Lession 8 UPS.pptx.ppt
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An uninterruptible power supply (UPS) provides emergency backup power to a load when the main power source fails. There are three main types of UPS systems - offline UPS, online UPS, and line interactive UPS. An offline UPS only powers the load after a short power interruption to switch from main power to battery backup, while an online UPS provides continuous backup power from the battery. A line interactive UPS offers improved power quality over offline UPS without the higher cost and complexity of an online UPS. Larger industrial UPS systems can provide backup power for extended periods by connecting to backup generators or larger battery banks. Proper maintenance and disposal of batteries is important for safety.
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UPS (Uninterrupted Power Supply)
This document summarizes UPS (Uninterrupted Power Supply) systems. It defines a UPS as an electrical apparatus that provides emergency backup power when main power fails. It describes the three main types of UPS systems as online, offline, and electronic generators. It lists some common applications of UPS systems like data centers, healthcare, and industries. It outlines key advantages like protecting devices from power issues and providing emergency power, as well as drawbacks like energy use and maintenance costs.
Ups
There are three main types of uninterruptible power supplies (UPS): offline UPS, online UPS, and line interactive UPS. Offline UPS has the fastest changeover time between battery and mains power, around 3-8 milliseconds. It uses an automatic voltage regulator to regulate output voltage. Line interactive UPS always has its inverter connected to the output and charges the battery when mains power is normal. Online UPS always runs on battery power whether mains power is present or not, using mains power to charge the battery when available.
UPS Working, UPS Types
UPS systems provide backup power to connected electrical loads when main power fails. There are three main types of UPS systems - offline UPS, online UPS, and line-interactive UPS. Offline UPS converts battery power to AC during outages with a 25ms transfer time, while online UPS has zero transfer time by continuously powering loads from batteries. Line-interactive UPS is similar to offline but adds a tap-changing transformer for voltage regulation and lower transients. UPS systems are commonly used in data centers, industries, telecommunications, hospitals, banks, and other critical applications.
ups
This document discusses uninterruptible power supplies (UPS). It defines a UPS as a device with an alternate energy source that provides power when the primary source is disrupted. UPS systems protect equipment from multiple power disturbances and offer protection against outages. When selecting a UPS, factors to consider include the power quality needs, required run time without primary power, reliability, noise level, monitoring capabilities, initial and maintenance costs, and warranty.
presentation on UPs
This document discusses different types of uninterruptible power supplies (UPS). It describes online UPS, offline UPS, and line interactive UPS. Online UPS provides power to connected devices continuously by maintaining a constant battery charge even when main power is available. Offline UPS only uses battery power when main power is lost. Line interactive UPS can operate as either an online or offline UPS depending on input power conditions. The document also compares UPS to inverters and discusses factors like changeover time and how to determine the necessary UPS power rating for loads.
Uninterruptible power supply
This presentation discusses uninterruptible power supplies (UPS). It begins by defining a UPS as a device that provides backup power when primary power is disrupted. It then covers the basic circuit diagram of a UPS and the three main types: online, offline, and line interactive. The key components of a UPS are also outlined, including converters, batteries, inverters, monitors, and controls. The working principles of UPS systems are then explained, noting how standby, line interactive, and online UPS topologies differ in their level of power protection. The presentation concludes by covering the two main types of UPS waveforms: sine wave and simulated sine wave output.
UPS (Uninterruptible Power Supply) on oil and gas industry. pdf
An Uninterruptible Power Supply (UPS) provides backup electrical power when the primary power source fails. It has three main components: a rectifier that converts AC to DC power, batteries that store the energy, and an inverter that converts the stored DC back to AC power. There are two main types of UPS - rotary UPS uses an alternator while static UPS uses solid-state components without rotating parts. A static UPS has four operating modes including normal operation from the main power, backup from batteries if the main fails, switching to a standby power source, and bypass for maintenance. The UPS ensures critical systems have continuous power for processes, safety and data protection.
Uninterrupted power supply
A sudden loss of power will disrupt most business operations, it is not only total mains failures or
‘blackouts’ which can trigger devastating effects. Many electrical loads, for example computer
systems, are equally susceptible to power sags, brown-outs, black-outs, power spikes and surges,
noise and radio frequency interference, and supply frequency changes.
