26. 7. "I-Witness" which is
one of the premier news
and current affair shows in
GMA 7 provides
information about social
issues in the Philippines.

27. 8. The speech of Juan Ponce
Enrile during the
impeachment is a source of
information about the case
field against former Chief
Justice Renato Corona.

28. 9. The old canyons in
Corregidor Island are
evidence of Filipino bravery
during the world war.

29. 10. Campaign jingles give
the voters information
about the political
platforms of the
candidates in both local
and national government.

30. Chapter 2
CONTENT AND CONTEXTUAL
ANALYSIS OF SELECTED
PRIMARY SOURCES

31. Analyzing Primary
Sources
✓ The document itself
✓ Era from which it comes

32. The following questions may be helpful
to you as you begin to analyze the
sources:
1. Look at the physical nature of your source.
This is especially important and powerful
when dealing with a source such as an actual
old letter instead of a transcribed and
published version of the same letter. What
are you able to learn from the source form?
Was it written in elegant handwriting on
fancy paper or scrap-paper in pencil?

33. 2. What's that saying to you? Think
of the source's purpose. What was
the message or arguments from the
author? What did he/she tries to do?
Is the message explicit, or are the
messages implicit?

34. 3. How is the author
trying to convey the
message? Which
methods is he/she
using?

35. 4. What are you familiar
with the author? Religion,
age, region, political beliefs,
race, sex, class, occupation?

36. 5. Who was the
intended audience?

37. 6. What can you be told
by a careful reading of
the text or even by an
object?

38. 6 C's Guide to Effectively
Analyze Primary Sources:
1. Content
- You must identify
the maind idea.

39. 2. Citation
- You must identify the
creator of the document
amd the time it is
created.
6 C's Guide to Effectively
Analyze Primary Sources:

40. 6 C's Guide to Effectively
Analyze Primary Sources:
3. Communication
- You must identify biases
of the author.

41. 6 C's Guide to Effectively
Analyze Primary Sources:
4. Context
- You must understand what is
going on in the world, country,
region, or locality when the
document is created.

42. 6 C's Guide to Effectively
Analyze Primary Sources:
5. Connections.
-You must recognize the
connections of the
primary source to what
you already know.

43. 6 C's Guide to Effectively
Analyze Primary Sources:
6. Conclusions.
-You must determine the
contributions of the
primary source to our
understanding of history.