Architecting for the Cloud with TOGAF®

1CC&C Solutions 2013 Copyright © and Confidential
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Architecting for the Cloud with
TOGAF
Open Group conference Sydney April
17th 2013
Sunil KempeGowda

Horseless carriages
• Cars emerged in the early 20th
century, were initially called
horseless carriages.
• People viewed the invention
through the lens of the
paradigm that had been
dominant for centuries: the
horse and carriage.
• By 1920s the number of cars
reached 8 million.
http://www.microsoft.com/en-us/news/presskits/cloud/docs/the-economics-of-the-cloud.pdf

Socio-economic impact of IT evolution
Source: KPMG’s The Cloud: Changing the Business Ecosystem, 2011

Todays Business RequirementsReduceCost
Pay for only what
we use
Minimize
hardware
investment
Reduce software
licenses
Minimize
deployment and
operation cost
CAPEX  OPEX
Increasereliability
Improve system
reliability
24 X 7 system
availability
Easy Accessibility
No in-house
technical skills
Geo dispersed
high availability
(HA) at
affordable cost
Data Governance
Green planet
FastertimetoMarket
To make use of
latest
technologies
Easy to use self
intuitive
software
IT resources to
scale to meet
business needs
Speed of
deployment
(weeks to
minutes)

CLOUD
Internet-based data
access & exchange
Internet-based access
to low cost computing
and applications
The Cloud
Private : Operated for a
single organizations
Community : Shared by
several organizations,
supporting a specific
community
Public : Available to the
general public
Hybrid : Two or more
Clouds that remain unique
Cloud Deployment
Models

Cloud Computing main layers
Application
Platform
Infrastructure
Cloud structure are as Pyramid, where each layer is built
upon the next. Each layer can be somewhat dependent
upon each other and directly related
Niche
Breadth
Integrationasa
Service

Emerging Technology
The ICT industry is at the threshold of once in every
Generation shift to an entirely new computing platform.
Source: IDC
Main
Frame
Personnel
Computer
Third
Platform
Cloud
Computing Third Platform
Big Data
Mobile Devices and Apps
Social Technologies
Internet of Things

Gartner 2012 Hype Cycle for
Emerging Technologies
Source : Gartner

9
Cloud stack options
Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS), such as Amazon or Rackspace or GoGrid
that substitute the Cloud for Data Centre
Organisations that requires granular control of the infrastructure
Platform as a Service to develop customizable application without
considerations for the details such software, hardware and hosting. Eg.
Salesforce, Google App Engine, Ariba, Wavemaker etc.
Replace existing custom build application with Software / Process as a
Service with more agility to business. E.g.. Salesforce, Ariba, Zoho, Google
Integration as a Service, where organization adopts high breed cloud
computing with integration with in house application and cloud hosted
applications. E.g.. Salesforce / Ariba integration with in house application
Organization risk appetite, economic
considerations and business agility drives the
service layer adoption offered by Cloud.

10CC&C Solutions 2013 Copyright © and Confidential10
Cloud Adoption
Gartner estimates, over the
next five years, enterprises
will spend $112 billion
cumulatively on cloud
services
91% of IT Professionals
anticipate in 5 years cloud
will overtake on-premises
computing
Over 80% of IT leaders
indicate that their staff will
need to develop new skills.
70% of today’s IT budgets are spent on operations and
maintenance alone
75% of the $3.5T spent annually on IT budgets is dedicated
to simply maintaining the infrastructures and applications
that are already in place. -- IBM

Navigating the Maze to a Successful
Cloud Deployment
Start Here
Start HereSource: Gigaspace

Popular Cloud Options
PaaS for Consumer Apps
Infrastructure as a Service
Non-Relational Database
Lightweight App Server
Simple but limited
customization capabilities
optimized for consumer
applications
Virtual Servers
Virtual Servers
Virtual Servers
Virtual Servers
Virtual Servers
“Servers as a Service”
Full control of the
environment but
does not eliminate the
middleware complexity
Non-Relational Database
In Memory Data Grid
IM Java/.Net App Server
Flexibility of AWS + Simplicity
of GAE + Enterprise Grade
Capabilities
Cloud Computing Abstraction
PaaS for Enterprise Apps
Source: Gigaspace

