Webquest internet

Journal of Innovations in ICT 2020 Vol. 1 Issue 2
Page 1 of 11
Evolution of Internet
Ms. Annichamalar Balasubramanian
Mr. Elisha Immanuel
Mr, Sabarethinam V
One can access the internet through Smartphone, laptop,
desktop or any of the smart gadgets that are in the market. Smart
gadget is the name given to those small electronic devices that
will help you finish your task faster. If you want to search for a
movie or a song or send a letter to someone using internet you
must have something called a browser in the device that you are
using, for example Chrome, Firefox, Opera and UC. You cannot
go to the internet if you have the browser alone. You must have
the facility to use the internet through your Internet Service
Provider (ISP). They are the people who help you connect to the
network around the world. Examples of ISPs are Jio, BSNL,
AIRTEL etc. Yes, the same people who provide us with the
facility to talk on phones also provide us with the facility to use
the internet.
Many of us may already know a few things that we can
do on the internet, like, watching a movie, listening to songs or
even downloading them. There is a lot more that you can do like
shopping for things you want, and now during this lockdown
period most of you must be having your classes and class work
done using the internet, We can even learn to do arts and crafts
by watching a video on the internet.
Internet is a network of computers linking
different types of computer from all over the
world. By using internet, anyone from any part of
the world can be connected through Telephone
Lines, Cable Lines and Satellites.
Do you know what a Browser is?
A web browser is a software
application that people use in order
to view web pages on the internet.
It can be used to upload or
download.
Network Providers in India

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Router…?
How exactly is all this possible? How is it that the information
from all over the world accessible to anyone in any corner of the
world with an internet connection? If you are using a desktop or
computer at homes and offices, each computer is connected
through a thick wire with special clips to a box. Many other
computers will also be connected to the same box. These boxes
are called routers.
Router
All these routers from each home or office are connected to
another box which transmits i.e., sends and receives the data
signals. This in turn is connected to the other computers
around the world. But on our mobile phone we are
connected without wires and it is called wireless
connection. We also use small instruments called Wi-Fi to
connect to the internet. If we look at all the connections and
if all the wires were visible then it will look like a spider’s
web.
How does the internet Work?
How do we get the information from another computer in some other part of the world? Well, when we
type something in our browser and search for it, our computer talks with other computers around the
world. When I say talk, they do not use alphabets that we type but they communicate with one another
in number. Each computer, mobile or device connected to the internet has a special address which is
like the address of our house. These addresses are in numbers and are very long. They may look
something like 198.30.45.91. Each computer is connected to a server and each of these severs has
something called the data center where all the information that we upload on the net is stored in
numbers. So, when we search for something by typing it in our browser our computer quickly sends a
message to all the servers in the world and they respond with results of various places where we may
find the information we need. All this talking between the computers happens very fast at a speed of
revolving around the earth five times within a second. As you grow older I am sure you will increase
your knowledge on the internet and learn in more detail.
In 2016, there was approximately 7 billion people
living on the planet, and over 23 billion devices
connected to the Internet – that’s an average of 3
devices per person.
The Internet took just four years to
reach its first 50 Million Users.
Television took 13 years while the radio
took 38 years to reach the same number
of users. That’s cool!

