Indigenous architecture is developed based on the needs and available resources of a region, with a distinctive relation to the local culture, society, and environment. Settlement patterns are influenced by both human factors like social organization and natural factors like climate and location. Indigenous architecture represents an amalgamation of these human and natural factors, with the character of settlements often defined by communities of buildings rather than single structures.

1. Lecture 4 Rural Settlements

3. Settlement Patterns Influences A Dwelling is generated from the Human and Natural factors. Human factors - Person’s aspirations, social organization, way of life, social and psychological needs, - Religious and Cultural needs - Attitude to nature, personality, fashion - Physical requirements, functional program - Economic resources, affordability - Available technical resources Natural factors - Climatic conditions - Location aspects, rivers, deserts, sea shore, mountains etc. - Visual aspects

6. Valais, Switzereland Settlement along Hill slopes * Settlement follows a distinct pattern of setting, with sloping roofs (to protect clear from snow fall) and terraces that look over the next one. Bahcelerustu, Turkey Settlement on hills * All the roofs are of locally made tiles and sloping to provide heavy seasonal rain fall. HILL SITES

9. FOREST DWELLINGS Kung san bushmen dwelling in Namibia. Hunting and migrating makes these settlements temporary ones. Easy to erect and dismantle. Seen as part of the forest. Valley dwellings at Yemen. The valleys collect rain water and naturally act as barriers against desert winds. The settlement itself will be contained and protective. VALLEY DWELLINGS

10. Division of Space Utilization in Dwellings can be classified broadly into combined space dwellings and separated space dwellings. 1. Combined space dwelling : Houses in Torbel, Switzerland. 2. Separate space dwelling : Be is a Fulani village northern Nigeria.

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