The document provides an overview of enterprise architecture. It defines enterprise architecture as the explicit description and documentation of current and desired relationships among business and IT. It discusses key aspects of enterprise architecture including frameworks like TOGAF and Zachman, the four main architecture domains of business, information, application, and technology, and how enterprise architecture can help align IT with business goals and enable strategic agility. It also provides examples of how different organizations can implement enterprise architecture.
Introduction to Enterprise ArchitectureMohammed Omar
what is Enterprise Architecture
Enterprise Architecture Life-cycle
Enterprise Architecture benefits
Enterprise Architecture challenges
EA driven approach for IT strategy
Enterprise Architecture frameworks
Why do we Need Enterprise Architecture
The world has not really settled on precise definitions of IT architecture or architecture description as these terms relate to the enterprises and its systems or software
Introduction to Enterprise ArchitectureMohammed Omar
what is Enterprise Architecture
Enterprise Architecture Life-cycle
Enterprise Architecture benefits
Enterprise Architecture challenges
EA driven approach for IT strategy
Enterprise Architecture frameworks
Why do we Need Enterprise Architecture
The world has not really settled on precise definitions of IT architecture or architecture description as these terms relate to the enterprises and its systems or software
During last few years, role of Enterprise Architecture has expanded from technical to strategic in an Organization. This slide deck presents: Using Enterprise Architecture in your Organization.
Introduction to Enterprise Architecture Leo Shuster
If you ever wanted to find out what Enterprise Architecture was, this is the presentation for you. It gives you a basic understanding of Enterprise Architecture, its goals, objectives, and benefits.
What is the Value of Mature Enterprise Architecture TOGAFxavblai
Judith Jones received the Open Group award for Outstanding Contributions to the development of TOGAF 9 at 19th Open Group Enterprise Architecture Practitioners Conference Chicago - July 21-23, 2008. Former CEO of Architecting the Enterprise which has been a member of The Open Group for 6 years, she is personnally involved since 1997. As an active member of The Open Group and she is a major contributor and an editor of TOGAF 7, 8 and 9 as well as leading TOGAF projects for localisation, case studies, ADML, synergy and collaboration projects.
http://www.opengroup.org/member/member-spotlight-jones.htm
A Brief Introduction to Enterprise Architecture Daljit Banger
Presentation to Metropolitan University (London) on the 16th Feb 2017.
The purpose of the session was to introduce core basic concepts around Enterprise Architecture and discuss the role of the Enterprise Architect .
A simple guide to learn what EA is, why it’s important and how you can be using it to help your enterprise.
For more information: info@boc-group.com
Try ADOIT for EA:
https://www.boc-group.com/adoit/#test-it
My objective with this presentation is to introduce the key frameworks and standards that provide practical guidance when tackling an EA project or implementing an EA capability.
There is currently not a universality accepted definition of EA and therefore it is important to but context to the presentation, so before we start discussing standards and frameworks that address the challenges, I want to take a minute to state my definition of Enterprise Architecture.
How many times have you been surprised, and frustrated, to learn your IT capabilities won’t support a new or key business objective? Given the rapidly changing healthcare industry and multitude of new initiatives, this scenario happens all the time.
So how can you help ensure your IT components will work together, and can be leveraged to drive business results?
You need a blueprint — a way to align IT to the business – an IT Enterprise Architecture.
A sound Enterprise Architecture ensures your business is supported by IT components working together to deliver both a return-on-investment and projected business results.
Enterprise Architecture .vs. Collection of Architectures in EnterpriseYan Zhao
Enterprise Architecture (EA) is becoming popular in most private enterprises these days due to the practical needs in this era of IT, after its noticeable fading in public sectors. At this stage, the lessons learned from public sectors could be very helpful to the EA adoption in both public and private sectors in moving forward.
We noticed that there is still no unified answer regarding to what is EA and what should be in it. It is not rare to see that so called “EA” is to use an EA tool and/or an EA repository to collect all type of “architecture” artifacts inside enterprise. These “architecture” artifacts are developed in different timeframes, cover different level of content details, and are created from different perspectives for different purpose. While a real EA should consist of “architecture” artifacts in concert by planning ahead with a designated purpose for each view. The level of details is good enough to convey intent and to serve the purpose, no more and no less.