Such loads are often referred to as ‘critical loads’, partly because their continuous operation is
fundamental to the functioning of the business, and also because they require a more stable and
reliable power source than that generally offered by the utility mains supply in order to guarantee
their correct function.
Critical Load Applications
The numbers and types of load falling into the ‘critical’ category are rapidly expanding as an
ever increasing range of microprocessor-based equipment enters both the industrial and commercial
marketplaces. This is typified by the growth of on-line transaction processing and Ecommerce
where 24 hour trading demands absolute power quality with zero downtime.
Among typical critical loads are:
• Computers – e.g. data processing and control systems.
• Industrial process equipment – e.g. precision manufacturing.
• Medical equipment – e.g. life support and monitoring systems.
• Telecommunications network equipment – e.g. PABX.
• Point of sales (POS) terminals – e.g retailing environment.
• On-line business transactions – e.g. internet shopping.
The effects of an inadequate supply to a critical load can include:
• Cessation of the business process – i.e. a total inability to trade and/or communicate
• data loss or corruption due to software crashing
• Expensive hardware failure including component damage – e.g. due to power sags,
spikes etc.
• Production loss due to incorrect operation of a manufacturing process and possible
production equipment damage
• Inappropriate control system operation
• Lost business due to failed POS or telecommunications equipment
• Possible time penalty paid to repair/reset affected systems
Recommended
UPS (Uninterrupted Power Supply)
This document summarizes UPS (Uninterrupted Power Supply) systems. It defines a UPS as an electrical apparatus that provides emergency backup power when main power fails. It describes the three main types of UPS systems as online, offline, and electronic generators. It lists some common applications of UPS systems like data centers, healthcare, and industries. It outlines key advantages like protecting devices from power issues and providing emergency power, as well as drawbacks like energy use and maintenance costs.
Ups
There are three main types of uninterruptible power supplies (UPS): offline UPS, online UPS, and line interactive UPS. Offline UPS has the fastest changeover time between battery and mains power, around 3-8 milliseconds. It uses an automatic voltage regulator to regulate output voltage. Line interactive UPS always has its inverter connected to the output and charges the battery when mains power is normal. Online UPS always runs on battery power whether mains power is present or not, using mains power to charge the battery when available.
UPS Working, UPS Types
UPS systems provide backup power to connected electrical loads when main power fails. There are three main types of UPS systems - offline UPS, online UPS, and line-interactive UPS. Offline UPS converts battery power to AC during outages with a 25ms transfer time, while online UPS has zero transfer time by continuously powering loads from batteries. Line-interactive UPS is similar to offline but adds a tap-changing transformer for voltage regulation and lower transients. UPS systems are commonly used in data centers, industries, telecommunications, hospitals, banks, and other critical applications.
ups
This document discusses uninterruptible power supplies (UPS). It defines a UPS as a device with an alternate energy source that provides power when the primary source is disrupted. UPS systems protect equipment from multiple power disturbances and offer protection against outages. When selecting a UPS, factors to consider include the power quality needs, required run time without primary power, reliability, noise level, monitoring capabilities, initial and maintenance costs, and warranty.
presentation on UPs
This document discusses different types of uninterruptible power supplies (UPS). It describes online UPS, offline UPS, and line interactive UPS. Online UPS provides power to connected devices continuously by maintaining a constant battery charge even when main power is available. Offline UPS only uses battery power when main power is lost. Line interactive UPS can operate as either an online or offline UPS depending on input power conditions. The document also compares UPS to inverters and discusses factors like changeover time and how to determine the necessary UPS power rating for loads.
Uninterruptible power supply
This presentation discusses uninterruptible power supplies (UPS). It begins by defining a UPS as a device that provides backup power when primary power is disrupted. It then covers the basic circuit diagram of a UPS and the three main types: online, offline, and line interactive. The key components of a UPS are also outlined, including converters, batteries, inverters, monitors, and controls. The working principles of UPS systems are then explained, noting how standby, line interactive, and online UPS topologies differ in their level of power protection. The presentation concludes by covering the two main types of UPS waveforms: sine wave and simulated sine wave output.