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Unix is the operating system that had a
huge impact on Linux and Free BSD.
This operating system has a huge
popularity in web services today.
1970: Arpanet network: The network established
between top universities that include MIT, Harvard, and
BBN is Arpanet.
1971: Email: Ray Tamlinson developed Email in 1971.
He got the idea to use “@” to separate computer name
and the user name.
1971: Project Gutenberg and eBooks: Project
Gutenberg is very popular even today. It has a big
collection of online books with stories, histories and
science. This was first started in the 1971. It was
Michael Hart who realized the importance of storage
some 5 decades ago.
1972: CYCLADES - The Arpanet project started by
France is named CYCLADES. The important idea that
the host computer is responsible for transmission started
from this.
1973: The first trans-Atlantic connection and the
popularity of emailing
1974: The beginning of TCP/IP: One important step in
the computing begun this year with the proposal to
connect all Arpa like networks into an inter network.
1975: The email client: Emails had already become
popular. And to add flavor to it, John Vittal developed a
modern email program at University of Southern
California. MSG the important technological
advancement was made in this year.
The Internet was invented over 40
years ago, in a beer garden! Who says
the best ideas don’t come over a
drink!
The first ever email was sent in 1971.
The email was sent by Ray Tomlinson
(US programmer) who invented the
email system. The “@” symbol was
used to signify that the email was sent
to a person and not a dumb machine
(computer). Sad that he doesn’t
remember the exact message he sent
back then.
First webcam was created at
the University Of Cambridge
to monitor the Trojan coffee
pot. A live 128×128
grayscale picture of the state
of the coffee pot was
provided as the video feed.

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1977: The PC modem: It was in this year world has
witnessed the first PC modem instrumented by Dennis Hayes
and Dale Heatherington.
1978: The Bulletin Board System (BBS): In 1978, at a
blizzard in Chicago the bulletin board system was developed.
1978: Spam is born: About 600 California Arpanet users
witnessed the first ever spam message sent by Gary Thuerk.
It was called as an unsolicited commercial email message
and later became spam.
1979: Usenet: Two graduate students created an internet
based discussion system and named it Usenet. This enabled
people around the world to post a particular topic and
converse on it through messages.
1980: ENQUIRE software: The first hypertext program to
track the projects, software and people in the particle physics
lab was written by Tim Berners Lee. It was designed to keep
track of the scientists in The European Organization for
Nuclear Research.
1982: The first Emoticon- It was all a joke. Yeah! Scott
Fahlman proposed using an emoticon after a joke in 1982. Its
popularity rapidly increased. It was Kevin MacKenzie who
invented the first emotion back in 1979.
1983: Arpanet computers switch over to TCP/IP: The
TCP/IP protocols born with Arpanet computers switching to
TCP/IP protocols which were developed first by Vinton
Cerf. Though this switch, it gave the root to a good usage of
servers.
1984: Domain Name System (DNS): The Domain servers
which are ruling the world of computers now were just
started three decades ago. The domain naming system made
Internet more user-friendly when compared to the numeral IP
address system.
The Internet was 11379
days old as on 07 May
2020
WhatsApp is known for its enhanced
privacy features, such as end-to-end
encryption, and its free, web-based
international calling.
HTTP: Hypertext Transfer
Protocol. HTTP is the protocol used
to transfer data over the web.

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1985: Virtual communities: The Whole Earth
Lectronic Link which gave birth to the virtual
communities first came into being in 1985.
Stewart Brand and Larry Brilliant started the
community of readers and writers. It was called
the Whole Earth Review.
1986: Protocol wars: The Protocol wars
between the European countries and the United
States began in 1986. United States which used
Internet/Arpanet protocol won the Open
System Interconnection (OSI) used by the
European countries.
1987: The Internet grows: Adopting TCP/IP
standard gave space for larger numbers of
hosts. There were about thirty hosts on the
Internet by 1987.
1988: IRC – Internet Relay Chat: Read time
chat and instant messaging programs were first
used with the development of Internet Relay
Chat (IRC).
1989: AOL is launched: With Apple pulling
out the AppleLink program, the project was
continued with a different name “America
Online”. This gave an opportunity for the
average internet users to get popularized with
internet.
1990: First commercial dial-up ISP
Arpanet met its end in 1990 with the first dial
up Internet provider emerging up. The Internet
provider was called “The World”.
1990: World Wide Web protocols finished:
Tim Berners-Lee wrote the code for World
Wide Web with the standards for HTTP,
HTML and URLs. . The domain naming
system made Internet more user friendly when
compared to the numeral IP address system.
1989: The proposal for the World Wide Web:
Time Berners Lee wrote the first proposal for the World
Wide Web in 1989. It was published in March issue of
MacWorld.
1990: World Wide Web protocols finished
The code for the World Wide Web was written by
Tim Berners-Lee, based on his proposal from the
year before, along with the standards for HTML,
HTTP, and URLs.
1991: The first webcam