This presentation will discuss the differences between enterprise architecture and a collection of architectures in enterprise. It’ll help to clarify the focus in each phase and stage of EA development (e.g. in TOGAF) to ensure successful EA adoptions in solutions, initiatives, programs, and projects.
Selecting Approaches to Enterprise Architecturesallybean
This presentation was given at EAC Europe (the premier European Enterprise Architecture conference) in 2010. It shows how some of the ideas of Systems and Complexity Science can be applied to produce a new way of thinking about EA that is accessible to all stakeholders and supports improved communication between people as well as machines
Presented at The Open Group Sydney Conference April 17 2013: Enterprise Transformation,
Enterprises are now seriously considering cloud as a viable architectural style . However, without a disciplined process and techniques for evolution, governance, change management and measurement, it will be disastrous to adopt cloud in a random fashion . TOGAF Architecture Development Method (ADM) can provide the approach for adopting cloud in an orderly way.
Key takeaways:
-- Importance of EA for successful implementation of Cloud Computing
-- Identifying the road map for adoption of cloud computing
Enterprise architecture (EA) is a well-defined practice for conducting enterprise analysis, design, planning, and implementation, using a comprehensive approach at all times, for the successful development and execution of strategy.
During last few years, role of Enterprise Architecture has expanded from technical to strategic in an Organization. This slide deck presents: Using Enterprise Architecture in your Organization.
Introduction to Enterprise Architecture Leo Shuster
If you ever wanted to find out what Enterprise Architecture was, this is the presentation for you. It gives you a basic understanding of Enterprise Architecture, its goals, objectives, and benefits.
What is the Value of Mature Enterprise Architecture TOGAFxavblai
Judith Jones received the Open Group award for Outstanding Contributions to the development of TOGAF 9 at 19th Open Group Enterprise Architecture Practitioners Conference Chicago - July 21-23, 2008. Former CEO of Architecting the Enterprise which has been a member of The Open Group for 6 years, she is personnally involved since 1997. As an active member of The Open Group and she is a major contributor and an editor of TOGAF 7, 8 and 9 as well as leading TOGAF projects for localisation, case studies, ADML, synergy and collaboration projects.
http://www.opengroup.org/member/member-spotlight-jones.htm
A Brief Introduction to Enterprise Architecture Daljit Banger
Presentation to Metropolitan University (London) on the 16th Feb 2017.
The purpose of the session was to introduce core basic concepts around Enterprise Architecture and discuss the role of the Enterprise Architect .
A simple guide to learn what EA is, why it’s important and how you can be using it to help your enterprise.
For more information: info@boc-group.com
Try ADOIT for EA:
https://www.boc-group.com/adoit/#test-it
My objective with this presentation is to introduce the key frameworks and standards that provide practical guidance when tackling an EA project or implementing an EA capability.
There is currently not a universality accepted definition of EA and therefore it is important to but context to the presentation, so before we start discussing standards and frameworks that address the challenges, I want to take a minute to state my definition of Enterprise Architecture.
How many times have you been surprised, and frustrated, to learn your IT capabilities won’t support a new or key business objective? Given the rapidly changing healthcare industry and multitude of new initiatives, this scenario happens all the time.
So how can you help ensure your IT components will work together, and can be leveraged to drive business results?
You need a blueprint — a way to align IT to the business – an IT Enterprise Architecture.
A sound Enterprise Architecture ensures your business is supported by IT components working together to deliver both a return-on-investment and projected business results.
Enterprise Architecture .vs. Collection of Architectures in EnterpriseYan Zhao
Enterprise Architecture (EA) is becoming popular in most private enterprises these days due to the practical needs in this era of IT, after its noticeable fading in public sectors. At this stage, the lessons learned from public sectors could be very helpful to the EA adoption in both public and private sectors in moving forward.
We noticed that there is still no unified answer regarding to what is EA and what should be in it. It is not rare to see that so called “EA” is to use an EA tool and/or an EA repository to collect all type of “architecture” artifacts inside enterprise. These “architecture” artifacts are developed in different timeframes, cover different level of content details, and are created from different perspectives for different purpose. While a real EA should consist of “architecture” artifacts in concert by planning ahead with a designated purpose for each view. The level of details is good enough to convey intent and to serve the purpose, no more and no less.
This presentation will discuss the differences between enterprise architecture and a collection of architectures in enterprise. It’ll help to clarify the focus in each phase and stage of EA development (e.g. in TOGAF) to ensure successful EA adoptions in solutions, initiatives, programs, and projects.