An example of Cloud initiative in
Government
Over the past decade, the number of data centers operated by
the US government increased from 432 to more than 1,200,
thus increasing costs related to facilities management and
power consumption.
Vivek Kundra who was appointed CIO - US Federal
Government in 2009 found that server utilization in most
data centers of the US Fed Govt. is around 7 percent. This
resulted in some agencies investing in new data canters
instead of tapping the 93 percent of capacity available on
their existing servers. Mr. Kundra is using these utilization
figures to advocate for a shift to the Cloud Computing model.
Source: 'Data Center Knowledge, 'Kundra: Fed Data Centers 7 Percent Utilized',

Government ecosystem with the Cloud
Source: KPMG's The Cloud: Changing the Business Ecosystem, 2011

Adoption Road map
BUILD THE BUSINESS CASE
DEVELOP THE STRATEGY
ASSESS READINESS
PILOT OR PROTOTYPE
GAIN APPROVAL
Source : Gartner

Architecture Development Method (ADM)
• ADM forms the core of TOGAF, A process for
developing an enterprise architecture that integrates
all the elements within TOGAF
• Designed to address enterprise’s business and IT
needs by providing:
– A set of architecture views (business, data, application,
technology)
– A set of recommended deliverables
– A method for managing requirements
– Guidelines on tools for architecture development
• Assets are taken from Previous iterations,
Marketplace, Other frameworks Systems models,
Vertical Industry models etc..

Preliminary
Phase
Architecture
capability
Governance and
legal frameworks
Board strategies and
board business plans
Partnership /
contract
agreements
Organizational
Impact
Maturity
Assessment
Budget
Governance
Existing
Architecture
Framework

CHALLENGES
• Privacy and security
• Reliability and availability
• Transition and execution risks
• Limited scope for customization
• Cultural resistance
• Regulatory ambiguity
• Issues of taxation
source : KPMG
Different data privacy standards in different
regions, no standard code for cloud, taxation
issues and lack of technical personnel

Roles and responsibilities of the
leadership
STRATEGIC:
Vision
Strategic Direction
Cloud Business Model
TACTICAL:
Financial Evaluation
Technical Evaluation
Adoption Roadmap
OPERATIONAL:
Implementation Plans
Migration
Deployment & Maintenance
CEO
• Business
• Transformation
CFO, CIO, CTO
• Cost Optimization/
• Process Efficiency
• Innovation
IT Team, Vendors
• Operational
• Efficiency

Different compliance standards in various
regions
Different compliance standards in various regions. There are
several compliance standards that regulate data privacy and
information security and hence may influence the use of the Cloud.
Some of these are:
• SOX in the US which stipulates for how long and in what manner
can data be kept and ensuring security of financial information.
• Regulations related to email in countries such as Germany and
the UK.
• Regulations such as Markets in Financial Instruments Directive
(MiFID) in the UK, JSOX in
• Japan and Corporate Law Economic Reform Program (CLERP 9) in
the Australia.
• EU's privacy restrictions and Massachusetts data protection act,
among others. Source: Cloud computing white paper, Mahindra Satyam

Preliminary Phase -Outputs
• Organizational Model for Enterprise Architecture
• Tailored Architecture Framework
• Initial Architecture Repository
• Organization’s strategy, plans, principles, goals,
and drivers possibly restated based on the
opportunities
• Strategy for the Cloud Services
• Governance Framework w.r.t Cloud
• Request for Architecture Work

Architecture
Vision
Business principles,
business goals, and
business drivers
Organizational
Model for EA
Tailored
Architecture
Framework
Tailored
Architecture
Framework

Architecture Vision output
Refined statements of business principles, business goals, and business drivers
Tailored Architecture Framework
Draft of Baseline Business, Data, Technology Architecture.
Baseline Business, Data, Technology Architecture.
Target Business, Data, Technology Architecture.(Evolving thought out the ADM,
more dynamic)

