2. WHAT IS INTERNET?
The internet is made up of millions of
computers linked together around the world
in such a way that information can be sent
from any computer to any other 24 hours a
day. These computers can be in homes,
schools, universities, government
departments, or businesses small and large.
They can be any type of computer and be
single personal computers or workstations on
a school or a company network. The
internet is often described as 'a network of
networks' because all the smaller networks
of organizations are linked together into the
one giant network called the internet. All
computers are pretty much equal once
connected to the internet; the only
difference will be the speed of the
connection which is dependent on your
Internet Service Provider and your own
modem.
3. WHAT DO YOU USE FOR INTERNET?
There are so many things you can do and participate in once connected
to the internet. They include using a range of services to communicate
and share information and things quickly and inexpensively with tens of
millions of people, both young and old and from diverse cultures around
the world. For example:
You'll be able to keep in touch and send things to colleagues and
friends using electronic mail, internet telephone, keyboard
chat and video conferencing.
You can also tap into thousands
of databases, libraries and newsgroups around the world to gather
information on any topics of interest for work or recreation. The
information can be in the form of text, pictures or even video
material.
This means you can stay up to date with news, sports, weather and
any current affairs around the world with information updated daily,
hourly or instantly.
You can also locate and download computer software and other
products that are available in cyberspace
You can listen to sounds and music, and watch digital movies
There are also a growing number of interactive multimedia
games and educational tools.
And as well as using the Internet for receiving things you will be able
to publish information about your development work experiences,
community, school, hobbies or interests.
4. HISTORY OF INTERNET
The Internet started in the 1960’s as a way for government researchers to share information.
Computers in the '60s were large and immobile and in order to make use of information stored in any
one computer, one had to either travel to the site of the computer or have magnetic computer
tapes sent through the conventional postal system.
Another catalyst in the formation of the Internet was the heating up of the Cold War. The Soviet
Union's launch of the Sputnik satellite spurred the U.S. Defense Department to consider ways
information could still be disseminated even after a nuclear attack. This eventually led to the
formation of the ARPANET (Advanced Research Projects Agency Network), the network that
ultimately evolved into what we now know as the Internet. ARPANET was a great success but
membership was limited to certain academic and research organizations who had contracts with
the Defense Department. In response to this, other networks were created to provide information
sharing.
January 1, 1983 is considered the official birthday of the Internet. Prior to this, the various computer
networks did not have a standard way to communicate with each other. A new communications
protocol was established called Transfer Control Protocol/Internetwork Protocol (TCP/IP). This allowed
different kinds of computers on different networks to "talk" to each other. ARPANET and the Defense
Data Network officially changed to the TCP/IP standard on January 1, 1983, hence the birth of the
Internet. All networks could now be connected by a universal language.
5. The image from the left side is a scale model of
the UNIVAC I (the name stood for Universal
Automatic Computer) which was delivered to
the Census Bureau in 1951. It weighed some
16,000 pounds, used 5,000 vacuum tubes, and
could perform about 1,000 calculations per
second. It was the first American commercial
computer, as well as the first computer
designed for business use. (Business computers
like the UNIVAC processed data more slowly
than the IAS-type machines, but were designed
for fast input and output.) The first few sales
were to government agencies, the A.C. Nielsen
Company, and the Prudential Insurance
Company. The first UNIVAC for business
applications was installed at the General
Electric Appliance Division, to do payroll, in
1954. By 1957 Remington-Rand (which had
purchased the Eckert-Mauchly Computer
Corporation in 1950) had sold forty-six
machines.