Selecting Approaches to Enterprise Architecturesallybean
This presentation was given at EAC Europe (the premier European Enterprise Architecture conference) in 2010. It shows how some of the ideas of Systems and Complexity Science can be applied to produce a new way of thinking about EA that is accessible to all stakeholders and supports improved communication between people as well as machines
Presented at The Open Group Sydney Conference April 17 2013: Enterprise Transformation,
Enterprises are now seriously considering cloud as a viable architectural style . However, without a disciplined process and techniques for evolution, governance, change management and measurement, it will be disastrous to adopt cloud in a random fashion . TOGAF Architecture Development Method (ADM) can provide the approach for adopting cloud in an orderly way.
Key takeaways:
-- Importance of EA for successful implementation of Cloud Computing
-- Identifying the road map for adoption of cloud computing
Enterprise architecture (EA) is a well-defined practice for conducting enterprise analysis, design, planning, and implementation, using a comprehensive approach at all times, for the successful development and execution of strategy.
Introduction to Enterprise Architecture and TOGAF 9.1iasaglobal
Santos Pardos nos dará una visión general a TOGAF. Durante 2 horas, Santos nos introducirá al mundo de The Open Group Architecture Framework (TOGAF), ese marco de trabajo de Arquitectura Empresarial que muchos escuchamos hablar. Nos contará el enfoque propuesto para el diseño, planificación, implementación y gobierno de una arquitectura empresarial de información. También repasará, a alto nivel, cuatro niveles o dimensiones: Arquitectura de Negocios Arquitectura de Aplicaciones Arquitectura Tecnológica Arquitectura de Dat
An introduction to fundamental architecture conceptswweinmeyer79
(Note: This is a very dated version of this popular deck, as SlideShare does not provide authors with a mechanism to update their documents. If interested in the latest version, feel free to message me on LinkedIn or at wweinmeyer@gmail.com. Also, feel free to ask SlideShare to bring back the ability to update posted documents.)
A discussion of the fundamentals you need to nail in your architecture practice:
- Architecture vs. Design
- Conceptual vs. Logical vs. Physical architecture
- Viewpoint Frameworks
- Architecture Domains
- Architecture Tiers
You are free to use/copy this information but if you do so, please include an acknowledgement
Enterprise Architecture definition
System architecture
The Role of EA
Enterprise Frameworks:
Zachman Framework
The Open Group’s Architecture Framework (TOGAF)
The Foundation for Execution
Business architecture
Information architecture
Application architecture
Technology architecture
Implementation
Applies physics and basic engineering
principals to the enterprise as a whole
Tool for engineering and manufacturing
enterprises
Has a defined set of rules to follow for
successful implementations
System Development Life Cycle
Data, Function, Network, People, Time, Motivation What constitutes the “enterprise”?
Key enterprise architecture terms Enterprise Architecture Terms
How do you achieve perfect alignment?
Importance of alignment
Lack of Alignment
Nature of Complexity
Architectural Principles
This document contains information about Information System Management (ISM) architecture and infrastructures. It covers the difference between architecture and infrastructures, ISA layers, concepts, representation, framework, elements, role in system development and components.
Ask 5 Software Architects for a definition of Software Architecture and you'll get 10 definitions. However definition important to understand responsibilities, skills requirements and activities. Furthermore, separation of Software Architecture and Application Design has many practical benefits.
The following presentation covers the basics of Software Architecture and the related topics. Most of the information provided is given in short phrases. Refer to Wikipedia article on the same for more information.
This is meant to be a brief slideshow only.
Paper presented at the Second Congres International Des Etudes Somaliennes Pour Une Culture De La Paix En Somalie, 25-27 October 1995, Institut du Monde Arab, Paris.
Paper presented at the Second Congres International Des Etudes Somaliennes
Pour Une Culture De La Paix En Somalie, 25-27 October 1995, Institut du Monde Arab, Paris.
Problem: Tough competition and demanding customers.
Solutions: Redesigned order and production processes reduce costs, increase revenue, and improve customer service.
At the business level of strategy, the key question is, "How can we compete effectively in this particular market?" The market might be light bulbs, utility vehicles, or cable television.
Important Managerial Questions:
What is strategy?
What is strategic advantage?
Information Systems as a strategic resource
How do we use Information Systems to achieve some form of strategic advantage over competitors?
