Architecture and Architects in Egypt a
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Architecture and Architects in Egypt (a)
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Architecture and Architects in Egypt a
- 1. Architecture and Urbanism in Egypt Dr. Yasser Mahgoub ARC 013 Introduction to Architecture and Urbanism T H E F U T U R E S T A R T S H E R E S p r i n g 2 0 2 3
- 2. Architecture and Urbanism in Egypt Dr. Yasser Mahgoub
- 3. Egypt and Cairo Maps
- 4. The Old World Mediterranean Sea Egypt
- 7. Cairo
- 10. الشمال 100 م الصيرة عين زينهم المرأة قطع بوالق ( المنخفضة االرض ) زراعية ارض سيول 80 م زراعية ارض قديم جديد صحراء المقطم سالسل ( مادة بناء - حجر )
- 12. Cairo Fustat arose after the Islamic conquest of Egypt between the Nile River and Tel Mokattam as a fortified military city with the river on one side, the mountain on the other side, and the Upper Egypt on the third side.
- 13. القصرين بين الفتوح باب النصر باب مسجد الحاكم هللا بأمر االزهر باب زويلة اللوق السعادة باب Luck! الفرج باب القنطرة باب القلعة 1207 طولون ابن الخليج الوزير باب الكبش قلعة الفيل بركة شيخ مؤيد مسجد
- 14. Cairo Fatimid Cairo represented an important era in the development of traditional Arab cities, with its high walls, great gates, narrow streets, small houses, large palaces, mosques, mosques, commercial agencies, baths, and numerous specialized markets, which became the stereotype of the traditional Arab city.
- 15. Cairo 1800
- 16. Cairo 1847
- 22. النيل المقطم المنيل الجزيرة الجيزة القطائع العسكر الفسطاط الدرب االحمر بوالق
- 26. Since the nineteenth century, Cairo, at the hands of Muhammad Ali, began to move away from Mokattam towards the Nile, along with its organs and institutions. Muhammad Ali
- 29. This urban migration was accelerated by Khedive Ismail, who wanted to make "Egypt a piece of Europe" and established many new areas on the new lands that were exploited as a result of controlling the Nile. He moved the center of government from the citadel to Abdeen Palace, and established the Opera, Azbakia Park, the Haram Road, the Ataba, and the modern European-style commercial area known today in Khedivial Cairo around Imad El- Din Street. Khedive Ismail
- 32. النيل القلع ة المقطم بوالق المنيل الجزيرة الجيزة الظاهر السكاكينى جاردن سيتى قصر عابدين سلطان حسن المعزية الفسطا ط االسما عيلية حى عابدين التوفي ق ية الدرب االحمر قايتبا ى الفجالة غمرة السيدة زينب عمرو بن العاص ابن طولون العباس ية الشافعى االزهر الدمرداش ومنشية ومنش القبة الصدر ية البكرى الزيتون فالحلمية شمس فعين فالمطرية مصر الجديدة الجيزة الدقى الحوزة امبابة بندر الجيزة حلوان
- 33. النيل القلع ة المقطم بوالق المنيل الجزيرة الجيزة الظاهر السكاكينى جاردن سيتى قصر عابدين سلطان حسن المعزية الفسطا ط االسما عيلية حى عابدين التوفي ق ية الدرب االحمر قايتبا ى الفجالة غمرة السيدة زينب عمرو بن العاص ابن طولون العباس ية الشافعى االزهر الدمرداش ومنشية ومنش القبة الصدر ية البكرى الزيتون فالحلمية شمس فعين فالمطرية مصر الجديدة الجيزة الدقى الحوزة امبابة بندر الجيزة حلوان مدينة نصر
- 35. Cairo Paris
- 38. Cairo was affected by two main factors in its development: first is the control of the Nile and its ability to exploit new lands adjacent to it and cross the river by bridges to reach the other bank. Development of Cairo
- 39. Second, the emergence of modern means of transportation and public transport networks such as trains, trams, wagons, and finally cars. New areas away from the walled capital were exploited to create new residential, commercial and governmental areas. Development of Cairo
- 40. Cairo 1933
- 41. In 1894, the Belgian Baron Edward Empain arrived in Cairo to implement his project to establish a railway (tram) and a new city on its two sides near the Pharaonic city of Heliopolis named after her and later nicknamed "Heliopolis". "Empain's intention was to monopolize the railway system and then build a city along its tracks," says Khaled Adham. (Adham 2008) Baron Edward Empain - Heliopolis
- 47. Empain and his partner Nubar Pasha gave six thousand acres and a permit to connect the new city to Cairo through a railway (tram). Heliopolis was designed on the pattern of the Garden City proposed by the global planner Ebenezer Howard in the late nineteenth century, which aims at urban decentralization by creating urban communities away from large crowded cities in a healthy, clean environment with low population density and enjoying dense green areas. Baron Edward Empain - Heliopolis