UPS (Uninterruptible Power Supply) on oil and gas industry. pdf
An Uninterruptible Power Supply (UPS) provides backup electrical power when the primary power source fails. It has three main components: a rectifier that converts AC to DC power, batteries that store the energy, and an inverter that converts the stored DC back to AC power. There are two main types of UPS - rotary UPS uses an alternator while static UPS uses solid-state components without rotating parts. A static UPS has four operating modes including normal operation from the main power, backup from batteries if the main fails, switching to a standby power source, and bypass for maintenance. The UPS ensures critical systems have continuous power for processes, safety and data protection.
Uninterrupted power supply
A sudden loss of power will disrupt most business operations, it is not only total mains failures or
‘blackouts’ which can trigger devastating effects. Many electrical loads, for example computer
systems, are equally susceptible to power sags, brown-outs, black-outs, power spikes and surges,
noise and radio frequency interference, and supply frequency changes.
Such loads are often referred to as ‘critical loads’, partly because their continuous operation is
fundamental to the functioning of the business, and also because they require a more stable and
reliable power source than that generally offered by the utility mains supply in order to guarantee
their correct function.
Critical Load Applications
The numbers and types of load falling into the ‘critical’ category are rapidly expanding as an
ever increasing range of microprocessor-based equipment enters both the industrial and commercial
marketplaces. This is typified by the growth of on-line transaction processing and Ecommerce
where 24 hour trading demands absolute power quality with zero downtime.
Among typical critical loads are:
• Computers – e.g. data processing and control systems.
• Industrial process equipment – e.g. precision manufacturing.
• Medical equipment – e.g. life support and monitoring systems.
• Telecommunications network equipment – e.g. PABX.
• Point of sales (POS) terminals – e.g retailing environment.
• On-line business transactions – e.g. internet shopping.
The effects of an inadequate supply to a critical load can include:
• Cessation of the business process – i.e. a total inability to trade and/or communicate
• data loss or corruption due to software crashing
• Expensive hardware failure including component damage – e.g. due to power sags,
spikes etc.
• Production loss due to incorrect operation of a manufacturing process and possible
production equipment damage
• Inappropriate control system operation
• Lost business due to failed POS or telecommunications equipment
• Possible time penalty paid to repair/reset affected systems
UPS Sizing
This document discusses UPS sizing calculations. It provides a 4 step methodology: 1) determine loads, 2) construct load profile and calculate design load/energy, 3) size battery bank, 4) size inverter, rectifier, and static switch. Key aspects include determining load profiles based on autonomy requirements, calculating design load/energy margins, selecting battery cell configurations and capacities based on voltage tolerances, and right-sizing power conversion components based on load and battery specifications.
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The document discusses uninterruptible power supplies (UPS). It defines a UPS as a critical device that provides emergency backup power when the primary power source fails. A UPS contains components like an AC to DC converter, batteries, inverter, and battery charging unit to regulate voltage and provide continuous power. UPS systems are used to protect equipment from power disturbances that can cause data loss or equipment damage. The document outlines the components and functions of a basic UPS.
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It’s a power electronics project. It is able to give output voltage(DC) more and less than input voltage as per requirement.
We can generate variable DC voltage which is less than input, but, the special things about this converter is, it has capability to produce variable DC voltage as high as twice the input voltage.
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2. Key methods of transmission line protection include time-graded overcurrent protection, differential protection, current-graded overcurrent protection, and distance protection.
3. Distance protection uses impedance relays that can discriminate between faults along the line and those near the end, providing more selective operation than overcurrent protection alone. It describes implementations using simple impedance, reactance, and mho relays.
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UPS provides protection against power outages by supplying power from batteries to critical equipment. It increases reliability and can save work and time. A UPS has components like a battery charger, rectifiers, battery, inverter, and filters. It works by converting incoming AC power to DC to charge the battery, and can convert the battery DC power back to AC to power equipment during an outage. Proper maintenance like ventilation, load control, and battery charging/discharging can extend the life of a UPS.
Alternating Current Machines-Synchronous Machines
This document provides an overview of synchronous machines including:
- Synchronous machines operate at synchronous speed and lock into the rotating magnetic field produced by the stator.
- The rotor is a magnet that is dragged along for the ride as the rotating magnetic field rotates.
- Torque is produced as the magnetic fields of the rotor and stator interact. The torque allows the motor to operate at a constant synchronous speed under varying load.