Types of information systems?
Function of different types of system
Benefits of information systems
The characteristics of types of Information Systems
Also known as Critical Network Analysis
Developed by Dupont and Remington Rand in the late 1950s for managing plant maintenance projects
Uses one duration estimate for each activity
Provides basic framework for project planning and contro
The Meaning of Process
2.2 Software Process Models
2.3 Tools and Techniques for Process Modeling
2.4 Practical Process Modeling
2.5 Information System Example
2.6 What this Chapter Means for You
Somalis’ national consciousness is based on the shared heritage of Islam, belief in a common
ancestor, language and culture. This notion, which is also called unity, has
preserved Somali-speaking people for centuries.
European exploration opened the door to colonialism.
The opening of the Suez Canal in 1869 created a geopolitical situation which
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Ocean among the European colonial powers.
Explain growth and importance of databases
Name limitations of conventional file processing
Identify five categories of databases
Explain advantages of databases
Identify costs and risks of databases
List components of database environment
Describe evolution of database systems
Understand how the database approach is Understand how the database approach is different and superior to earlier data systems different and superior to earlier data systems
Examine how information demand and Examine how information demand and technology explosion drive database systems technology explosion drive database systems
Trace the evolution of data systems and note Trace the evolution of data systems and note how we have arrive at the database approach how we have arrive at the database approach
Comprehend the benefits of database systems Comprehend the benefits of database systems and perceive the need for them and perceive the need for them
Survey briefly various data models, types of Survey briefly various data models, types of databases, and the database industry
The Federal Enterprise Architecture (FEA) is the latest attempt by the US federal government to unite its myriad agencies and functions under a single common and ubiquitous enterprise architecture.
TOGAF divides an enterprise architecture into four categories, as follows:
Business architecture—Describes the processes the business uses to meet its goals
Application architecture—Describes how specific applications are designed and how they interact with each other
Data architecture—Describes how the enterprise data stores are organized and accessed
Technical architecture—Describes the hardware and software infrastructure that supports applications and their interactions
Defining Innovation
Importance Of Innovation
Misconceptions
Types of Innovations
Information And Communications Technology
The Role of ICT
Rapid Evolution of ICT
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1. Lecture 1
Enterprise Architecture
Introduction
(Enterprise Architecture IS353)
Abdisalam Issa-Salwe
Taibah University
College of Computer Science & Engineering
Information Systems Department
Topic subject
Background
Enterprise Architecture definition
System architecture
The Role of EA
Enterprise Frameworks:
Zachman Framework
Open Group’s Architecture Framework (TOGAF)
The Foundation for Execution
Business architecture
Information architecture
Application architecture
Technology architecture
Implementation
2
Abdisalam Issa-Salwe, College of Computer Science & Engineering, Taibah University
1
2. Definition (cont…)
“The organizational structure of a system or component.”
IEEE Standard 610, “Standard Computer Dictionary:
A Compilation of IEEE Standard Computer
Glossaries”
“The fundamental organization of a system embodied in
its components, their relationships to each other, and to
the environment, and the principles guiding its design
and evolution.”
IEEE Standard 1471, “IEEE Recommended Practice
for Architectural Description of Software-Intensive
Systems.
3
Abdisalam Issa-Salwe, College of Computer Science & Engineering, Taibah University
Definition (cont…)
Oxford:
“The art or science of building or constructing
edifices of any kind for human use…”
“The special method or ‘style’ in accordance
with which the details of the structure and
ornamentation of a building are arranged.”
4
Abdisalam Issa-Salwe, College of Computer Science & Engineering, Taibah University
2
3. Defining an IT Architecture
ANSI/IEEE Standard 1471-2000
Conceptually an IT Architecture is
The fundamental organization of a system,
embodied in its components,
their relationships
to each other
and the environment,
and the principles governing its design and
evolution.
Practically it is represented in Architectural
Descriptions from the viewpoints of the
Stakeholders
5
Abdisalam Issa-Salwe, College of Computer Science & Engineering, Taibah University
Some more ANSI/IEEE definitions
Architect:
the person, team, or organisation responsible
for systems architecture
Architecting:
the activities of defining, documenting,
maintaining, improving and certifying proper
implementation of an architecture.
Architectural description
a collection of products to document an
architecture.