- 51. Nasr city– 1959 (est) President Nasr After the 1952 revolution and the socialist political trend that it adopted, the state established new cities such as Nasr City, which was distinguished by its large economic buildings and public buildings in a modern style far from the Islamic or oriental style. The buildings of Nasr City were characterized by simplicity and avoidance of decorations, inscriptions and elements that suggest belonging to the East or the West. It built regular, perpendicular roads that allowed cars and public transportation, government buildings, huge apartment complexes for civil servants, and regular small villas for statesmen and the wealthy class. Nasr city– 1959 (est)
- 52. Nasr city– 1959 (est)
- 53. After the 1952 revolution and the socialist political trend that it adopted, the state established new cities such as Nasr City, which was distinguished by its large economic buildings and public buildings in a modern style far from the Islamic or oriental style. The buildings of Nasr City were characterized by simplicity and avoidance of decorations, inscriptions and elements that suggest belonging to the East or the West. It built regular, perpendicular roads that allowed cars and public transportation, government buildings, huge apartment complexes for civil servants, and regular small villas for statesmen and the wealthy class.
- 56. At the same time, the state imposed restrictions on the rents of existing housing in the state and prevented the eviction of its residents in line with the policy of social reform, as it did with the distribution of feudal lands to the peasants. This policy led to the reluctance of land owners and investors to build houses due to the low return on them and the state's control over their rents. Rent Control
- 57. Egypt became involved in many regional conflicts during the end of the fifties and the beginning of the sixties, which exhausted its budget and facilities. After the 1967 defeat, the Egyptian economy turned to financing the military forces in preparation for war, and the private sector refrained from building housing due to the useless return from it. 1967 - 1973
- 58. With the increase in migration rates from the countryside to the city, as a result of weak agricultural land revenues and the lack of services in the countryside, the need for housing in the city increased. The new arrivals only found shelter in the rural areas surrounding the city, to create simple housing that meets their basic needs. The State has turned a blind eye to these random practices due to its preoccupation with the war and its inability to provide the necessary housing for citizens. Informal Housing
- 60. Informal Housing
- 61. Informal Housing
- 63. The phenomenon of construction spread in villages on agricultural lands near Cairo and major cities, and the prices of lands in them rose to be sold by meters instead of acres. The phenomenon of squatter housing, such as cancer, has spread in and around the city, and the majority of Cairo’s buildings have become random, whether through squatter building around them or as a result of violating the laws and building permits inside them. Informal Housing
- 65. Cairo Growth
- 68. After Egypt's victory in the 1973 war, the country moved to open up to the West politically and economically. The state encouraged local and international capital to invest in Egypt through the establishment of factories, real estate and trade. For this, a number of new cities were established around Cairo during the seventies and eighties, such as 10th of Ramadan City, 6th of October, El Obour and 1st of May. The new cities attracted factories, companies, private universities, and provided economic housing for workers, plots of villas, palaces, sports clubs, and large plots of land for large real estate projects. New Cities
- 69. New Cairo
- 70. New Cairo New Cairo was established in the nineties as an extension in the eastern part of Cairo, Nasr City and Heliopolis. New Cairo has large plots of land for real estate investors and the wealthy, in addition to prestigious international schools and universities. Housing spread in New Cairo through walled residential compounds (Gated Communities) that enjoy large green areas, golf lands, and luxury hotels, in addition to huge commercial markets and branches of well-known international stores. A percentage of economic housing has also been established in New Cairo for newly married couples and those with limited incomes.
- 71. The state is currently moving to establish a new administrative capital between the cities of Cairo and Suez. It is hoped that the new capital will contribute to improving the deteriorating urban environment in Cairo by moving many government buildings, embassies and administrative works to it and relieving the burden of the old city. العاصمة اإلدارية الجديدة New Cairo
- 75. End