The document summarizes the evolution of the Internet from its origins as the ARPANET network developed by the US military in the 1960s to the modern Internet used worldwide today. It describes key events and innovations such as the creation of TCP/IP in the 1970s, the commercial opening of the Internet in the mid-1990s, the invention of the World Wide Web in 1989, and the launch of popular websites and technologies in subsequent decades that transformed how people use the Internet.

1. Evolution of the Internet

2. What is the "internet"
● A network of networks, joining many government, university and private
computers together and providing an infrastructure for the use of E-mail,
bulletin boards, file archives, hypertext documents, databases and other
computational resources
● The vast collection of computer networks which form and act as a single
huge network for transport of data and messages across distances
which can be anywhere from the same office to anywhere in the world.

3. 1969:ARPANET
ARPANET was a research project funded by the US Department of Defense in
1969 that created the first operational packet switching network, which was a
precursor to the modern Internet. ARPANET connected several university and
research center computers, allowing them to exchange data and resources. It
was designed to improve communication among researchers and to facilitate
access to computing resources, and it played a crucial role in the
development of the modern Internet. ARPANET was decommissioned in
1990, as it was replaced by newer and more advanced networks.

4. 1971: Ray Tomlinson invented email.
● Ray Tomlinson was a computer engineer who worked on the
ARPANET project in the 1970s.
● In 1971, he created email as a way for users to send messages to
each other over the network.
● Tomlinson used the @ symbol to separate the user's name from
the destination address, creating the basic format that is still used
today.

5. 1973: The first international connections to ARPANET
are made.
● In 1973, the University College of London (UCL) and the Royal Radar
Establishment in Norway became the first organizations outside the
United States to connect to ARPANET.
● This marked an important milestone in the development of the
Internet, as it allowed researchers in different countries to
collaborate and share resources.

6. ● These international connections helped to spur further
development of the Internet, enabling it to become a truly global
network.
● By connecting researchers and institutions across borders, the
Internet facilitated the sharing of knowledge and ideas on a
scale that had never been possible before.

7. 1974: Vint Cerf and Bob Kahn develop TCP/IP, the
standard protocol for the Internet.
● In 1974, Vint Cerf and Bob Kahn developed the Transmission
Control Protocol/Internet Protocol (TCP/IP), which became the
standard protocol for the Internet.
● TCP/IP provided a standardized way for computers to
communicate with each other over the network, allowing them to
transmit and receive data in a reliable and secure manner.
● The protocol was designed to be open and flexible, allowing for
easy integration of new technologies and applications.

8. ● TCP/IP became the foundation of the Internet, providing a
common language that allowed devices to communicate with
each other regardless of their location or the type of hardware
and software they were using.
● Today, TCP/IP remains an essential component of the Internet,
providing the framework for communication and data exchange
that underpins many of the services and applications we rely on
every day.

9. 1983: ARPANET is decommissioned, and the Internet
is born.
● In 1983, ARPANET was decommissioned, marking the birth of the Internet as we know it
today.
● The network had grown beyond its original purpose as a military research project and had
become a vital tool for communication and collaboration among researchers, businesses,
and individuals around the world.
● The transition from ARPANET to the modern Internet was made possible by the development
of the Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol (TCP/IP), which provided a
standardized way for computers to communicate with each other over the network.
● With the adoption of TCP/IP as the standard protocol for the Internet, new networks were
able to connect to the existing infrastructure, allowing for the rapid expansion of the network.

10. 1989: Tim Berners-Lee invents the World Wide Web.
On March 12, 1989, Tim Berners-Lee, a British computer scientist and engineer, wrote a proposal
for what would become the World Wide Web. The proposal outlined a system for accessing and
sharing information through a network of computers. Berners-Lee implemented his proposal at
CERN, the European Organization for Nuclear Research, where he was working at the time. He
developed the first web browser, called World Wide Web, and the first web server, called CERN
httpd. In 1991, Berners-Lee released the World Wide Web to the public.
The World Wide Web has revolutionized the way we communicate, learn, and do business. It has
made information more accessible than ever before, and it has connected people from all over the
world. Berners-Lee is a true visionary, and his invention of the World Wide Web has had a profound
impact on the world.

11. 1993: The first graphical web browser, Mosaic, is released
In 1993, Marc Andreessen and Eric Bina, two graduate students at the National Center
for Supercomputing Applications (NCSA) at the University of Illinois at Urbana–
Champaign, released Mosaic, the first graphical web browser. Mosaic was a major
breakthrough in the development of the World Wide Web, as it made it much easier for
people to use the web. Mosaic was also the first web browser to support images and
other multimedia content.

12. 1995: The Internet is opened to the public
The Internet was not opened to the public in 1995. The Internet was created in the
1960s by the US Department of Defense as a way to connect computers at different
research institutions. In the 1980s, the Internet was opened to universities and
research institutions, and in the 1990s, it was opened to the public.
However, 1995 was a significant year in the history of the Internet. In 1995, the
NSFNET, a network that was funded by the National Science Foundation, was
decommissioned. This allowed commercial companies to start providing Internet
access to the public. As a result, the number of people using the Internet exploded in
the years following 1995.

13. 1996: Google is founded
In 1996, Larry Page and Sergey Brin, two Ph.D. students at Stanford
University, founded Google. Google was originally called BackRub, and it
was designed to rank web pages based on their importance. Google
quickly became the most popular search engine in the world, and it has
revolutionized the way we find information online.

14. 1998: Yahoo! and eBay are founded
In 1998, Jerry Yang and David Filo, two Ph.D. students at Stanford University,
founded Yahoo!. Yahoo! was originally a directory of websites, but it quickly
evolved into a full-fledged web portal. Yahoo! offers a wide range of
services, including email, news, weather, and finance. It is one of the most
popular websites in the world.

15. 2004: Facebook is founded.
In 2004, Mark Zuckerberg, Eduardo Saverin, Dustin Moskovitz, and Chris Hughes,
all of whom were students at Harvard University, founded Facebook. Facebook
was originally called TheFacebook, and it was designed to connect Harvard
students with each other. The site quickly grew in popularity, and it was eventually
opened up to students at other universities. In 2006, Facebook was opened up to
the general public.

16. 2005: YouTube is founded.
Steve Chen, Chad Hurley, and Jawed Karim, three former employees of PayPal,
founded YouTube. YouTube is a video-sharing platform that allows users to
watch, upload, and share videos. YouTube quickly became one of the most
popular websites in the world, and it has had a profound impact on the way we
consume media. YouTube has also been criticized for its role in spreading
misinformation and for its treatment of its creators.

17. 2007: The iPhone is released, making the Internet
more accessible to mobile users
In 2007, Apple released the iPhone, a smartphone that revolutionized the way we
use the Internet. The iPhone was the first smartphone to have a large touchscreen
display, a built-in web browser, and a mobile app store. The iPhone quickly
became a global success, and it has had a profound impact on the way we use the
Internet.

18. The iPhone made it possible for people to access the Internet on the go, and it
opened up a whole new world of possibilities for mobile users. The iPhone also
helped to popularize mobile apps, which have become an essential part of our
lives. The iPhone has had a profound impact on the way we use the Internet, and it
is one of the most important technological innovations of the 21st century.

20. Thank You