6
Abdisalam Issa-Salwe, College of Computer Science & Engineering, Taibah University
3
4. Enterprise Architecture
Enterprise Architecture: the explicit
description and documentation of the
current and desired relationships among
business and management processes and
information technology
OMB Circular A-130,
Enterprise Architecture (cont…)
Defines a framework in which one
describes the current and future work
activities and justifies the investments
(personnel, data, applications) of an
“enterprise”
4
5. Enterprise Architecture (cont…)
Enterprise - the highest level of organization,
or one that is trans-organizational
Infrastructure - all supportive resources to
getting the job done: people, processes,
technology
Model - a recreation or representation of the
infrastructure
Framework - the collection of the models
suited to a specific enterprise
Reference Models
Business Reference Model (BRM) –define
mission-critical lines of business, business
processes, and functions
Technical Reference Model (TRM) –identifies
and describes the information services used to
achieve the BRM
Data Reference Model (DRM) – defines the
data/information structures, definitions, and
valids required by the BRM in the context of the
TRM
5
6. Zachman Framework
What How Where Who When Why
Planner’s view Contextual
Owner’s view Conceptual
Designer’s view Logical
Builder’s view Physical
Integrator’s view As Built
User’s view Functioning
What How Where Who When Why
Describing the Enterprise
Work
work assignments
data processes
mission data Investments,
Planning
Software system
data
design
data
Data management
business modeling
6
7. Defining the Enterprise
community
whole of
government
ministry
division
office
workgroup
# participants, complexity
Architecture views
System Stakeholder:
an individual, team, or organization (or classes thereof)
with interests in, or concerns relative to, a system
View:
a representation of a whole system from the
perspective of a related set of concerns
Viewpoint: (a schema of the information in a view)
acts as a pattern or template from which to develop
individual views by establishing the purposes and
audience for a view and the techniques for its creation
and analysis
14
Abdisalam Issa-Salwe, College of Computer Science & Engineering, Taibah University
7
8. Architecture view (cont…)
Description of the architecture from the viewpoint of a
specific stakeholder
The main mechanism of communication between the
architect and the stakeholder
Used to ensure accuracy of understanding of the current
system
Used to ensure the architecture meets the need of each
stakeholder
The collection of views comprises the description of the
architecture
15
Abdisalam Issa-Salwe, College of Computer Science & Engineering, Taibah University
Architecture view (cont…)
An architecture framework is a set of tools which can be used
for developing a broad range of different architectures.[3] It
should:
describe a method for defining an information system in terms
of a set of building blocks
show how the building blocks fit together
contain a set of tools
provide a common vocabulary
include a list of recommended standards
include a list of compliant products that can be used to
implement the building blocks
16
Abdisalam Issa-Salwe, College of Computer Science & Engineering, Taibah University
8
9. System architecture
Design:
How each component should be build
OO, Class, design patterns etc’.
Differences between architecture and design
Many different designs may address the same need
Different architectures imply different needs
Sample from reality: House
Architecture: number of rooms, main structure,
character, guiding lines.
Design: interior design, rooms structure, electricity,
etc’
17
Abdisalam Issa-Salwe, College of Computer Science & Engineering, Taibah University
About Enterprise Architecture
Its not technical!
Aligning IT to business.
Answering all of the enterprise needs
Transverse view.
knowing and managing the current situation,
paving the road for the wanted one.
Implementation of information management
Enforce homogeneous solutions and enable
“One system” to the users.
18
Abdisalam Issa-Salwe, College of Computer Science & Engineering, Taibah University
9
10. About Enterprise Architecture (cont…)
Architected business information systems
will have:
A greater ability to respond to new demands
A greater business value to the organization
A greater ability to use new technology
A faster, simpler and cheaper procurement
process
The ability to support a faster time-to-market
19
Abdisalam Issa-Salwe, College of Computer Science & Engineering, Taibah University
About Architectural Framework
Architecture design is a complex process
An architectural framework is a tool for:
Designing a broad range of a architectures
Assisting the evaluation of different architectures
Selecting and building the right architecture for an
organization
It embodies best practice and acknowledged wisdom
It presents a set of services, standards, design concepts,
components and configurations
It guides the development of specific architectures
20
Abdisalam Issa-Salwe, College of Computer Science & Engineering, Taibah University
10
11. About Architectural Framework (cont…)
Use of a framework leads to:
The use of common principles, assumptions and
terminology
The development of information systems with
better integration and interoperability, especially
with respect to issues that affect the whole
enterprise
What Framework is Not:
A framework does not make architectural design
an automatic process
It is a valuable aid to experienced and
knowledgeable IT Architects
21
Abdisalam Issa-Salwe, College of Computer Science & Engineering, Taibah University
The position of IT Architects
Technical Business
Management Management
IT Architects
System Designers
& Developers
22
11
12. Enterprise Architecture (EA)
Enterprise Architecture has
consistently failed to deliver
to business
Frameworks have grown
ever more complex
Competitive pressure has
never been more
So how can Enterprise
Architecture deliver results?