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In the next session you will see some basic terms that you must know about and while using
internet.
1998: Google!
Google went live in 1998, revolutionizing the way in
which people find information online.
2001: Wikipedia is launched
2004: “The” Facebook open to college students
2005: YouTube – streaming video
for the masses
2006: Twitter gets twittering
2007: The iPhone and the Mobile Web
Approximately 80% of world leaders have
Twitter accounts, though frequency of tweets
varies widely from one leader to another.

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HTTPS : HyperText Transport Protocol Secure.
HTTPS is the same thing as HTTP, but uses a secure
socket layer (SSL) for security purposes. Some examples
of sites that use HTTPS include banking and investment
websites, e-commerce websites, and most websites that
require you to log in.
The Amazon logo is indicating you can get everything from A to Z
(look at the arrow):
IP: Internet Protocol
IP may also be short for "IP address," as in "What is your
IP?" In this case, IP refers to the unique identifier of a
system, not the protocol itself.
WWW: the World Wide Web.
It is important to know that this is not a synonym for the
Internet. The World Wide Web, or just "the Web," as ordinary
people call it, is a subset of the Internet. The Web consists of
pages that can be accessed using a Web browser. The Internet
is the actual network of networks where all the information
resides. Things like Telnet, FTP, Internet gaming, Internet
Relay Chat (IRC), and e-mail are all part of the Internet, but
are not part of the World Wide Web. The Hyper-Text Transfer
Protocol (HTTP) is the method used to transfer Web pages to
your computer. With hypertext, a word or phrase can contain a
link to another website. All Web pages are written in the
hyper-text markup language (HTML), which works in
conjunction with HTTP.

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WAN: Wide Area Network.
It is similar to a Local Area Network (LAN), but
it's a lot bigger. Unlike LANs, WANs are not
limited to a single location. Many wide area
networks span long distances via telephone
lines, fiber optic cables, or satellite links. They
can also be composed of smaller LANs that are
interconnected. The Internet could be described
as the biggest WAN in the world.
LAN: Local Area network.
A LAN is a network of connected
devices that exist within a specific
location. LANs may be found in
homes, offices, educational institution,
or other areas.
Local Area Network
URL: Uniform Resource Locator
An internet address: A URL is the address
of a specific webpage or file on the
Internet.
URI: Uniform resource Identifier.
A URI identifies the name and location of a
file or resource in a uniform format.

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A firewall is a network security system
that monitors and controls incoming
and outgoing network traffic based on
predetermined security rules.
A firewall typically establishes a barrier
between a trusted internal network and
untrusted external network, such as the
Internet.
ISP: Internet Service Provider.
An ISP provides access to the Internet.
Whether you're at home or work, each
time you connect to the Internet, your
connection is routed through an ISP.
FTP: The File Transfer Protocol
It is a standard network protocol
used for the transfer of computer
files between a client and server on a
computer network.
ISP: Internet Service Provider
We believe that this article helped
you in understanding what is
internet, Evolution of Internet and
the important terms and features of
internet. As you all grow up, it is
unavoidable and you people are
labeled as “Digital Natives”.
Internet will become an
indispensable part of your life!

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References:
1. https://techterms.com/definition
2. https://www.webfx.com/blog/web-design/the-history-of-the-internet-in-a-nutshell/
3. https://www.theguardian.com/technology/2018/oct/22/what-is-the-internet-13-
key-questions-answered
4. https://www.history.com/news/who-invented-the-internet
5. https://www.internetsociety.org/internet/history-internet/brief-history-internet/
6. https://www.fluentu.com/blog/english/english-internet-slang/
7. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki
Disclaimer:
We have conducted this study for the partial fulfillment of our ICT course in the Ph.D.,
program. We have not intended to use this information in a business point of view.

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