Active filter iora 2 consul
- Harmonics are multiples of the supply frequency that are produced by non-linear loads such as AC to DC converters. They can cause overheating, overloading, and failures in electrical equipment.
- Common sources of harmonics are computers, electronic ballasts, variable speed drives, UPS systems, and rectifiers. Harmonics can lead to issues like overloading of neutrals, overheating of transformers, and tripping of circuit breakers.
- Solutions to harmonics include passive filters using inductors and capacitors, active harmonic filters that inject compensating currents, and improving power factor using capacitors or active power factor correction.
Capacitor
This document discusses power factor correction and automatic power factor correction (APFC) systems. It explains that power factor is the ratio of active power to apparent power and can be lagging or leading. Low power factors are caused by inductive loads and non-linear loads. APFC systems use capacitors in automatic steps controlled by a microprocessor to maintain a high power factor under varying loads without manual intervention or risk of overvoltage. This improves efficiency and reduces utility penalties and equipment loading and sizes. The document provides specifications for capacitor selection and switching equipment for APFC systems.
automatic power factor controller
This document discusses power factor correction and automatic power factor correction (APFC) systems. It explains that power factor is the ratio of active power to apparent power and can be lagging or leading. Low power factors are caused by inductive loads and non-linear loads. APFC systems use capacitors in automatic steps controlled by a microprocessor to maintain a high power factor under varying loads without manual intervention or risk of overvoltage. This improves efficiency and reduces utility penalties and equipment loading and sizes. The document provides specifications for capacitor selection and switching equipment for APFC systems.
Industrial training report format
Here are the key characteristics of a good inverter:
- Sinusoidal output voltage waveform
- High gain
- Controllable output voltage and frequency
- Low power requirement for control circuitry
- Low cost
- Long working life
- Semiconductor devices with minimal switching and conduction losses
Power factor improvement
Power factor is a ratio between actual power and apparent power in a circuit. A low power factor is caused by inductive loads like motors and transformers which draw lagging current. Improving power factor through devices like capacitors reduces line losses, improves voltage regulation, lowers electricity bills, and allows for more load to be served. Properly locating power factor correction equipment such as installing capacitor banks at substations instead of individual loads provides the benefits of power factor improvement in a cost effective manner.
General Power Quality
Come join the area's leading power quality experts as we demonstrate and replicate common power quality issues, problems and solutions in today's industrial and commercial electrical environments.
Apf Cpresentation
The document discusses power factor correction and automatic power factor correction (APFC) systems. It explains that power factor is the ratio of active power to apparent power and can be lagging or leading. Low power factor causes inefficient energy use and other issues. APFC systems automatically switch capacitor banks to maintain a high power factor under varying loads without manual intervention. This prevents issues like overvoltage and penalties compared to fixed capacitor compensation. The document provides details on components, control, and benefits of APFC systems.
SME PPT
Sree Meenakshi Electricals is a leading supplier of power quality and power electronics products in India. It offers products like power factor correction panels, capacitors, UPS systems, and batteries. The company aims to provide high quality, customized solutions and services to satisfy customers in various industries like textiles, food processing, manufacturing and others. It works with several brands and partners to deliver total power solutions.
Electrical interviwe qustions
The document contains questions and answers related to electrical engineering topics. Some key topics covered include: inrush current, transformer tap connections, transformer VA ratings, differences between fuses and breakers, delta-delta and delta-star transformer configurations, capacitor bank current readings, AC frequency determination methods, transformer induced voltage equations, AC vs DC transmission systems, DC series motor applications in trains, battery bank connections, megger and contact resistance meter uses, capacitor bank connections, motor generator set applications, power quality meters, digital vs ordinary phase converters, variable frequency transformer operation, rotary phase converter uses, capacitor tolerance codes, standard 4-20 mA output ranges, series bulb circuit behavior, knee point voltage, reverse power relays, effects
Automatic power factor correction unit
This document discusses power factor correction and automatic power factor correction (APFC) units. It defines power factor and different types of circuits. It explains the importance and disadvantages of low power factor. It describes how APFC units use capacitor banks controlled by a regulator to automatically adjust the power factor above a desired level. The document outlines the key parts of an APFC unit and maintenance procedures.