Business Architecture
• Cloud Reference Model, reference architecture and
reference implementation approach is an accepted
approach for planning and implementing Cloud
computing
• Open Group
• Vendors
• Open Standards

NIST Enterprise Architecture Model
• National
Institute of
Standards and
Technology
NIST Enterprise
Architecture
Model (NIST EA
Model) is the
foundation of
several U.S.
federal
Enterprise
Architecture
frameworks
source: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NIST_Enterprise_Architecture_Model
Structured data
Un Structured
data
Social
Media

Data Architecture
• Data integration
• Data quality
• Data and privacy classification

Information Systems Architecture
• Determine data and privacy classification
• Business process remodelling

Risk management Principles & guidelines
• Identification of risk in a selected domain of interest
• Planning the remainder of the process.
• Mapping out the following:
– the social scope of risk management
– the identity and objectives of stakeholders
– the basis upon which risks will be evaluated, constraints.
• Defining a framework for the activity and an agenda
for identification.
• Developing an analysis of risks involved in the
process.
• Mitigation or Solution of risks using available
technological, human and organizational resources.
• -- ISO 31000 "Risk management -- Principles
and guidelines on implementation,

Security Considerations
Identify the security requirements as per
business domain
Strategies for data protection
Implementing Single Sign-on and Access
to applications by roles & profiles
Strategies for application provisioning
and de-provisioning
Governance & audit management

Opportunities& Solutions
• Perform initial implementation planning;
identify major implementation projects
• Identify candidates services in the Cloud
• Different models
• Cloud offerings
Varies based on organization type, risk
appetite, regulatory requirements

Migration Planning
• Operational expenditure outlines
• Analyse costs, benefits and risks; develop
detailed Implementation and Migration Plan

Migration concerns of the Cloud
TECHNICAL FACTORS
• Existing infrastructure
• Security
• Complexity
• Availability
• Network & Support
• Local access and storage
• IT skills
• SLAs
BUSINESS FACTORS
• Existing Investments
• Costs
• Tax considerations
• Cash flow / Profitability
• Data Security
• Regulations
• Provisioning

RMS Titanic
• The sinking of the RMS Titanic occurred on the night
of 14 April through to the morning of 15 April 1912.
• She carried 2,224 passengers and crew. And only
enough lifeboats for 1,178 people
• During 14 April 1912, Titanic's radio operators
received six messages from other ships warning of
drifting ice, which passengers on Titanic had begun
to notice during the afternoon.
Source:
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/RMS_Titanic
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sinking_of_the_R
MS_Titanic

Implementation Governance
• Relocation of Business processes, applications,
data, technical services
• Implement security
• Organization Governance customized to cloud
specific risk identified

Essential skills for Embracing the Cloud

36
Identify the SLA for all the applications / systems / services across the organization
Adopt enterprise architecture to assist cloud adoption.
Investigate the business processes that can be automated
Educate the business users with benefits of cloud adoption
Adopt cloud for business innovation, business transformation, new business models
and to reduce operational cost.
All systems cannot go into cloud, identify those systems for cloud and in-house .
Regulatory requirements some systems that cannot be hosted in public cloud .
Make thorough analysis of Vendor agreements regarding terms of use, service
termination, data privacy etc..
Make thorough investigation of the compliance & standards adopted, financial
stability and reputation of the cloud provider.
Cloud benefits can reaped only with collaboration with other best breed of services.
Key Points

Resources
• http://www.whitehouse.gov/sites/default/files/omb/assets/egov_do
cs/common_approach_to_federal_ea.pdf
• http://www.gao.gov/assets/590/585412.pdf
• http://www.gao.gov/assets/660/653649.pdf
• http://www.kpmg.com/in/en/issuesandinsights/articlespublications/
pages/thecloud-changingthebusinessecosystem.aspx

Thank you
sunilmk@ccandcsolutions.com
Mobile : 0422 373 498

Architecting for the Cloud with TOGAF®

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