23
The Role of EA
Informing and Supporting Business
Strategic Vision while reforming and
simplifying the approach to the processing
that supports the business
The Enterprise and the Business
The opportunities to do business better
and satisfy the business “imperatives”.
Supporting strategic agility, representing
technical innovation in business terms
interpreting that strategic vision to direct
and motivate IT activity.
Direct and motivate IT activity
24
12
13. Zachman Framework
Row 1 – Scope
External Requirements and
Drivers
What How Where Who When Why
Business Function Modeling
Row 2 – Enterprise Model 1 Contextual Contextual
Business Process Models
Row 3 – System Model 2 Conceptual Conceptual
Logical Models
Requirements Definition
3 Logical Logical
Row 4 – Technology Model
Physical Models
Solution Definition and Development 4 Physical Physical
Row 5 – As Built
As Built 5 As Built As Built
Deployment
Row 6 – Functioning 6 Functioning Functioning
Enterprise
What How Where Who When Why
Functioning Enterprise
Evaluation
Open Group’s Architecture Framework (TOGAF)
A set of methods for IT Architectures
IT Emphasis
Aims to provide a Common
Vocabulary
The Open Group
Technology Neutral
Technical Pedigree
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13
14. The Foundation for Execution
Strategic Initiatives
Operating model
Defines Enterprise architecture
integration and
standardization
requirements
Foundation for execution
• Core business processes
• IT infrastructure
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Foundation and Infrastructure
Foundation is partly the IT Infrastructure
Automated and non-automated technology
Understanding is key
The tool is not the job!
Supporting the ‘Undertaking to do Business’
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15. Supporting Agility
Exploiting the Model
Integration & Standardisation
Agile Strategic Initiatives
Managed Progression
Business Types
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Business architecture
Enterprise architecture awareness
Implement EA vision
Organization commitment
Mapping stakeholders
Business architecture
How the business works
BPM / BPMN / BPEN
Business targets
What are the vision and mission.
Gaps from current situation
Constraints and demands from IT
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Abdisalam Issa-Salwe, College of Computer Science & Engineering, Taibah University
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16. Information architecture
Influence from business architecture.
Classification enterprise information.
How information is being managed?
Where to store data?
Data schemas
How to collaborate data
Mapping of unused / missing information
Information availability
Information security.
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Abdisalam Issa-Salwe, College of Computer Science & Engineering, Taibah University
Application architecture
Byproduct of business and information
architecture.
Aligning systems to business needs
Basic structure of systems
Architecture patterns
Relations and communication between
systems
How systems share data
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Abdisalam Issa-Salwe, College of Computer Science & Engineering, Taibah University
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17. Technology architecture
Influenced by other architectures.
Needed infrastructure to support the systems.
Collection of selected technologies and tools to
implement chosen architectures
Development
Tools
Communication
Backups
Standards
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Abdisalam Issa-Salwe, College of Computer Science & Engineering, Taibah University
Implementation
Solution
Mapping current situation
Defining the ideal situation
Gap analysis
Creating blueprints, instructions and standards to fill the gaps.
Work plan
Practical definition of migration to ideal situation on time line.
Taking into account current situation and other constraints
Governance
Governance the chosen architecture in daily work
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Abdisalam Issa-Salwe, College of Computer Science & Engineering, Taibah University
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18. Who implement it
Governmental agencies in the states
Firms & enterprises
Improvement of IT products and saving
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Abdisalam Issa-Salwe, College of Computer Science & Engineering, Taibah University
References
Clive Finkelstein, 2007, Introduction to
Enterprise Architecture. http://www.tdan.com/
Abdisalam Issa-Salwe, Lecture Notes:
Enterprise Architecture Fundamentals, Thames
Valley University, 2008.
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