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Lession 8 UPS.pptx.ppt
- 1. Uninterruptible Power Source Uninterruptible Power Supply (UPS) An electrical apparatus that provides emergency power to a load when the input power source fails.
- 2. Types of UPS Three types Offline UPS Online UPS Line interactive UPS
- 3. Offline UPS Block diagram
- 4. Offline UPS Load is supplied from the ac input Inverter remains OFF Battery is being charged from ac input When input ac fails, Inverter is switched ON Then load is transferred to the inverter output A time interval, usually 10 to 50 ms is required, to switch ON the inverter and to transfer the load
- 5. Merit and demerit Offline UPS Long Battery life Long Inverter life Not suitable for sophisticated load Momentarily power interruption occurs Power quality is not taken care 1. Over/Under voltage 2. Fluctuation of frequency 3. Transients/surges in ac line 4. Improper voltage wave shape Comparatively less maintenance
- 6. Online UPS Load is always connected at the inverter output ac to DC converter ac input Battery DC to ac inverter Load Inverter receives power from battery Battery is charged from ac supply through charger When ac supply fails, charging to battery stops Load continues receiving power from inverter Load faces no power interruption, even momentarily
- 7. Merit and demerit : Online UPS Battery and inverter are always running, reduces life Perfectly un-interrupted power is ensured Power quality can be taken care in the inverter Extra care and maintenances is needed Useful for very very sophisticated load Large battery backup is needed Comparatively costly Comparatively complex design and construction
- 8. Line interactive UPS Load Static Switch S1 Static Switch S2 Online UPS ac input Power quality Monitor Less running time of UPS Reduced maintenance Longer life of Battery and inverter Quality power supply Almost un-interruptible power
- 9. Large Industrial UPS ICU, Central Computer Centre Battery Bank ac generator DC motor ac input Battery Charger Not cost effective Increased maintenance Large Battery Bank Separate building needed Perfectly un-interruptible and quality power for longer time is ensured
- 10. Standby Generator Large Sensitive Load Chang-over Switch ac input ac Generator Static Switch Online UPS It takes 1-2 minutes to start up the generator UPS continues supply during this interim period Central Monitor
- 12. UPS
- 13. UPS
- 14. Industrial UPS
- 15. Industrial UPS
- 16. Power Safe Online LF UPS 5-40KVA Three Phase Industrial UPS
- 18. UPS Battery
- 19. WHAT IS AMP-HOURS it is an indication of how much energy can be stored by the battery. Example “100 AH @ 20HR”. The “5 amps” was calculated by dividing 100 by 20. the battery will provide 5 amps of current at a useable voltage continuously for 20 hours.
- 20. WHAT ARE AMP HOURS “150 AH @ 15 hours” 10 amps of current at a useable voltage continuously for 15 hours. a 120 amp hour battery will have more capacity than a 80 amp hour battery.
- 21. A Common Misunderstanding A specification reads, “100 AH @ 20HR”. 5 amps of current for 20 hours. 100 amps for 1 Hour ?? NO may only provide about 40 minutes of continuous 100 amp service at best. the capacity will decrease as the rate of discharge increases.
- 22. Deep Discharge Lower limit of discharge A 12 Volt battery may have 10.8V as deep discharge level A battery if discharged beyond this limit, may not be able to receive charge again Battery if re-charged before deep discharge, will have good life
- 23. Car battery VS Deep Discharge Battery car battery is designed to deliver a burst of energy for a short time a deep cycle battery provides power at a steady rate over a long period. Deep cycle battery is useful for UPS
- 24. Deep Cycle Battery 1. Flooded acid battery 2. Absorbent glass mat (AGM) Battery Sealed lead-acid battery electrolyte is absorbed into a fibreglass mat
- 25. Deep Cycle Battery 3. Sealed Lead acid battery valve regulated lead acid (VRLA) batteries 4. Gel Battery 5. Lithium ion batteries
- 26. BATTERY SAFETY • MAINTENANCE INSPECT PERIODICALLY REPLACE AS NEEDED • RISKS ACID ELECTRIC SHOCK BURN FLYING, MOLTEN METAL (EYES) INJURIES RESULTING FROM CARRYING HEAVY BATTERY PACKS • DISPOSAL DISPOSE OF PROPERLY RECYCLE WHENEVER POSSIBLE 26